磁共振扩散加权成像在兔VX2肝移植瘤研究中的应用价值

目的 探讨兔VX2肝移植瘤模型磁共振成像(MRI)及扩散加权成像(DWI)的成像参数及图像特征.方法 将传代兔瘤块种植到30只新西兰纯种大白兔的肝左叶,建立兔VX2肝移植瘤模型.接种后用二维超声监测肿瘤长至1～2 cm大小,用头线圈进行MRI成像及DWI检查.结果 肿瘤的接种成功率为100%,2周后可在B超下监测到肿瘤.2～3周肿瘤生长最旺盛,其体积迅速增大.T1WI肿瘤呈稍低信号或等信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号;增强初期可见肿瘤明显强化,后强化程度较前减低,与肝实质强化程度相近.DWI扩散敏感因子(b值)在350、550 s/mm2和1000 s/mm2时,对应的肝组织和肿瘤组织的ADC值分别为(3.0732±0.5326)±10-3mm2/8和(1.7900 4-0.5310)×10-3mm2/s;(2.7204±0.4726)× 10-3mm2/s和(1.5611±0.2007)±10-3mm2/s;(2.0843±0.3312)×10-3mm2/s和(1.2000±0.2148)×10-3mm2/s.b值增大,肝脏组织和肿瘤组织ADC值减小.结论 随着b值增大,肝组织和肿瘤病灶ADC值呈下降趋势.b值大小影响DWI上肿瘤的显示及信号强度.     

MR DWI监测兔肝VX2肿瘤的实验研究

目的:探讨兔肝VX2肿瘤的MR扩散加权成像(DWI)的成像参数与成像特征。方法:10只新西兰大白兔(雄性,2.5±0.3 kg),9只经手术制作肝VX2肿瘤模型,分别于种植前、种植后第7天、第14天及第21天行MR DWI检查,b值分别设为100、200、300、400、500和600 s/mm2,使用EPI-SE序列,扫描时间为30 s。由扩散加权序列产生表观扩散系数图(ADC map)。兴趣区(ROI)以DWI为参考手工绘制,计算平均ADC值。以ADC值作为统计指标,使用随机区组的双因素方差分析及SNK法进行统计处理。结果:兔肝VX2瘤在DWI上呈明显高信号,边缘清楚。不同b值时正常肝脏与VX2瘤组织的ADC值差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。随着b值的增大,病灶与周围肝组织对比度降低,同时病灶内部的ADC变异度降低。b值为400 s/mm2以上时,同一ROI所得的ADC值之间差异无统计学意义,b值100、200和300 s/mm2时,同一ROI所得的ADC值差异有统计学意义。结论:DWI在发现、追踪肝脏VX2瘤生长过程有重要价值,在肝脏DWI成像参数中b值选择400 s/mm2以下比较合适。     

急性肾盂肾炎ADC值及与降钙素原相关性的初步研究

【摘要】目的：探讨急性肾盂肾炎（APN）ADC值改变及与降钙素原（PCT）的相关性。方法：8例APN患者行DWI检查（b值＝800s/mm2），测量APN病灶与对侧正常肾实质的ADC值并记录DWI检查12h内的PCT水平，采用两独立样本t检验比较APN病灶与对侧正常肾实质之间的ADC值，采用pearson相关及线性回归分析APN病灶ADC值与PCT值的相关性。结果：APN病灶与对侧正常肾实质的ADC值差异有统计学意义［分别为（1.38±0.09）×10-3和（2.14±0.14）×10-3mm2/s，t＝11.725，P＜0.001］，APN病灶ADC值与PCT值呈负相关（r=-0.786，P=0.021）。结论：APN病灶的ADC值明显降低，且降低程度与PCT之间有一定相关性，提示ADC值可能反映APN的炎症反应程度。     

