87Sr/86Sr from rock and soil into vine and wine

For provenance assignments of wines strontium isotope ratios can be used because soils from different wine-growing regions, and hence the wines grown there, each show specific ratios. Some successful applications are demonstrated.     

应重视辐射^60Coγ在酱油食醋上应用研究

本文分析了我国食品辐照业的现状,调味品工业的现状,建议应重视食品辐照^60Coγ在酱油、食醋上应用研究。     

E^2PROM器件在网络控制洗衣机中的应用

研究了E^2PROM器件在网络控制洗衣机控制器中的应用,该控制器选用CAT24C02芯片作为信息暂存单元的核心器件,并作主器件,在主发送方式与主接收方式下,通过与CAT24C02芯片进行数据存取实现控制功能,实践证明,E^2PROM的应用可延长洗衣机控制器的寿命,提高洗衣机的运行可靠性及收发数据的安全性。     

The radioecology of the grapevine. 1. The transfer of nuclear weapons fallout from the soil into wine

In a field investigation (1983-1985) comprising eight places of the most important viticultural regions in the Federal Republic of Germany, the contents of the radionuclides tritium (3H), carbon-14 (14C), strontium-90 (90Sr), and cesium-137 (137Cs) in air, soils, leaves of the vine, grapes and wine were measured and site-specific transfer factors were calculated. Data concerning soil parameters, climatic conditions, cultivation and vinification were collected. The tritium content of all samples was 10 Bq/l water of combustion, independent of location and year. The specific activity of 14C in the atmosphere and in biological material was 0.22 Bq/g carbon, independent of site and year. 90Sr contents of soils fluctuated between 0.7 and 3.5 Bq/kg dry matter. The mean content of leaves was 2 Bq/kg fresh material, of grapes 0.035 Bq/kg and of wine 0.008 Bq/l. 137Cs content of soils fluctuated between 1.3 and 7.9 Bq/kg dry matter. The mean content of leaves was 0.098 Bq/kg fresh material, of grapes 0.021 Bq/kg and of wine 0.0085 Bq/l. A relation between transfer of radionuclides and soil parameters and between the contents of grapes and wine was not recognizable. While cultivar-specific differences were not observed in grapes, red wines contained somewhat more 137Cs than white wines. Transfer factors soil grapes were 0.027 for 90Sr and 0.0057 for 137Cs. Site-specific influences such as soil parameters, climate, cultivation, vinification and differences between years led to a relatively small fluctuation of values. An influence of the nuclear power station Neckarwestheim has not been found in any of the radionuclides.     

Description of theβ-glucosidase activity of wine yeasts

β-glucosidase activity of differentSaccharomycesstrains has been detected on the basis of its hydrolytic activity onpara-nitrophenyl-β-glucoside (pNPG) and terpene glycosides of Muscat wine. This enzymatic activity is induced by the presence of boundβ-glucose as the only carbon source in the medium and seems to be a characteristic of the yeast strain.β-glucosidase is associated with the cell wall and is found in the insoluble fraction obtained from lysed yeast cells.Saccharomyces β-glucosidase is quite glucose independent, so that its activity is reduced by about 40% in the presence of 200 g/l of glucose, but it is inhibited by about 50% with 5% ethanol in the medium; therefore, its technological use seems to be restricted to the first stages in the wine-making process.     

Use of 87Sr/86Sr and delta11B to identify slag-affected sediment in southern Lake Michigan

Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron-smelting industry and influences geochemistry and water quality in adjacent geologic units, ground and surface water. Despite extensive slag deposition along the Indiana shoreline of Lake Michigan, definitive evidence that slag has affected lakebed sediments has not been established. Concerns for the protection of water and ecosystem resources in the Great Lakes motivated this study to determine if strontium and boron isotopes could be used to identify and delineate slag-affected bed sediment in Lake Michigan. Sixty-five samples of bed sediment were acquired from the southern lobe of Lake Michigan and analyzed for 87Sr/86Sr and deltat11B. Samples immediately offshore from Indiana steel mills and slag-disposal sites contained higher median 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70881) than shoreline sediments collected elsewhere in the basin (0.70847) and uniquely decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline. The highest delta11B values occurred in sediments from the Indiana shoreline (+12.9 to 16.4/1000) but were also elevated in sediments collected offshore from three Lake Michigan cities (+11.7 to 12.7/1000). Contoured isotope data indicated that 82-154 km2 of bed sediment along the Indiana shoreline had elevated 87Sr/86Sr and delta11B values relative to shoreline sediments elsewhere in southern Lake Michigan.     

