具有高强高塑性和良好加工硬化行为的新型亚稳β钛合金设计及发展

本实验将不锈钢中的TRIP/TWIP效应(TRIP:相变诱发的塑形变形,TWIP:孪晶诱发的塑形变形)引入到β钛合金设计中,采用d-电子设计方法和控制合金电子浓度(e/a)的策略,通过控制合金的β稳定性,设计出具有TRIP/TWIP效应,极好的冷加工性能(冷轧变形率95%),高强(抗拉强度,UTS:900～1200 MPa),优异塑性(均匀塑性变形能力ε约40%)和良好的加工硬化行为(加工硬化区间超过350 MPa)的Ti-Mo基亚稳β钛合金。显微结构分析表明Ti-Mo基合金在塑性变形过程中产生了应力诱发马氏体相变αy和{332}113机械孪晶,这导致合金具有以上优异的性能。     

亚稳β型TRIP/TWIP钛合金研究进展

综述了当前国内外学者关于具有相变诱发塑性/孪晶诱发塑性(transformation induced plasticity/twinning induced plasticity,TWIP/TRIP)效应的亚稳β型钛合金的研究进展。介绍了该类钛合金的设计方法。统计了近几年开发的TWIP/TRIP钛合金家族成员及其力学性能,归纳了合金在塑性变形过程中的变形产物及其形成机制,指出了该类钛合金在发展过程中遇到的一些问题。     

亚稳β型TRIP/TWIP钛合金研究进展

综述了当前国内外学者关于具有相变诱发塑性/孪晶诱发塑性(transformation induced plasticity/twinning induced plasticity,TWIP/TRIP)效应的亚稳β型钛合金的研究进展。介绍了该类钛合金的设计方法。统计了近几年开发的TWIP/TRIP钛合金家族成员及其力学性能,归纳了合金在塑性变形过程中的变形产物及其形成机制,指出了该类钛合金在发展过程中遇到的一些问题。     

相变/孪晶诱发塑性的β钛合金加工硬化行为研究

研究了具有相变诱发的塑性变形/孪晶诱发的塑性变形(trunsformationinducedplasticity/twinninginduced plasticity,TWIP/TRIP)效应的Ti-12Mo-5Zr钛合金的加工硬化行为,并利用Hollomon理论分析了该合金的加工硬化指数n变化趋势。根据加工硬化率的演变趋势,该合金的加工硬化过程可分为3个不同阶段:Stage I(ε≈0~0.02),弹-塑性变形过渡阶段;Stage II(ε≈0.02~0.15),加工硬化率θ和硬化指数n逐渐增大阶段;Stage III(ε≈0.15~0.34),加工硬化率θ逐渐减小直到颈缩阶段,该阶段硬化指数n达到稳定值0.34。结合金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段详细研究了该合金在这3个不同加工硬化阶段的显微结构演化过程,探讨了每个阶段的变形机理及其硬化行为。     

亚稳态β钛合金的成分设计、变形机制与力学性能研究进展

本文介绍了当前孪晶塑性/相变塑性(TWIP/TRIP)钛合金的研究现状和设计方法,统计了TWIP/TRIP钛合金中发生{332}<113>、{112}<111>双孪晶钛合金β相的晶粒尺寸、屈服强度和加工硬化率。讨论了Bo-Md图在多组元钛合金设计上的应用和局限性,特别是析出不同二次相(α相与ω相)对基体β相稳定性的影响。从基体β相稳定性、析出相、β相晶粒尺寸和晶体学取向三方面归纳了亚稳态β钛合金TWIP/TRIP变形机制的影响因素,并对其中存在的一些问题和不足进行了分析,简要总结了双孪晶机制对钛合金力学性能的影响。通过综述最新的研究进展及相关问题,对未来高强韧钛合金的发展提出新见解。     

牙科用Ti-Mo合金的组织及性能特点

在纯钛中加入Mo元素制成二元Ti-Mo合金，测定了Ti-Mo合金的密度、维氏硬度、抗压强度、弹性模量及抗弯强度等性能。实验结果表明：该合金形成了等轴的α＋β组织，Ti-Mo合金的维氏硬度为451，抗压强度为1636MPa，压缩率为22．5％，抗压弹性模量为29．8GPa，抗弯强度为1432MPa，合金的塑性较好，性能优异。Ti-Mo合金是一种有发展前景的口腔修复用钛合金。     

亚稳态β钛合金的成分设计、变形机制与力学性能研究进展

本文介绍了当前孪晶塑性/相变塑性(TWIP/TRIP)钛合金的研究现状和设计方法,统计了TWIP/TRIP钛合金中发生{332}113、{112}111双孪晶钛合金β相的晶粒尺寸、屈服强度和加工硬化率。讨论了Bo-Md图在多组元钛合金设计上的应用和局限性,特别是析出不同二次相(α相与ω相)对基体β相稳定性的影响。从基体β相稳定性、析出相、β相晶粒尺寸和晶体学取向三方面归纳了亚稳态β钛合金TWIP/TRIP变形机制的影响因素,并对其中存在的一些问题和不足进行了分析,简要总结了双孪晶机制对钛合金力学性能的影响。通过综述最新的研究进展及相关问题,对未来高强韧钛合金的发展提出新见解。     

水淬工艺对TWIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了一种用于汽车车体的高强、高塑性中C-高Mn系孪晶诱发塑性(TWIP)钢,有助于达到汽车减排、节能和安全的目的。通过单向拉伸实验和OM观察,分析研究了水淬工艺对TWIP钢的力学性能和微观组织的影响规律,采用SEM和TEM对不同变形程度TWIP钢的精细结构进行了分析。结果表明,随着水淬温度的提高,退火孪晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸增大,塑性、加工硬化性提高,而试件的强度和屈强比降低,可以获得抗拉强度960 MPa,延伸率60.5%,具有优异的综合力学性能(强塑积最高达6.096×10~4 MPa%)的试件;具有大量退火孪晶的奥氏体在变形过程中产生大量的形变孪晶,提高了TWIP钢的强度和塑性。     

中锰钢微观结构调控与强韧化机制研究进展

汽车工业的迅猛发展对汽车用钢的综合性能提出了更高的要求。高强高塑和低合金是现代汽车用钢开发的主要目标。本文主要介绍了国内外非均质结构中锰钢的研究现状,系统总结了合金元素和临界退火工艺对组织的影响,并对非均质结构中锰钢的强化机制进行了分析。在传统强化机制的基础上,异质结构通过异质变形诱导(HDI)强化、多阶段相变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应与TRIP/TWIP综合效应进行协同强化,大大提高了中锰钢的强度与伸长率。最后提出了非均质结构中锰钢发展中需解决的问题。     

热处理对新型高强钛合金组织与性能的影响（英文）

研究了新型高强钛合金(Ti-6Al-6Mo-4V)的微观结构和力学性能。分别在α/β和β区固溶处理后,在460～620℃5个不同温度下时效6h,研究合金的组织与性能之间的关系。结果表明,α/β区固溶时效处理后的性能与β单相区固溶时效处理后相比,α/β区固溶时效处理后合金获得更好的强度和塑性组合。在850℃(α/β区域)固溶处理以及460℃时效后,合金获得最高的强度为1572 MPa,伸长率为2.63%;在620℃时效时,合金的伸长率达到最高为11.46%,但强度较低为1201 MPa。经过825℃固溶处理,540℃时效后,该合金获得最好的强度(1328 MPa)和伸长率(7.58%)匹配。同时,β区溶液处理后的β晶粒较大,时效后形成细小的二次α相,导致强度和塑性较差。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.