不同b值扩散加权MRI诊断肝脏局灶性病变的初步研究

目的:探讨不同b值磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)系列分析及表观扩散系数(ADC)值对肝脏常见局灶性病变定性诊断的价值.方法:对45例肝脏常见局灶性病变(15例肝癌,18例肝血管瘤,12例肝囊肿)行不同b值DWI (b=600 s/mm2,1000 s/mm2,2000 s/mm2),观察病灶DWI信号强度连续变化并计测表观扩散系数(ADC)值.结果:肝癌不同b值DWI均表现为高信号,随b值增加,病灶信号强度无显著性改变(P＞0.05);肝血管瘤DWI (b=600 s/mm2)表现为高信号,DWI (b=1000 s/mm2,2000 s/mm2)表现为高或等信号,随b值增加,病灶信号强度降低(P＜0.05);肝囊肿DWI (b=600)表现为高、等或低信号,DWI (b=1000 s/mm2,2000 s/mm2)表现为低信号,随b值增加,囊肿信号强度降低(P＜0.05).随b值增加,肝癌、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿的ADC值均逐渐降低(P＜0.05).结论:不同b值DWI系列分析可能鉴别诊断肝脏常见局灶性病变.     

前列腺癌的MR扩散成像初步研究

目的初步评价MR扩散成像(DWI)对前列腺癌的诊断可行性。方法28例前列腺癌患者及20例前列腺正常的对照组受试者行MR DWI检查,使用回波平面扩散张量成像序列,b值为1000s/mm2。测量正常前列腺外周带及前列腺癌区域的表观扩散系数(ADC)值。同时测量每位受检者膀胱区域的ADC值。结果48例中44例(91.7%)获得前列腺外周带和膀胱的ADC值。24例前列腺癌灶的ADC值为(0.35±0.06)×10-3mm2/s,20例正常前列腺外周带的ADC值为(1·35±0.30)×10-3mm2/s,前列腺癌灶较正常前列腺外周带ADC值低(t=11.99,P=0.00)。前列腺癌患者膀胱的ADC值为(1.27±0.21)×10-3mm2/s,对照组膀胱ADC值为(1.29±0.30)×10-3mm2/s,2组之间差异无统计学意义(t=1.15,P=0.48)。结论MR DWI可用于前列腺的检查。前列腺癌灶与正常前列腺外周带ADC值的差别有可能用于前列腺癌的鉴别诊断。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肝外胆管癌诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值对肝外胆管癌的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析58例经手术病理证实的肝外胆管癌患者的MRI原始资料,包括不同b值的DWI(b值为100 s/mm2、300 s/mm2、500 s/mm2、800 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2)及常规MRI平扫(T2WI、T1WI)。测量不同b值时肝外胆管癌病灶ADC值,计算病灶与正常肝脏间对比噪声比(CNR),根据HE染色病理图片记录肝外胆管癌细胞密度,并进行分析。结果 DWI对肝外胆管癌病灶的信号显示优于T2WI及T1WI。随着b值的增大,病灶ADC值逐渐降低,病灶与正常肝脏间CNR呈逐渐下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同b值时,肝外胆管癌病灶ADC值与细胞密度之间均呈负相关(P<0.05);b=800 s/mm2时,其相关性最高(r=-0.81,P<0.05)。结论 DWI能较清楚地显示肝外胆管癌病灶,b值为800 s/mm2时最佳,与ADC值测量共同分析,有助于肝外胆管癌病灶的检出。     

脑内环形强化病变的MR扩散加权成像

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)对脑内环形强化病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性研究93例脑内环形强化病变的MRDWI表现,所有病变均经临床追踪或手术病理证实,包括胶质瘤21例、转移瘤26例、化脓性脑脓肿13例、脑囊虫18例、亚急性脑血肿15例。以对侧正常脑实质为参考标准,分别计算各组病变其环内、环壁及灶周水肿在扩散加权像、指数扩散系数像上的信号强度比率;分别测量各组病变环内、环壁、灶周水肿、对侧正常脑组织及脑脊液的表观扩散系数(ADC)值。结果在DWI上,化脓性脑脓肿及亚急性脑血肿的环内为显著高信号,其ADC值降低,分别为(0·56±0·20)×10-3mm2/s、(0·69±0·16)×10-3mm2/s;胶质瘤、转移瘤及脑囊虫的环内为明显低信号,其ADC值增加,分别为(2·76±0·41)×10-3mm2/s、(2·31±0·39)×10-3mm2/s、(2·10±0·32)×10-3mm2/s,前2组与后3组病变间的ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0·001);各组病变环壁及灶周水肿的扩散加权信号及ADC值差异无统计学意义。所有病灶在指数扩散系数像上的信号强度比率要比扩散加权像减低。结论MRDWI在脑内环形强化病变的鉴别诊断上有重要价值,在临床工作中应将T2WI、DWI、指数扩散系数像及ADC图一起观察分析。     

