不同种公牛X／Y精子分离效果及对体外受精能力的影响

本研究首先时比了3头种公牛的X/Y精子分离效果,并通过常规冻精和性控冻精的活力检测,来评价流式细胞仪分离及冷冻处理对不同种公牛精子分离效果的影响.应用体外受精试验,探讨了不同种公牛个体的常规冻精和分离冻精的受精和胚胎发育能力.试验结果表明,不同种公牛个体间除分离准确率外,精子的分离速率(4.1×103/s vs 4.5×103/s vs5.3×103/s,P<0.05)和死精率(19.3%vs 14.5%vs 11.0%,P<0.05)都存在显著差异.三头种公牛的性控冻精在体外培养过程中,精子活力的下降速率要显著快于常规冷冻精液组.不同种公牛个体的分离冻精组在4小时的精子活力也有显著差异(1号种公牛9.1%vs 2号种公牛22.1%、3号种公牛21.5%,P<0.05).此外,常规冻精和性控冻精在受精后的卵裂率和囊胚率存在显著差异(1号种公牛:64.0%vs 41.6%,26.9%vs 19.3%;2号种公牛:67.3%vs 52.3%,29.2%vs26.5%;3号种公牛:60.3%vs 43.1%,27.3%vs 29.9%).上述结果表明,不同种公牛个体间精子的分离速率、死精率、以及对分离冷冻处理的耐受性存在显著差异,造成其解冻后活力和存活时间不同程度的下降;但在体外受精试验中,3头种公牛的分离精子仍具有正常的受精能力,并能支持胚胎发育到囊胚阶段.综上结果表明,选择适宜的种公牛和降低分离及冷冻处理对精子的损伤,对于提高精子的分离效率、分离精液的品质和体外受精效率都有着重要的意义.     

气象因素对种公牛精子发生的影响分析

本文采用相关和通径分析方法,分析了五项气象因子对精液量和精子活力的影响。结果显示,上两个月的月均最低温度（Ｘ４）和月均日照时数（Ｘ１）对精液量分别产生极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）和显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）影响,当月平均温度（Ｘ２）和最高温度（Ｘ５）对精子活力产生显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）影响,降水量（Ｘ３）主要通过气温产生影响,五项气象因子对精子发生的总决定系数约３０％。这些结果对研究种公牛环境控制、精子发生有重     

试述种公牛精子畸形的种类

精子的组织学状况是精子生成过程的反映 ,如果生成过程受到影响 ,会导致畸形精子的生成 ,当畸形率超过 18%时受精率降低 ,了解精子畸形的种类及原因对于指导生产具有重要意义。精子畸形分为原发缺陷和继发缺陷两种 ,原发缺陷是在精子发生过程中形成的 ,严重影响受精。当精子离开睾丸后 ,受到刺激而形成的缺陷为继发缺陷 ,如果数量不是很大不影响受精。但从与受胎率的关系来看 ,一些原发缺陷对受胎率的影响弱于继发缺陷。1　头部疏松　一种继发缺陷 ,发生率低 ,在公牛“排空练习”时的第一个两次或三次射精时大量出现 ,在此后的射精中迅速减…     

不同甘油浓度对公牛精液冷冻后活力的影响

将5头常规冷冻后效果差的种公牛的精液用不同甘油浓度的稀释液进行稀释,对冻后的精子活力进行检测.结果表明:7.5%甘油浓度组与对照组比较,解冻后的精子活力,3头有极显著提高,1头有显著提高,1头变化不大.在实践中可以对冷冻效果差的种公牛进行甘油浓度筛选试验.     

种公牛的采精和管理

1 采精的准备及方法1．1 清洗牛体，去除污物 采精前，辅助人员首先要检查牛体是否干净。特别是牛后躯及被采精牛包皮部，如有牛粪、污物等，应用自来水冲洗干净（冬天宜用温水洗净），冲洗时加入肥皂、高锰酸钾等消毒杀菌剂，以免牛粪、污物污染公牛龟头或掉进采精筒集精管内，从而污染鲜精。精子对异物有相当的吸附作用，精子吸附在异物周围运动，从而使精子失去运动受精的机会，从而降低精子活率，降低受胎率，最终直接影响牛品改点的正常操作，降低农户养牛经济效益。再者，通过冲洗，使被采精公牛处于一种精种良好的状态，有利于采集更…     

