膝关节MRI平扫与直接法造影诊断半月板损伤准确性分析

目的:比较分析MRI平扫与造影MRI对半月板损伤诊断的准确性。方法:100例疑似半月板损伤患者,行MRI矢状位T1WI、T2WI GRE、STIR、PD+Fatsat,冠状位T2WI GRE,平扫后立即在直接关节腔内注射对比剂行矢状位、冠状位、轴位T1WI,层厚4mm、层距1mm。结果:94例经关节镜或手术确诊为半月板撕裂,其中,MRI GRE序列诊断撕裂84例,膝关节MRI造影诊断83例。6例经关节镜或手术确诊为正常或变性,MR GRE序列和膝关节MRI造影也为正常或变性。结论:MRI平扫与MRI造影对半月板损伤的诊断准确性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。     

膝关节外伤性骨挫伤的MR诊断及临床意义

目的评价MRI对骨挫伤的诊断价值和临床意义。方法选取145例x线平片未显示股骨和胫骨骨折但MRI显示有外伤性骨髓水肿的膝关节外伤患者，MR检查时间为外伤后1-3d，采用膝关节专用线圈，快速SE（FSE）序列，T，WI、T2WI、质子密度加权成像（PDWI）＋脂肪抑制，行冠状面、矢状面、横断面、斜矢状面扫描，层厚3min，层间距0．5mm。根据骨髓水肿的分布，将膝关节外伤性骨挫伤分成5类：轴向旋转性损伤、夹击损伤、仪表盘式损伤、过伸型损伤和髌骨外侧脱位。其中48例行关节镜检查。结果145例中MRI显示轴向旋转性损伤43例，夹击损伤53例，仪表盘式损伤40例，过伸型损伤9例。骨髓水肿在PDWI或T2WI脂肪抑制序列上为片状地图样高信号，在T1WI上为低信号，边界不清。48例行关节镜检查，发现前交叉韧带撕裂11例，后交叉韧带撕裂13例，半月板撕裂22例，5例MRI诊断半月板撕裂而关节镜未能显示，MRI诊断与关节镜诊断结果符合率为89．6％。结论MRI可以准确显示膝关节骨挫伤的部位和范围及膝关节附属结构的损伤，推断其受伤机制，对临床诊断、治疗具有重要意义，应作为常规检查方法应用。     

半月板缝合术后:MRI诊断的价值

目的 评价常规MRI对缝合后半月板的诊断价值.资料与方法 对29例膝关节的32个缝合半月板(内侧半月板22个,外侧半月板10个)进行MRI检查,采用短回波时间序列(SE T.WI,TSE PDW和快速小角度激发的T2*WI)及长回波时间序列(TSE T2WI)扫描.以半月板3级信号作为MRI诊断不愈合或再撕裂的标准.二次关节镜的探查结果作为评价的金标准.然后用Fisher精确概率法和配对X2检验做统计学处理.结果 所有32个缝合后的半月板在二次关节镜中均表现为完全愈合.22个缝合后的内侧半月板中,SE T1WI、TSE PDW和T2*WI误诊为半月板撕裂(假阳性率)分别为36%、27%和36%,TSE T2WI则为5%;10个缝合后的外侧半月板中,SET1WI、TSE PDW和T2*WI的假阳性率均为20%,而TSE T2WI为0%.各序列对内、外侧半月板的假阳性率差异无统计学意义.结论 对缝合后的半月板进行MRI诊断时,采用半月板3级信号的诊断标准有可能导致较高的假阳性率,短回波时间的序列更为严重.     