MR扩散加权成像在肝脏占位性病变中的应用

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值在肝脏占位性病变诊断的价值.方法 对53例正常及100例肝占位性病变患者行DWI检查,并测量ADC值.包括肝细胞癌24例,肝转移瘤31例,肝血管瘤19例及肝囊肿26例. 结果正常肝组织ADC值为(1.52±0.24)×10-3mm2/s;肝细胞癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿ADC值分别为(1.38±0.37)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.71±0.78)×10-3 mm2/s、(2.41±0.51)×10-3 mm2/s、(3.96±0.76)×10-3 mm2/s,肝恶性肿瘤与肝囊肿、肝血管瘤ADC值存在统计学意义(P＜0.05).在DWI图像上,肝囊肿呈低或等信号,肝血管瘤呈稍高信号,肝癌和转移瘤呈高信号.结论 分析DWI图像特点及ADC值在肝脏占位性病灶中的鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

DWI结合T2WI在包膜期脑脓肿与囊性转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)结合T2WI在包膜期脑脓肿和囊性脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理或临床随访证实的23例包膜期脑脓肿和24例脑囊性转移瘤患者的MRI常规平扫、增强及DWI检查资料,b值取0、500 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2,根据信噪比(SNR)及图像质量指数(QI)取最佳b值的DWI,分别测量病灶囊变区、囊壁、对侧正常脑组织平均ADC值并计算3项rADC值,两组间采用两独立样本t检验进行统计学分析.结果 包膜期脑脓肿T2WI低信号暗带及靶环征是鉴别囊性转移瘤的MRI特征性表现.取b值1000s/mm2时,脑囊性转移瘤囊变坏死区DWI呈低信号22例,高信号1例,囊变坏死区、囊壁、对侧正常脑组织平均ADC值分别为(0.64±0.14)×10-3mm2/s、(1.56 ±0.17)×10-3mm2/s、(0.79±0.18)×10-3mm2/s,脑囊性转移瘤囊壁rADC值、病灶rADC值、囊液rADC值分别为1.19±0.37、0.48 ±0.25、2.74±0.75.包膜期脑脓肿囊液DWI呈高信号,包膜期脑脓肿囊变区、囊壁、对侧正常脑组织平均ADC值分别为(2.10±0.28)×10-3mm2/s、(1.51±0.09)×10-3mm2/s、(0.81±0.15)×10-3mm2/s,包膜期脑脓肿囊壁rADC值、病灶rADC值、囊液rADC值分别为1.37±0.48、1.49±0.62、0.95±0.50.包膜期脑脓肿与脑囊性转移瘤囊液ADC值、病灶rADC值、囊液rADC值差异均有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),囊壁ADC值、囊壁rADC值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 包膜期脑脓肿壁上T2WI特征性的低信号暗带及靶环征有别于囊性转移瘤,b值=1000 s/mm2时囊液DWI、囊液ADC值、病灶rADC值、囊液rADC值能有效反映包膜期脑脓肿与囊性脑转移瘤的不同囊液性质,DWI结合T2WI对包膜期脑脓肿与囊性脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

扩散加权成像对局灶性肝癌血供分析的诊断价值

目的探讨不同b值下,磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对局灶性肝癌的血供分析的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经临床诊断或病理证实的31例原发性肝癌和30例转移性肝癌行MRI动态增强扫描和DWI扫描,按照增强动脉期的表现分为富血供组(42个病灶)和乏血供组(47个病灶);观察b值分别为50、500s/mm2时的DWI图像特征,并测量病灶的ADC值。结果 b值为50s/mm2时,富血供病灶组DWI图像上为均匀稍高或高信号,平均ADC值为(3.56±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s,乏血供病灶组DWI呈均匀稍高信号,平均ADC值为(2.50±0.19)×10-3 mm2/s;同时对12个内部血供不均匀的病灶观察,在DWI图像上病灶内信号呈不均匀改变,b值为50s/mm2时富血供区较乏血供区信号下降更明显。在b=50s/mm2时,富血供病灶与乏血供病灶的ADC值有统计学差异(t=2.37,P<0.05)。结论依据磁共振DWI图像特点和ADC值测量,MRI对肝脏局灶性肝癌的血供分析具有一定的价值。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.