合肥地区气温对种公牛鲜精活力影响的观察

<正> 随着黄牛冷冻精液配种改良工作的全面开展,对种公牛鲜精质量的要求愈来愈高,而标志着鲜精质量重要指标的鲜精活力的好坏同气温有着直接的联系。本文对安徽省家畜品种改良站1984到1986年3年间正常采精的种公牛鲜精活力资料进行了统计分析,着重就气温对种公牛鲜精活力的影响作了初步探讨,以便更好的为冻精生产服务。一、材料与方法选常年采精公牛7头,共3个品种,其中西门塔尔牛3头,黑白花牛2头,短角红牛2头。种公牛个体间年龄相仿,均在同一环境下饲养管理。数据为1984到1986年度各公牛每次采精记录统计整理。根据需要对数据进行方差分析。二、结果     

青牛种公牛精囊腺炎综合症的诊治

2006年元月初，天津奶牛发展中心公牛站的青年种公牛03167号和03193号发病。经直检可知精囊腺肿大，其内腺液在采精后大量滞留。镜检发现。精子活力低下，精液中带有黏稠液状块，还伴随着不成熟精子和畸形精子百分比增加。据报道．精囊腺炎在种公牛中的发病率约为0．8％～4．2％。育成青年公牛发病率约占2．4％，精囊腺炎的病理变化往往波及壶腹、附睾、前列腺、尿道球腺、尿道、膀胱、输尿管和肾脏。这些器官的炎症也可能引起精囊腺炎。     

种公牛血液生化指标对繁殖性能的影响

随着科学技术的发展,各种生化指标的检测技术得到广泛的推广和应用。临床生化检验对疾病的诊断、防治和预后都有非常重要的作用。动物血液生化指标是反映动物机体状况的重要指标,是进行动物疾病临床诊断和治疗的重要依据。掌握血液生化指标检测技术和正常动物机体各血液生化指标,对于预防和治疗动物疾病,反映动物的生物特性,培育优良动物品系都具有重要意义。     

影响种公牛精子耐冻性的因素

精子冷冻过程中经受耐冻的能力叫做耐冻性。一般用冷冻精液解冻后精子的复苏率来比较耐冻性，复苏率高的，牛精子的耐冻性较好，相反，耐冻性较差。对于种公牛，其耐冻性越好，冷冻精液解冻后精子的复苏率就越高，在同样精液量、同样密度的情况下，能生产出更多的冻精产品。因此，全面掌握种公牛精子耐冻性，能够有效地确定合理的稀释倍数，充分发挥种公牛的利用率。     

冬季青年种公牛精囊腺炎综合症的诊治

1冬季青年种公牛精囊腺炎综合症的状况 2006年一月初，我公牛站青年种公牛03167号和03193号镜检精子活力低下，精液中带有混稠状块，还伴随着不成熟精子和畸形精子百分比增加。经临床诊断，其精囊腺肿大，内腺液采精后大量滞留，确诊为精囊腺炎。据报道，精囊腺炎在种公牛中的发病率约占0．8％--4．2％，在育成青年种公牛中的发病率约占2．4％。精囊腺炎的病理变化往往波及壶腹、附睾、前列腺、尿道球腺、尿道、膀胱、输尿管和肾脏，同时这些器官的炎症也可引起精囊腺炎。患有精囊腺炎的种公牛也可能患前列腺炎，而在精囊腺炎发病率高时尿道球腺的发病率也高。因此，可以将精囊腺炎及其并发症合称为精囊腺炎综合症。     

Influence of organic versus inorganic dietary selenium supplementation on the concentration of selenium in colostrum,milk and blood of beef cows

Background

Selenium (Se) is important for the postnatal development of the calf. In the first weeks of life, milk is the only source of Se for the calf and insufficient level of Se in the milk may lead to Se deficiency. Maternal Se supplementation is used to prevent this.We investigated the effect of dietary Se-enriched yeast (SY) or sodium selenite (SS) supplements on selected blood parameters and on Se concentrations in the blood, colostrum, and milk of Se-deficient Charolais cows.

Methods

Cows in late pregnancy received a mineral premix with Se (SS or SY, 50 mg Se per kg premix) or without Se (control – C). Supplementation was initiated 6 weeks before expected calving. Blood and colostrum samples were taken from the cows that had just calved (Colostral period). Additional samples were taken around 2 weeks (milk) and 5 weeks (milk and blood) after calving corresponding to Se supplementation for 6 and 12 weeks, respectively (Lactation period) for Se, biochemical and haematological analyses.