MRI水脂分离序列成像对膝关节半月板损伤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨MRI水脂分离技术——扰相梯度回波水脂分离T2WI(简称FatSepG-WFT2*)序列对膝关节半月板损伤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析MRI诊断的62例372个半月板区域的相关资料,以关节镜诊断为金标准,对结果行统计学分析。用χ2检验比较不同MRI序列对膝关节半月板损伤的差异。采用Kappa检验分析MRI诊断半月板撕裂与关节镜诊断的一致性。采用χ2检验分析MRI对内外侧半月板撕裂部位诊断准确性的差异。结果:以关节镜结果作为标准,MRI FatSepG-WFT2*序列诊断半月板撕裂的准确度为94%(350/372)、敏感度为93%(140/149),特异度为94%(210/223),对诊断半月板撕裂有较好的有效性(K=0.877)。结论 :MRI FatSepG-WFT2*序列较常规MRI序列具有更高的敏感性和特异性,两者结合可提高低场强MRI对膝关节病变的检出率。MRI是诊断膝关节半月板损伤的有效手段,与关节镜有较好的一致性,两者结合具有更好的诊断和治疗效果。     

膝关节半月板后根部撕裂的MRI评价

目的 探讨MRI对膝关节半月板后根部撕裂的价值.方法 回顾分析经关节镜证实的30例半月板后根部撕裂患者(17例累及内侧半月板,13例累及外侧半月板)的MRI表现,分析MRI对半月板后根部撕裂的诊断敏感度,MRI对内侧、外侧半月板后根部撕裂的检出比例比较采用Fisher确切概率法检验.结果 30例半月板后根部撕裂患者中,MRI正确诊断26例(包括17例内侧半月板后根部撕裂和9例外侧半月板后根部撕裂),诊断敏感度为86.7%(26/30).半月板后根部撕裂的MRI表现主要为后根部形态失常,代之以异常高信号影.MRI对内侧半月板后根部撕裂的检出比例(17/17)明显高于外侧(9/13)(P=0.026).内侧半月板后根部撕裂合并半月板脱位的发生比例(15/17)明显高于外侧(6/13)(P=0.020),但并发前交叉韧带损伤的发生比例(5/17)则明显低于外侧(11/13)(P=0.004).结论 MRI是诊断半月板后根部撕裂及伴发损伤的较好方法.     

磁共振GE、SE序列对损伤性膝关节病变的诊断价值分析

目的：分析MRI中GE、SE序列对损伤性膝关节病变显示情况的诊断价值。方法：分析129例经手术或关节镜证实的损伤性膝关节病变的患者的MRI资料，包括半月板损伤、交叉韧带损伤、骨挫伤及关节面损伤的MRI表现。结果：半月板损伤在准T2WI显示率100％，在T2WI仅少数显示高信号，T1WI大部分显示等高信号；韧带损伤在各序列中均显示连续性中断或信号升高或形态改变，显示率100％，但应与容积效应相鉴别；骨挫伤在准T2WI表现为地图样高低混杂信号最具特征，T1WI和T2WI对比性相对差些；关节面下囊变在T2WI显示最佳。结论：GE和SE序列对损伤性膝关节病变的显示各有利弊，需相互结合，相互补充。     

半月板根部放射状撕裂MR表现

目的 探讨半月板根部放射状撕裂的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析17例经关节镜证实半月板根部放射状撕裂MRI表现.结果 17例半月板根部放射状撕裂中,16例位于内侧半月板后角,1例位于外侧半月板后角.MRI表现为根部横断位和冠状位后角条状高信号和矢状位表现为后角弥漫性高信号.同时检出继发征象,包括半月板膨出11例,关节面下骨挫伤13例.17例患者均伴有膝关节退行性改变.结论 膝关节半月板根部放射状撕裂主要发生在内侧半月板后角,MRI可以依据多方位成像显示其多种征象,熟悉这些征象可以帮助放射诊断医师作出正确诊断指导临床治疗方案的实施.     

膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI诊断

目的 探讨膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI诊断价值.方法 收集并分析经关节镜证实的60例膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI表现,并参考Stoller分级方法,提出半月板损伤的4级分法.结果 60例65个半月板撕裂中,内侧撕裂15个,外侧撕裂40个,两侧同时撕裂5例10个.合并外侧盘状半月板15个.MRI诊断准确率为90.8%.39例出现合并症,伴随病变有韧带撕裂,骨挫伤,关节积液,骨折,半月板囊肿等.结论 MRI能够准确诊断半月板撕裂,还能发现多种合并症.     

