超磁致伸缩多层悬臂梁的场致弯曲

利用四参量模型系统研究了由超磁致伸缩（GMS）薄膜材料制备的多层悬臂梁的弯曲问题，其中包括GMS/NMS（非磁衬底）、GMS/GMS、GMS/NMS，GMS等悬臂梁体系．针对此3类悬臂梁研究了它们的弯曲挠度等弯曲特性与构成悬臂梁的各种参数的关系，为进一步设计和优化新型悬臂梁体系给出了一些建议性结论．计算结果表明，GMS/GMS双层悬臂梁，其挠度最大值总是大于具有相同几何结构的其它悬臂梁体系。当在悬臂梁系统中需要使用非磁衬底时，较软而且较薄的衬底有益于得到更大的弯曲挠度，相比之下，两层薄膜较硬，因此薄膜不宜过厚．两层磁致伸缩材料的最优厚度比主要由两层材料的弹性模量比决定，即较软的薄膜需有较大的厚度。由于弯曲后悬臂梁自由端位移向下．因此较硬的磁致伸缩薄膜2（沉积在衬底下表面上的薄膜）有益于增加GMS/NMS/GMS3层悬臂梁的挠度．     

TbDyFe磁致伸缩薄膜悬臂梁弯曲性能的研究

以TbDyFe磁致伸缩薄膜悬臂梁为研究对象,采用有限元分析方法(FEM)对薄膜厚度及薄膜与衬底材料的弹性模量比对悬臂梁最大挠度值的影响规律进行了研究.通过FEM计算发现:当薄膜厚度小于衬底厚度的十分之一时,最大挠度值随薄膜厚度线性增加,计算结果与文献的理论计算结果吻合很好;当薄膜厚度为衬底厚度的一半时,悬臂梁的自由端挠度值达到最大.磁性薄膜与衬底材料有效弹性膜量比值的增加可以显著地提高悬臂梁的挠度值,同时挠度最大值向薄膜/衬底厚度比减少的方向移动.     

磁致伸缩铺层阻尼板壳结构的振动分析

通过理论分析讨论了含磁致伸缩材料和黏弹性材料铺层的层合板壳结构的频率和损失因子。假设黏弹性层仅发生剪切变形, 对磁致伸缩层应用偏置磁场下的线性本构, 推导得到由磁致伸缩层、黏弹性层、复合材料基本层组成的约束阻尼薄壳结构的运动方程, 并求得结构振动频率和损失因子的解。对板、曲板等算例的计算结果表明, 用磁致伸缩材料作约束层可使层合结构损失因子提高。      

预屈曲超磁致伸缩材料层合梁的混沌研究

根据基底的柔性力学特性和上下超磁致伸缩材料（GMM）薄膜镀层,考虑梁的几何非线性后用哈密尔顿变分原理建立了两端简支的层合梁在预屈曲情况下的动力学模型,并求得屈曲的挠度。利用Galerkin方法将运动方程离散为一个常微分参数激励模型以梁中点静态挠度为特征尺度对系统无量纲化。利用结合复规范型理论的待定固有频率法研究了轴向激励幅值对系统固有频率的影响,根据待定固有频率法的结果和时间尺度变化改进了系统同宿轨道的表达式,提高了计算模型在参数激励下发生混沌的阈值的精度。数值模拟的结果证明了此途径的有效性。     

TbFe巨磁致伸缩薄膜材料的研究进展

对TbFe巨磁致伸缩薄膜材料的研究进展进行了综述.主要对TbFe巨磁致伸缩薄膜材料的应用前景和提高TbFe巨磁致伸缩薄膜材料的低场磁致伸缩性能的方法进行了总结,指出了TbFe磁致伸缩薄膜研究中存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