Results

Colostral period. Se concentrations in whole blood and colostrum on day 1 post partum and in colostrum on day 3 post partum were 93.0, 72.9, and 47.5 μg/L in the SY group; 68.0, 56.0 and 18.8 μg/L in the SS group; and 35.1, 27.3 and 10.5 μg/L in the C group, respectively. Differences among all the groups were significant (P < 0.01) at each sampling, just as the colostrum Se content decreases were from day 1 to day 3 in each group. The relatively smallest decrease in colostrum Se concentration was found in the SY group (P < 0.01).Lactation period. The mean Se concentrations in milk in weeks 6 and 12 of supplementation were 20.4 and 19.6 μg/L in the SY group, 8.3 and 11.9 μg/L in the SS group, and 6.9 and 6.6 μg/L in the C group, respectively. The values only differed significantly in the SS group (P < 0.05). The Se concentrations in the blood were similar to those of cows examined on the day of calving. The levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were 364.70, 283.82 and 187.46 μkat/L in the SY, SS, and C groups, respectively. This was the only significantly variable biochemical and haematological parameter.

Conclusion

Se-enriched yeast was much more effective than sodium selenite in increasing the concentration of Se in the blood, colostrum and milk, as well as the GSH-Px activity.     

Effect of dietary selenium source, level, and pig hair color on various selenium indices

The first experiment evaluated the effects of feeding various levels of Se, two Se sources, and hair color on selenosis responses in growing-finishing pigs. The study conducted in two replicates was a 2 x 6 x 2 factorial arrangement in a split-plot design. Sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast added at 0.3, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 ppm Se served as the main plot and pig hair color as the subplot. A total of 96 crossbred pigs were allotted and fed their treatment diets for a 12-wk period. White and dark (red or black) hair samples were collected from the dorsal-midline at the 4-, 8-, and 12-wk periods from one pig of each hair color from each treatment pen. Lower pig weights (P < 0.10) and daily gains (P < 0.05) occurred as dietary Se level increased when pigs were fed either Se source. Selenosis responses were somewhat more severe, when the inorganic Se source was fed. Alopecia and hoof separation were encountered after the 8-wk period when pigs were fed inorganic rather than organic Se. Plasma Se increased as dietary level increased (P < 0.01), when organic Se was provided (P < 0.01), and was higher (P < 0.05) when pigs were white-haired. A time x hair color x dietary Se level interaction (P < 0.05) occurred, in which hair Se concentration was higher in dark- than in white-colored pigs and increased as dietary Se level increased as the experiment progressed. The correlation coefficient between dietary Se level and hair Se concentration averaged 0.90 (P < 0.01). Cysteine was the amino acid in the highest concentration in hair, but this and other amino acids were not affected by Se level, Se source, or hair color. A second experiment was a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement in a split-plot design with three 9-mo-old gilts from each of the Yorkshire, Duroc, and Hampshire breeds to determine whether hair Se concentration differed by body location and breed. Hair samples were collected from the shoulder, back, rump, front-leg, belly, and hind-leg areas. Hair Se concentration was higher in red- and white-haired pigs and lower in black-haired gilts (P < 0.01). Higher hair Se concentrations (P < 0.05) occurred from the lower than from the upper body areas. Our results suggest that selenosis occurs at dietary levels > 5 ppm and that white-haired pigs exhibit alopecia sooner than dark-haired pigs. No difference in hair Se concentration occurred when diets were < 1 ppm Se, but as dietary Se level increased dark-haired pigs retained more Se in their hair than white-haired pigs.     

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on semen quality and blood enzymes in buffalo bulls

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium (Se) supplementation on semen quality and blood serum profiles of buffalo bulls. Nine mature buffalo bulls were divided into three groups: control (non‐supplemented); organic Se (10 mg Sel‐Plex®/head twice weekly) and inorganic Se (10 mg sodium selenite/head twice weekly). Semen was collected twice a week for 3 months during Se supplementation. Semen properties were evaluated from fresh ejaculate. Moreover, fructose concentration, aspartate and alanine transaminase (AST and ALT) activities, total protein and total cholesterol were assayed in seminal plasma. Additionally AST, ALT, testosterone and Se levels were determined in the blood serum. Results showed that Se supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) influences the semen parameters during 3 months of treatment. Organic Se significantly (P < 0.05) increased the percentage of viable sperms compared to inorganic Se and the control group. Fructose concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the seminal plasma of organic Se‐treated bulls. Serum testosterone and Se concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the Se supplemented groups than the control group. In conclusion, Se supplementation improved the parameters of buffalo bull semen and more precisely, organic Se was more effective for the improvement of semen quality and some blood components than inorganic Se.     