膝关节韧带损伤MRI诊断的评价(附36例分析)

目的：探讨膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法：分析36例经手术或关节镜证实的膝关节韧带损伤患者的MRI材料，重点分析了前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的MRI表现。结果：前交叉韧带部分性撕裂为T1WI、T2WI、T2^*像上韧带内信号均增高，但纤维束仍保持其连续性和完整性；完全性撕裂的直接征象为韧带连续性中断、增粗或扭曲变形；看不到正常的ACL，于附着处出现一团块影，T2WI韧带内呈弥漫高信号；间接征象有胫骨前置和后交叉韧带变形等。结论：ACL损伤在MBI上有一定的特点。MRI是诊断膝关节韧带损伤的一种有效的无创性检查方法。     

MRI对军事训练致盘状半月板损伤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨MRI对军事训练致膝关节盘状半月板损伤的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析36例武警部队军人盘状半月板资料,其中33例经关节镜证实盘状半月板撕裂,33例撕裂病例均有明确的军事训练致伤史,观察盘状半月板形态、大小及信号改变,判断盘状半月板及其损伤分型。结果:36例盘状半月板,均发生在外侧。36例中,板型21例,楔型9例,肥角型6例。33例盘状半月板发生撕裂,以关节镜为诊断标准,MRI诊断膝关节盘状半月板准确率为100%,MRI诊断盘状半月板水平撕裂、斜行撕裂、纵行撕裂、放射状撕裂、桶柄状撕裂及复杂撕裂的准确性分别为91.7%、94.4%、100%、97.2%、91.7%、94.4%。结论:MRI对军事训练致盘状半月板撕裂能清晰显示、准确分型,对临床治疗方案的制定有重要的指导作用,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

磁共振STIRFIR序列对膝关节外伤的诊断准确性

目的 评价短反转时间快速反转恢复（STIRFIR）序列对膝关节外伤的诊断准确性。方法 60例膝关节外伤的患者均经磁共振检查，其中，35例有关节镜资料证实，对膝关节外伤的患者于外伤后2h～7d行STIR FIR序列、扰相梯度T2加权（Spoiled gradient T2 Weighted Image，GRE T2WI）序列并对其磁共振影像（MRI）表现进行比较分析。结果 扰相GRE T2WI序列显示前交叉韧带损伤40例，后交叉韧带损伤24例，半月板损伤21例，骨挫伤21例，骨挫伤区或其周围发现隐性骨折线19条；STIR序列检出前交叉韧带损伤41例，后交叉韧带损伤25例，半月板损伤21例，骨挫伤60例，骨挫伤区或其周围发现隐性骨折线182条。结论 与GRE T2WI序列比较，STIR FIR序列对膝关节外伤中的骨挫伤、隐性骨折具有更明显的诊断优势，可作为膝关节外伤MRI检查的常规序列。     

Abnormal superior popliteomeniscal fascicle and posterior pericapsular edema: indirect MR imaging signs of a lateral meniscal tear

OBJECTIVE. Because MR diagnosis of lateral meniscal tears can be difficult, indirect signs may be useful when a tear is suspected. We studied whether an abnormality of the superior popliteomeniscal fascicle or pericapsular edema was associated with lateral meniscal tears and thus may be an indirect MR imaging sign of a lateral meniscal tear. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We identified 59 consecutive patients who underwent both knee MR imaging examinations and knee arthroscopy. Thirty patients had lateral meniscal tears, and 29 had intact lateral menisci. We reviewed paired sagittal proton density- and T2-weighted MR images from these 59 patients for abnormal superior popliteomeniscal fascicles and edema surrounding the posterolateral capsule. RESULTS. The superior popliteomeniscal fascicles were abnormal in nine of the 30 patients with torn lateral menisci but were normal in all 29 patients with intact menisci (p = 0.001). Abnormal fascicles were apparent only when the lateral meniscal tear involved the posterior horn. Posterior pericapsular edema was seen in 10 patients with a torn posterior horn and in one patient with an anterior horn tear of the lateral meniscus, but in only two patients with intact menisci (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION. The presence of superior popliteomeniscal fascicle abnormalities and of posterior pericapsular edema is significantly associated with a tear of the lateral meniscus, most commonly in the posterior horn. Noting the presence of these findings may help improve the accuracy of MR diagnosis of lateral meniscal tears.     