TbFe/Fe交换耦合磁致伸缩多层膜的制备

采用双靶磁控溅射法制备了 TbFe/Fe交换耦合磁致伸缩多层膜,考察了热处理时间、Fe层厚度、溅射功率以及Ar气分压对多层膜低场磁致伸缩性能的影响。研究结果表明:TbFe 磁致伸缩层与软磁 Fe层之间通过交换耦合作用以及热处理能明显提高薄膜的软磁性能和磁致伸缩性能;TbFe/Fe多层膜的磁致伸缩性能对热处理时间、Fe 层厚度、溅射功率、Ar 气分压等薄膜沉积参数十分敏感;与 TbFe 磁致伸缩薄膜相比TbFe/Fe交换耦合磁致伸缩多层膜水平方向的矫顽力从 16kA/m降低到 9.6 kA/m。在外加磁场为8000 A/m条件下,TbFe/Fe磁致伸缩多层膜最大磁致伸缩系数可达1.58×10-4。     

超磁致伸缩薄膜研究进展

综述了近几年国内外超磁致伸缩单层膜、多层膜的研究进展;介绍了超磁致伸缩薄膜的制备方法与性能表征;论述了TbDyFe单层薄膜的磁致伸缩和磁学性能以及其成分、应力、热处理、衬底温度等性能的影响因素;详述了超磁致伸缩多层膜组成和结构类型;讨论了热处理、磁场诱导和单层膜厚对多层膜在低场下磁致伸缩和磁学性能的影响,评述和展望了超磁致伸缩薄膜的国内外研发应用现状和发展趋势.     

电容位移测量仪的校准与薄膜的磁致伸缩测量

自制了一套电容位移测量仪的校准装置，并对DWS型电容位移测量仪进行了校准和标定，使位移测量仪在较宽的量程范围内获得的悬臂梁位移测量值的误差≤5％。通过采用经改进校准和标定的位移测量仪，利用悬臂梁-电容法测定了稀土超磁致伸缩薄膜样品的磁致伸缩系数λ，提高了测量精度。     

特种起重机伸缩臂振动特性建模分析与试验

为研究某新型特种起重机作业过程中伸缩臂带载伸展时的振动特性,将伸缩臂等效为固定支撑的阶梯式变截面悬臂梁和进行伸展运动的变长度悬臂梁。基于梁振动的微分方程与模态叠加理论建立了伸缩臂带载伸展时臂架振动的数学模型。采用Rayleigh-Ritz法,结合梁的边界条件得到了各级臂振动的固有频率和在等效冲击载荷作用下臂端的坐标响应,进而得到振动位移曲线。对理论结果分析可知,伸缩臂的自身臂架结构和伸展速度是影响臂节振动的主要因素,臂节刚度越小、伸展速度越快,臂架振动位移越大。依托改装后的HIAB-033T型起重臂为试验平台进行试验研究,试验结果与理论结果基本一致,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

张应力对TbDy-Fe RGMF磁性能的影响

通过离子束溅射沉积法制备了受不同张应力作用的TbDy-Fe稀土超磁致伸缩薄膜样品。借助LK-G150激光微位移传感器和交变梯度磁强计分别测试薄膜的悬臂梁自由端偏转量与磁滞回线,通过微磁学模拟软件OOMMF模拟计算不同张应力作用下薄膜的磁性能;研究张应力对薄膜磁致伸缩性能及软磁性能的影响。结果表明:张应力能显著提高薄膜的低场磁敏性,但其饱和磁致伸缩性能有所降低;模拟计算结果与实验结果均表明:随着薄膜所受张应力的增加,薄膜的矫顽力逐渐减小,软磁性能得到了改善。     

Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Dynamic Responses of Beams Laminated with Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators

This paper presents some simulation results of nonlinear dynamic responses for a laminated composite beam embedded by actuators of the giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D) subjected to external magnetic fields, where the giant magnetostrictive materials utilizing the realignment of magnetic moments in response to applied magnetic fields generate nonlinear strains and forces significantly larger than those generated by other smart materials. To utilize the full potential application of the materials in the function and safety designs, e.g., active control of vibrations, the analysis of dynamic responses is requested in the designs as accurately as possible on the basis of those inherent nonlineary constitutive relations among stain, force and applied magnetic field existed in the materials. Here, a numerical code for the nonlinear vibration of laminated beams is proposed on the basis of a nonlinearly coupling constitutive model which fully behaves for the characteristics what are measured in experiments. It is found from this code that the natural frequency of the laminated beams changes with both the bias magnetic field and the pre-stresses, and the dynamic responses excited by an alternating magnetic field of simple harmonic form display strong nonlinear characteristics, for example, the frequency multiplication and the ultraharmonic resonance phenomena.     