饲料中添加纳米锌对半滑舌鳎生长、肌肉营养成分及部分血液生化指标的影响

试验以纳米锌(20 nm)为锌源,在基础饲料中分别添加纳米锌0、30、60、90、120 mg/kg和180 mg/kg,添加无机锌60 mg/kg(W60);配制成7种等氮等能的饲料,投喂初体重为(52.68±0.13)g的半滑舌鳎84 d,研究纳米锌水平对半滑舌鳎的生长、肌肉营养成分和血液部分生化指标的影响。结果表明,当纳米锌的添加量为90 mg/kg时,增重率、饲料效率及蛋白质效率显著高于除60 mg/kg组的其他各组(P0.05),与60 mg/kg组无显著性差异(P0.05)。肌肉营养成分组成各试验组无显著性差异(P0.05)。120 mg/kg组、180 mg/kg组及W60组的血红蛋白含量显著高于除对照组(0 mg/kg)之外其他各组(P0.05);纳米锌添加量为0~90 mg/kg组NBT显著高于其他组别(P0.05);90 mg/kg组与W60 A/G差异不显著(P0.05),但均显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。血清GOT活力W60组显著高于除对照组之外其余各组(P0.05)。血清GPT活力在90 mg/kg组出现最大值并显著高于除W60组外其他各组(P0.05)。CHO含量120 mg/kg组及W60组显著高于对照组及30 mg/kg组(P0.05);TG含量在90 mg/kg组出现最大值并显著高于其他组(P0.05)。综上所述,在基础饲料中纳米锌添加量为90 mg/kg时,既可以提高半滑舌鳎的生长性能,又可以提高其非特异性免疫力,同时对其肝脏影响较小。     

甜菜碱对山羊产奶量和血液生化指标的影响

当前甜菜碱作为一种添加剂广泛应用于动物饲料中。甜菜碱是胆碱的氧化产物,在很多重要的生理代谢过程中具有代替蛋氨酸的作用。本试验通过在Mur-ciano-Granadina奶山羊的饲料中添加甜菜碱来研究对其产奶量和血液生化指标的影响。从拥有250只Murciano-Granadina奶山羊的饲养场选择60只泌乳期山羊,尽量保持年龄和胎次(2.5胎)的一致性。将山羊分为2个处理,每个处理30只羊,处理1饲喂基础饲料,处理2在基础饲料中添加4g/kg甜菜碱(此处所用甜菜碱为无水甜菜碱)。结果显示,饲喂添加甜菜碱饲粮的山羊与对照组相比具有较高的乳脂含量(分别为5.2%、4.8%,P0.05),在产奶量上添加甜菜碱组与对照组之间显著差异不显著(平均为1.8kg/d)。血液甘油三酯含量不同组别存在显著差异,对照组甘油三酯含量为0.76mmol/L,添加甜菜碱组甘油三酯含量为0.48mmol/L(P0.05)。甜菜碱对山羊乳汁成分影响的作用机理需要进一步研究。     

Influence of growth-hormone genotypes on breeding values of Simmental bulls

SUMMARY: A leucine/valine substitution of growth hormone amino-acid 127 was genotyped in 221 Bavarian Simmental bulls by PCR/RFLP. Gene frequencies for leucine (L) and valine (V) were 0.68 and 0.32, respectively. Breeding values for meat traits were significantly different between genotypes. The heterozygous genotype LV was superior to LL and VV in both carcass gain (p < 0.01) and meat value, an index which includes carcass gain and classification score (p < 0.05). In relation to classification score, genotype VV was significantly better (p < 0.05) than LV and VV. No effects on milk breeding values were apparent even though those of milk composition approached significance. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Einflu? von Wacbstumshormon-Genotypen auf Zuchtwerte von Fleckviehbullen Ein Polymorphismus der Aminos?ure 127 des bovinen Wachstumshormones wurde bei 221 bayerischen Fleckviehbullen mit PCR/RFLP genotypisiert. Die Genfrequenzen für Leucin (L) und Valin (V) betrugen 0.68 und 0.32. Es bestand ein signifikanter Einflu? auf die Fleischzuchtwerte. Der heterozygote Genotyp LV war in den Merkmalen Nettozunahme (p < 0.01) und Fleischwert (p < 0.05) den Geno-typen LL und VV signifikant überlegen. Im Merkmal Handelsklasse war Genotyp VV signifikant günstiger als LV und LL. Es konnten keine Beziehungen zu den Milchzuchtwerten beschrieben werden, allerdings grenzte der Einflu? auf Milchzusammensetzung an statistische Signifikanz.     