Meniscal injuries: detection using MR imaging

Both retrospective and blinded analyses of thin-section, high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of the knee joint, produced using a solenoid surface coil, indicate that MR imaging is an effective technique for evaluating meniscal injuries. Images of 49 patients were evaluated, and the results were correlated with those of subsequent arthroscopy. A grading scale was developed to rate the index of suspicion of a meniscal tear based on the MR images. Overall, approximately 80% of menisci rated grade 4 (definite tear) or 3 (probable tear) were found to have corresponding tears at arthroscopy. In many other patients with a grade 4 or 3 meniscus in whom a corresponding tear was not found arthroscopically, meniscal tears at other sites or other abnormalities were correctly diagnosed using MR. A majority of the false-positive MR images involved the posterior horns of the menisci, the sites of most false-negative arthroscopic diagnoses. The predictive value of a negative MR image was almost 100%. Even in patients with moderate-to-large effusions, the menisci were accurately evaluated. The results imply that MR imaging is useful in the preoperative evaluation of suspected meniscal tears.     

Effect of chondrocalcinosis on the MR imaging of knee menisci

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the influence of chondrocalcinosis on MR imaging in the detection of meniscal tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of knee MR imaging and arthroscopy records from two university hospitals between 1996 and 1998. Seventy individuals had radiographic evidence of chondrocalcinosis and underwent knee MR imaging. Thirty-seven of these individuals had undergone arthroscopy for further evaluation of their symptoms. MR imaging sensitivity and specificity in the detection of medial and lateral meniscal tears were calculated in these 37 patients who had radiographic evidence of chondrocalcinosis and in a control group of 34 patients who underwent MR imaging and arthroscopy but did not have knee chondrocalcinosis. RESULTS: In the chondrocalcinosis group, MR imaging sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for meniscal tear were 78%, 71%, and 78%, respectively, for the lateral meniscus, and 89%, 72%, and 81% for the medial meniscus. The control group showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93%, 100%, and 97%, respectively, for the lateral meniscus and 100% in all cases for the medial meniscus. The MR imaging detection of meniscal tears in both the lateral and medial compartments combined is significantly poorer in the presence of chondrocalcinosis (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: MR imaging sensitivity and specificity for detection of meniscal tear is decreased in the presence of meniscal chondrocalcinosis. Chondrocalcinosis appeared as a high-signal-intensity region on T1-weighted, intermediate-weighted, and inversion recovery sequences. The high signal of chondrocalcinosis on inversion recovery sequence is an interesting observation that to our knowledge has not been previously reported. Radiographic correlation with the MR imaging examination can help prevent overdiagnosing meniscal tears.     

Anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus into the anterior cruciate ligament: the MR appearance

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristic MR findings of the anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus (AIMM) into the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and to document potential pitfalls in its interpretation. We reviewed 1326 consecutive knee arthroscopic studies to identify patients with an AIMM. 30 knees of 26 patients (4 females, 22 males; average age, 31.3 years; range, 14-50 years) were included in this study. We evaluated the presence of an AIMM and analysed the MR findings, including the ACL attachment sites of the AIMMs, the absence of the transverse ligament, meniscal tears and a discoid meniscus. AIMMs were detected by MR imaging in 16 knees of 18 patients (60%, 18/30). The AIMMs showed a linear band with low signal intensity on T2 weighted sagittal images running parallel to the ACL. The AIMMs were inserted into the lower portion of the ACL in eight knees, the middle portion in five knees, and the intercondylar notch in five knees. Meniscal tears (10 medial, 10 lateral) were found in 20 knees of 16 patients. Six knees of five patients showed a discoid meniscus. 15 knees of 14 patients showed no transverse ligament on MR imaging. An AIMM has the potential to be misinterpreted as a meniscal tear, ACL tear or infrapatellar plica on knee MR imaging. Familiarity with the characteristic MR findings can aid in the detection of an AIMM into the ACL.     