高量程MEMS加速度计灌封后的动态响应

对双悬臂梁高量程MEMS加速度传感器的封装结构进行了1×105g峰值的半正弦加速度冲击载荷下的有限元响应分析。灌封胶弹性模量的变化对加速度计的输出信号(输出电压、悬臂梁的挠度)的影响可以忽略。输出电压曲线的峰值与解析解接近。加速度计的悬臂梁表现为有阻尼下的受迫振动,并表现出悬臂梁的固有频率特性。输出信号的峰值与加速度载荷的峰值均呈很好的线性关系。灌封胶的弹性模量大于4GPa时胶已经足够硬,适宜用于保护芯片。     

电机定子硅钢片磁致伸缩效应引起的振动

为了研究磁致伸缩效应对电机定子硅钢片的影响,建立磁-机械耦合数值模型,研究了在磁致伸缩作用下电机定子的振动情况,得到电机定子硅钢片的振动主要为供电频率的一倍频与二倍频。设计了一种仿真实验模型,模拟电机中的磁场走向,线圈与无取向硅钢片不接触,这样无取向硅钢片上只存在由变化磁场导致的磁致伸缩力;通过改变硅钢片的位置,分析磁场不同走向下磁致伸缩效应对无取向硅钢片应力特性的影响,得到无取向硅钢片主要振动频率为供电频率的一倍频和二倍频,且硅钢片处于不同位置时影响其振动的主要频率不同;在磁路发生偏转时造成无取向硅钢片在供电频率一倍频处振动明显。同时设计了实验,测量变化磁场下无取向硅钢片上的振动信号,对仿真结果进行验证,与仿真结果相符合。     

Dynamic micromagnetic field measurement by stroboscopic electronbeam tomography

A stroboscopic electron beam tomography system for measuring the dynamic micromagnetic field of recording heads is presented. A pulsed electron beam, which is synchronized with the recording head driver, is scanned along the recording head surface from all directions. Integration of the magnetic field intensity along the beam path is calculated from the electron beam deflection angle. Intensity distributions of the dynamic magnetic field are calculated using a tomographic reconstruction algorithm. To obtain enough current even in pulsed electron beam operation, a high-brightness Ti/W thermal field emitter is used. This system was successfully applied in measuring the field distributions of a thin-film recording head, with 0.1 μm spatial resolution and 1 ns time resolution at an operation frequency of 30 MHz     

计及结构阻尼的等截面梁纯弯曲振动的非线性分析

针对考虑挠度微分方程中高阶项所引起的几何非线性及材料阻尼所引起的阻尼非线性的梁，建立了梁纯弯曲振动时的非线性运动方程。利用非线性理论对该非线性问题进行了研究，得到了周期解稳定和不稳定区域的分界线方程和频率响应方程，得到忽略梁非线性因素的条件，得到了梁挠度微分方程中高阶项所引起的几何非线性项具有软特性效应等四点结论。     

Dynamic response in magnetic force control using a laminate composite of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials

We investigate the dynamic response of a magnetic force control device composed of a laminate composite of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric material. The device exploits the inverse magnetostrictive effect of a magnetostrictive material so that the variation in the magnetization of the material, and hence the magnetic force in a magnetic circuit, can be controlled with a voltage to the piezoelectric material. Here, we compare the voltage-induced frequency responses of the admittance and flux (magnetic force) between the new device and a conventional electromagnet in order to identify the factors that degrade the response of the device. A finite-element calculation of the modal shape of the composite supports the observed correlation between the vibration of the composite and the flux in the gap in dynamic response.     