Influence of feeding methods on blood biochemical parameters of Japanese Black breeding herd

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding methods on blood biochemical parameters by using a total of 32 Japanese Black breeding cows. The diet (silage) was distributed at a rough estimate for 18 days (FN period), and stanchions were not used in this period. After the FN period, the cows were separated in stanchions for feeding and were fed specified amount of silage by using scales on a feeder wagon, which was determined according to the diet formulation and average body weight of cows, for 30 days (FW period). On the last day of the two experiment periods, the body weight of all cows was recorded and blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected cows. β‐hydroxybutyric acid and albumin (Alb) levels were significantly higher after the FW period than after FN period. The variation of glucose, Alb, calcium and lactic acid was significantly smaller after the FW period. Several blood parameters of the FW period were approximately the appropriate range of a Japanese Black breeding herd in the dry period. Our results suggest that the feeding method by use of a stanchion and proper diet formulation affects blood biochemical parameters and improves nutritional conditions for breeding cows.     

甘露寡糖对鲤鱼血液生化指标的影响

试验以健康的建鲤为试验动物,研究在其日粮中添加不同水平的酵母甘露寡糖对其生产性能的影响,确定酵母甘露寡糖在鲤鱼中的添加水平,并对其作用机制进行了初步探讨。选用健康均匀的鲤鱼随机分为6组,分别使用不同的饵料,按正常的饲养管理程序进行。1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,2、3、4、5、6组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的酵母甘露寡糖(商品名为奥奇素,Bio-MOS),试验期为45d,以测定甘露寡糖对鲤鱼血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,血清中SOD分别比对照组高6、9、10、23、27IU,5、6组与对照组之间差异极显著(P<0.01);血液中钾、钙、镁、氯离子的含量随MOS添加量升高有所上升,但是效果不显著(P>0.05);血液中的钙随MOS的添加增加明显(P<0.01);血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量随MOS添加而升高:其中试验组3、4、5、6组的总蛋白比对照组高3.19g/L(P<0.01)、4.07g/L(P<0.01)、2.16g/L(P<0.05)、1.21g/L(P<0.05),试验3、4、5、6组的白蛋白比对照组高1.18g/L(P<0.01)、1.69g/L(P<0.01)、1.42g/L(P<0.01)、1.11g/L(P<0.01),其余各组与对照组相比无显著差异,试验3和4组的球蛋白比对照组高2.01g/L(P<0.01)、1.38g/L(P<0.01),其余各组与对照组相比无显著差异;随添加量的增加红细胞数量和血红蛋白量有升高的趋势,4、5、6组与对照组相比差异极显著。     

吡啶羧酸铬对育成期笼养蛋鸭生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮铬水平对育成期笼养蛋鸭生长性能、血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康28日龄金定蛋鸭180只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ～Ⅴ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加0.15、0.30、0.45、0.60 mg/kg铬(吡啶羧酸铬),试验期6周。结果表明:①在饲粮中添加铬(吡啶羧酸铬)对笼养蛋鸭的日增重影响差异显著(P<0.05),但对采食量和料重比影响差异不显著(P>0.05);②一定量的铬(吡啶羧酸铬)对笼养蛋鸭的血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯产生显著影响(P<0.05),并促进了血清总蛋白、白蛋白的提高,同时显著降低了血清尿素氮的含量(P<0.05)。最终通过二次曲线回归方程对添加量和测定指标结果进行回归分析,得出结论:铬(吡啶羧酸铬)在育成期笼养蛋鸭饲粮中最适宜的添加量为0.297 0～0.422 5 mg/kg。     

有机硒的合成及其在养殖中的应用

<正>硒是维护健康,防治克山病、大骨节病、糖尿病、肿瘤、心血管疾病等所必需的微量元素,是生物体内谷胱甘肽过氧化合物酶的重要成分,它的主要功能是清除生物体内产生的多余的自由基,提高生物体免疫水平。硒还可以参与辅酶A、辅酶Q的合成,刺激免疫球蛋白的生成,有抗氧化、抗癌作用,其抗氧化能力是VE的50～500倍。硒在体内具重要的生物学作用,参与GHS-Px的合成,保护细胞膜的结构和功能,拮抗及降低某些有毒元素及物质的毒性,影响视力传导和