Imaging evaluation of meniscal injury of the knee joint: a comparative MR imaging and arthroscopic study

To evaluate the efficacy of MR imaging in the diagnosis and classification of meniscal tear of the knee joint, we retrospectively characterized the MR features of 78 meniscal tears in 148 patients according to the Mesgarzadeh's criteria. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity for meniscal tears were 92% and 87%, respectively. Type VI meniscal tear was the most common type, especially in displaced meniscal tear. MR is a reliable diagnostic tool for meniscal tears and associated cruciate ligament injury.     

低场强MRI对膝关节半月板损伤的诊断价值探讨

目的评价低场强MRI对半月板损伤的诊断价值。方法对我院90例临床高度怀疑半月板损伤的患者行低场强MRI扫描和关节镜检查,并对其结果进行比较。结果本组90例患者的98个膝关节共累及103个半月板,经MRI诊断为真性撕裂者55个半月板．经父节镜证实为53个半月板;经MRI检查阴性而关节镜下见撕裂者2个半月板,MRI和父节镜检查均为阴性者30个半月板,其中有3个为盘状半月板。低场强MRI对半月板损伤的敏感性为9375％,特异性94．37％,准确性94．17％。结论低场强MRI是诊断半月板损伤无创性的极有价值的诊断疗法．是膝关节镜术前的重要榆查。     

Pericruciate meniscal cysts arising from tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus: MR imaging features that simulate posterior cruciate ganglion cysts.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to describe MR imaging features of an unusual type of meniscal cyst arising from tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in 10 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of MR examinations of the knee was performed of 10 patients (nine men, one woman; mean age, 39 years) in whom evidence of a meniscal tear and a cyst-like structure around the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was seen. RESULTS: An oval mass with low signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images posterior to the PCL, simulating a PCL ganglion cyst, was seen in all 10 patients. A tear of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus was also seen in all patients. The sites of communication between the cyst and meniscal tear were observed in sagittal MR images in eight patients. Septation within the cyst and associated joint effusion were seen in eight and four patients, respectively. Arthroscopy in eight patients and transmeniscal needle drainage in the other two patients confirmed both the meniscal tear and the pericruciate meniscal cyst. CONCLUSION: Pericruciate meniscal cysts cause fluid collections posterior to the PCL, simulating a PCL ganglion cyst. Careful analysis of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus should be performed when a cyst-like structure is seen adjacent to the PCL.     

Association of peripheral vertical meniscal tears with anterior cruciate ligament tears

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe a type of meniscal tear seen on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the peripheral vertical tear, and to determine the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in knees with this type of meniscal tear compared to knees with other types of meniscal tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective review of 200 knee MR examinations with imaging diagnoses of 'meniscal tear' was performed to assess the location and morphology of the meniscal tear, and to assess the status of the ACL. RESULTS: Nineteen peripheral vertical meniscal tears were identified in 17 patients, 14 of whom had acute ACL tears, prior ACL reconstruction, or chronic ACL deficiency. Three peripheral vertical tears were seen in the setting of a normal ACL. Of the 183 examinations with other types of meniscal tears, there were 17 cases with acute ACL tears, prior ACL reconstruction, or chronic ACL deficiency. The difference in the prevalence of ACL tear, reconstruction, or deficiency in knees with meniscal tears of the peripheral vertical type (82.4%) compared with the prevalence of ACL tear, reconstruction, or deficiency in knees with other types of meniscal tears (9.3%) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The calculated specificity of the presence of peripheral vertical tear morphology in detecting an ACL injury in patients with meniscal tears was 98.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral vertical meniscal tears, particularly when involving the posterior horn, are highly associated with ACL tear, deficiency, or reconstruction. The finding of this type of tear on knee MR imaging should prompt close inspection of the ACL for evidence of acute or chronic injury, and its presence may help make the diagnosis of ACL tear in equivocal cases.     

“双后交叉韧带征”在膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂诊断中的价值

目的本文目的主要是介绍和评价“双后交叉韧带征”在膝关节半月板撕裂中的价值。方法分析16例膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂患者,其中男性11例,女性5例。病史从2周到3年。采用超导MR扫描机,场强1.0T。成像序列主要包括矢状SE T