可调永磁双稳态非线性能量阱及应用研究

为了实现对主系统的宽频振动抑制,研发了一种可调的双稳态非线性能量阱(BNES)。介绍了BNES的结构和工作原理;其次分析了BNES的刚度构成以及其非线性动力学特性,并建立了悬臂梁-BNES系统动力学微分方程;采用数值方法探究了不同磁铁间距时的BNES对悬臂梁瞬态时域振动抑制效果和稳态频域的宽频抑振能力;对两组不同的悬臂梁系统进行了实验,验证了不同磁铁间距时的双稳态非线性能量阱的宽频振动抑制能力。研究结果表明,该BNES对悬臂梁的瞬态时域响应和稳态频域响应都有很好的振动抑制能力。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics and Optimal Control of Giant Magnetostrictive Laminated Plate Subjected to In-plane Stochastic Excitation

In this paper, nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of giant magnetostrictive laminated plate (GMLP) subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation were studied. Von del Pol nonlinear item was introduced to interpret the hysteresis phenomenon of the strain–magnetic field intensity curve of giant magnetostrictive material, and the nonlinear dynamic model of GMLP subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation was developed. Local and global stochastic stabilities were analyzed according to largest Lyapunov exponent theory and singular boundary theory. The functions of steady-state probability density and joint probability density were obtained, and the condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation was analyzed. The reliability function was solved from backward Kolmogorov equation, and the probability density of the first-passage time was obtained. Finally, the optimal control strategy was proposed in stochastic dynamic programming method. Numerical simulation shows that the stability of the solution varies with parameter, and stochastic Hopf bifurcation appears in the process; the reliability of the system was improved by optimal control, and the first-passage time was delayed. The result is helpful to engineering applications of GMLP.     

Improvement in dynamic properties of laminated MWCNT-polystyrene composite beams via an integrated numerical–experimental approach

A new concept for the optimization of dynamic behavior of laminated nanocomposites is introduced where fiber orientation factor in continuous fiber-reinforced composites is replaced by different wt.% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in each layer. First, at a design concept level, an optimum distribution of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) through the thickness of a typical cantilever beam is sought to achieve its highest fundamental natural frequency for a given weight percent of MWCNTs. This is done using a finite element (FE) model in ABAQUS along with a user-defined Python code. Next, based on the obtained optimum distribution, actual laminated MWCNT/polystyrene (PS) composite beams were fabricated and their effective stiffness, fundamental natural frequencies and damping ratios were measured through static deflection and free vibration tests. It was found that the optimum distribution of MWCNTs resulted in an increase of 21.9% and 10.4% in the effective Young’s modulus and the fundamental damped natural frequency values, respectively, which were almost two-fold higher than those of a beam with a uniform MWCNT distribution. In addition, compared to a pure polymer beam, 38.9% and 27.8% improvements in the damping ratio of the uniformly and optimally distributed MWCNT polymer composite beams were achieved.     

Detection and response characteristics of giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated cantilevers under cyclic bending

We examine the detection and response characteristics of giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated cantilevers under cyclic bending in a combined numerical and experimental approach. The laminate is fabricated using thin Terfenol-D and PZT layers. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted, and the dynamic electromagneto-mechanical fields in the two-layered magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate were predicted by introducing a second-order magnetoelastic constant of Terfenol-D. The tip deflection, induced voltage, and induced magnetic field were also measured, and experimental data were compared with numerical simulations to verify the model. The effects of load ratio and frequency on the dynamic electromagneto-mechanical fields were then discussed in detail. The finite element method is shown to be capable of estimating the dynamic electromagneto-mechanical fields in the giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated cantilevers, making it a useful tool for designing future electronic devices with self-sensing or energy harvesting capabilities.