Scalping of ethyloctanoate and linalool from a model wine into plastic films

The scalping of aroma compounds may affect the sensory properties of wines packed in plastic, such as those commercialized in aseptic multilayer packages, by reducing the intensity and changing the character of the original aroma. Up to date, no study has focused on the scalping of wine aroma compounds. The present study aimed at determining the sorption kinetics of two wine volatiles, chosen on the basis of their low threshold and high odor activity value, in linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and cast polypropylene (CPP), from a model solution simulating wine composition. The experimental data were satisfactorily fitted by the Fick's Second Law, as to prove an ideal Fickian transport diffusional character of the phenomenon. Sorption was determined by means of MHS-SPME, a technique recently developed to quantify volatile compounds from solid matrices. Ethyloctanoate was sorbed more into CPP than LLDPE, and at much higher extent than linalool, as a consequence of the different polarity of the molecules. The amount of ethyloctanoate lost at the steady state determines a significant variation of its odor activity value and the imbalance of the original aroma composition.     

13C NMR-spektroskopische Bestimmung von Diethylenglykol im Wein

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine strukturspezifische (¹³C NMR-Spektroskopie) Bestimmung von Diethylenglykol direkt aus Wein ohne Probenvorbehandlung beschrieben. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 10 mg/1.

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Determination of diethylene glycol in wine with¹³C NMR- spectroscopy

Summary A procedure for the structure specific determination of diethylenglycol from wine is described. The analysis can be performed without pretreatment of the samples. The detection limit is 10 mg/l.

     

Kontamination von Kartoffeln durch Eintauchen in90Sr-bzw.137Cs-L?sungen

Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel der Kartoffel wurde die Aktivitätsaufnahme beim Eintauchen in Lösungen untersucht. Zunächst stand die Frage im Vordergrund, inwieweit die Form und der Zustand des Produktes Einfluß auf die Aufnahme haben kann. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß bei ein und demselben Nuclid sich der Zustand des Gutes sehr wohl auswirken kann, und daß Unterschiede zwischen den hier untersuchten Nucliden⁹⁰Sr und¹³⁷Cs bestehen.Der zweite wichtige Punkt dieser Betrachtungen war die sogenannte Übergangsfunktion, also die mathematische Formulierung des qualitativen Verlaufes der Aktivitätsaufnahme. Die Übergangsfunktion weist eine charakteristische Konstante auf, die für das untersuchte Produkt und die verwendeten Nuclide bestimmt wurde. Die Aufnahmefähigk.eit verschiedener Produkte für verschiedene Radionuclide kann durch Ermittlung dieser Konstante verglichen werden, wenn diese durch Versuche mit jeweils konstanten Parametern bestimmt wind.Schließlich wird gezeigt, daß eine auf die beschriebene Art erfolgte Kontamination durch das Schälen der Kartoffeln beseitigt werden kann, da die Randschicht mindestens 95% der Aktivität enthalt./p]     

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in wine and ochratoxigenic mycoflora in grapes and dried vine fruits in South America

Grape and wine production in South America represents about 6.6% and 10% respectively of the world grape and wine production. The available information on the ochratoxigenic mycoflora and ochratoxin A (OTA) presence in wine grapes, wines, grape juices and dried vine fruits is limited. Surveys have been carried out in Argentina and Brazil which showed that Aspergillus niger aggregate are predominant in the Argentinean varieties while from the Brazilian varieties the species A. niger, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus carbonarius were isolated. A mycobiota survey from wine grapes in Argentina showed that while Alternaria alternata was predominant, Aspergillus section Nigri species were isolated from 60% of samples. About 41% of black Aspergilli isolates produced OTA with levels ranging from 2 to 24.5 ng mL(-1). In another study, about 83% of A. carbonarius isolates from dried vine fruits produced OTA, with levels ranging from 2 to 5200 ng mL(-1). A survey of grape juices and wines of Brazilian, Argentinean and Chilean origin were found to contain very low levels of OTA. Studies are in progress in Latin America on the ecophysiology of ochratoxigenic fungi and OTA occurrence to reduce the impact of this toxin in the food chain.     

海藻酸钠-高甲氧基果胶复合体系凝胶特性的研究--蔗糖、Ca2+、葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯对复合体系凝胶特性的影响

研究了蔗糖、Ca2+、葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯对海藻酸钠-高甲氧基果胶复合体系凝胶特性的影响.结果表明蔗糖、Ca2+对该体系的凝胶特性影响很大,适量蔗糖的添加不仅可增加体系的凝胶强度和持水性,还可增加凝胶的融点;Ca2+的添加可使体系的凝胶类型从热可逆变成热不可逆,且对体系凝胶强度的影响与其对海藻酸钠的影响类似;在海藻酸钠、高甲氧基果胶单独不能形成凝胶的条件下,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯的添加可诱导两种胶的混合物形成凝胶,且该复合物的凝胶强度与葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯的浓度、胶体总浓度有关.     

走进南非:泡在酒香里

来源于新浪网http://bj.sina.com.cn精品购物指南以前人们只认识法国波尔多、勃艮地的葡萄酒,这两年,南非的葡萄酒越来越受人们欢迎。南非有300多年的酿酒历史,而且由于葡萄种植季节较早,新酒上架的时间要比欧洲早6个月。来到南非著名的葡萄酒产区斯泰伦博斯Stellenbosch,穿过Stellenbosch大学城,风景如画的葡萄酒庄园就展现在眼前。荷兰式的建筑掩映在起伏有致的葡萄园中。白色房子前,是一片或粉或红或紫的花丛组成的花园,小巧的喷水池点缀其中,颇具欧洲风格。房子有高高的台阶,台阶上,是黄色遮阳伞下围成的一圈圈露天咖啡座,几个老外正闲…     

The maceration process during winemaking extraction of anthocyanins from grape skins into wine

The rate of anthocyanin extraction from skins of Monastrell grapes into wine during the maceration process has been studied by following anthocyanin accumulation in wine and its decrease in crushed skins. The most important changes occurred during the first 7 days of maceration; the following 7 days saw very little variation in the levels of the anthocyanins found in the wine or the crushed skins. The anthocyanin profile of the wines was quite different from that of the grape skins, whereas the crushed grape skins had a profile very similar to the profile of the grape skins at the time of harvest. Any differences in the proportions of the different anthocyanins found in Monastrell grapes and wines cannot therefore be attributed to different rates of extraction for each of the anthocyanins during winemaking. Other explanations, such as degradation or yeast cell wall adsorption, must be sought.     

Uptake of [14C]-Aflatoxin B1 by Liver and Kidney Slices of Different Animal Species

Summary Uptake of aflatoxin [¹⁴C]-B₁ by the liver and kidney slices of different animal species clearly indicates that the transport of the toxin to different organs of the respective species is not the major cause for the reported variation in the species susceptibility to aflatoxin.

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Aufnahme des Aflatoxin B₁-C¹⁴ durch Leber- und Nierenschnitte verschiedener Spezies

Zusammenfassung Die Aufnahme von Aflatoxin B₁-C¹⁴ durch Leber- und Nierenschnitte verschiedener Spezies zeigt eindeutig, daß der Transport des Toxins zu den einzelnen Organen der betreffenden Spezies nicht die Hauptursache für die beobachtete Variation in der Speziesempfindlichkeit gegenüber Aflatoxin ist.

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This investigation was supported in part by a PL-480 grant, No. FG-IN-438     

Release of wine monoterpenes from natural precursors by glycosidases from Oenococcus oeni

It is now well established that wine-related lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Oenococcus oeni, possess glycosidase activities that positively contribute to wine aroma through the hydrolysis of grape-derived aroma precursors. In our recent studies, we have identified and characterised several LAB glycosidases with potential in these terms. Here, we report that both a glucosidase and an arabinosidase from O. oeni can release high amounts of monoterpenes from natural substrates under optimal conditions, indicating that these intracellular enzymes might play a significant role in the hydrolysis of aroma precursors during malolactic fermentation. The enzymes from O. oeni exhibited broad substrate specificities (release of both primary/tertiary terpene alcohols) and were even active in grape juice. Further, a sensory panel clearly preferred enzyme-treated Riesling wines over the controls and affirmed that the glycosidases from O. oeni could improve the typical Riesling aroma.     

葡萄酒及葡萄皮渣提取物抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性研究

建立乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂体外筛选模型,对不同的葡萄酒及葡萄皮渣提取物等19种样品进行了乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制作用的研究。结果显示白葡萄酒几乎无乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,红葡萄酒对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有不同的抑制活性,抑制率最高为山葡萄酒,其抑制率为11.12%。葡萄皮渣的水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取物,具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,其抑制率分别为3.91%、18.25%、20.76%,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑制效果最好。红葡萄酒和葡萄皮渣的乙酸乙酯提取物可作为辅助治疗阿尔茨海默病的先导化合物进行深入研究。