红外耳温计实验室误差的不确定度评定

本文对红外耳温计实验室误差的不确定度进行了分析,对相关的测量模型、标准不确定度、扩展不确定度等进行了阐述.     

红外耳温计的校准

建立了红外耳温计校准装置,在30～50℃范围内黑体辐射源温度的扩展不确定度为38mK (k=2).对影响红外耳温计校准结果的主要因素开展实验研究,提出红外耳温计校准实验条件.     

检定红外耳温计测得值不确定度评定

根据JJG 1164-2019《红外耳温计检定规程》,确定红外耳温计检定结果的测量模型,分析探寻可能影响不确定度的因素;通过对标准器示值、温场、红外耳温计示值、发射率修正及数据修约等多方面的数据分析,对检定红外耳温计的测得值不确定度进行分析.     

红外耳温计两种计量技术法规的区别

本文比较了JJF 1107-2003《测量人体温度的红外温度计校准规范》与JJG 1164-2019《红外耳温计检定规程》两种计量技术规范计量红外耳温计的具体区别,为相关从业者带来参考.     

新型空腔式黑体辐射源设计及不确定度评定

为促进恒温槽内空腔黑体与载热工质之间的热交换,提出了一种附加被动扰流装置的黑体空腔辐射源的设计方法.通过新设计的空腔外壁微扰动结构,对载热工质施加干扰,使流体热边界层破坏并再生,利用热边界层初段传热强度高的原理强化传热.此设计既可以提高换热系数,又可以增加换热面积,减少空腔与载热工质达到热平衡所需的时间.对新型的耳温计...     

测量人体温度的额温计温度测量结果的不确定度评定

本文详细介绍了测量人体温度的额温计温度测量结果的不确定度评定方法。     

参考黑体辐射源校准方法和不确定度评定

依据现行的黑体辐射源校准规范,采用比较法对参考黑体辐射源进行校准,以某所黑体辐射源标准装置为例,介绍了校准原理,装置的组成以及相关性能分析,最后依据该装置对参考黑体辐射源进行不确定度的评定。     

便携式黑体计量炉的设计和研究

本文设计了一款基于半导体片加热制冷的便携式黑体计量炉,温度范围为(-20^+150)℃,采用微型水冷散热系统,迅速带走半导体片背面热量,从而达到升温速率优于13℃/min,降温速率优于18℃/min。对黑体计量炉的设计原理和三个关键技术及相应的解决方法进行了阐述。最后,通过对样机测试,证明其控温精度,温度均匀性和稳定性符合技术指标,并对研究的成果做了总结。     

Experience in evaluating the data of inter-laboratory comparisons for calibration and verification laboratories

Results are presented for approval and comparative analysis of the suggested algorithms and criteria for actual experimental data of inter-laboratory comparisons performed in calibration and verification laboratories of the Belorussian Republic. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 6. pp. 15–21, June, 2007. The article was written for presentation at the fourth international seminar “Mathematical, statistical, and computer support for the quality of measurements.” (see Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, Nos. 2–5, 2007).     

时间频率远程校准的数据分析与算法设计

依据国家计量技术规范JJF1206-2008《频率标准与数字时钟的远程校准规范》的要求,并在上海计量测试技术研究院时间频率科室现有硬件基础上,通过校准软件程序的数据分析与算法设计等方法,实现对频率源的远程校准.系统建立了比对结果数据库,并对技术规范中的两种算法进行了比较,最后给出校准结果,经验证比对,远程校准数据可靠.     

A modified procedure of the reciprocity method for calibrating hydrophones in a free field

A modified measurement procedure which enables the effect of interference distortion on the results of the calibration of a hydrophone in a free field to be reduced is considered. It includes a measurement of the transfer impedance for different distances between the radiator and the receiver, a determination of the coordinates of the sources of the scattered waves, and an estimation of the reduced transfer impedances of the radiators and receivers in an unperturbed field. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 48–52, December, 2007.     

A simple engineering calibration for platinum resistance thermometers in the temperature range 4.2 K - 273 K

We describe how a simple two-point calibration of a platinum resistance thermometer can be used to deduce the resistance-temperature relationship in the range 4.2 K ? T ? 273 K. This relationship is established by comparing the unknown thermometer to two carefully calibrated platinum resistance thermometers. This technique produces an accuracy of (0.1 – 0.3) K. This accuracy should be adequate for many engineering applications.     

比较法校准氦真空参考漏孔漏率及合成不确定度评定

直接比对法是氦质谱检漏仪在稳定工作和引入气体相同条件下,将参考漏孔流出的氦气和标准漏孔提供的已知流量的氦气分别引入校准室中,用氦质谱检漏仪分别测量氦气产生的离子流,通过比较两次离子流的测量值计算出参考漏孔漏率的一种校准方法。这种校准范围为1×10-7Pa.m3/s~1×10-10Pa.m3/s。对同一参考漏孔,采用同样的校准测量,可以采用高斯分布统计的方法获得校准不确定度,其他不确定度分量由氦质谱检漏仪组成的校准装置决定,其合成相对不确定度可达到10%。     

A single-loop optimization method for reliability analysis with second order uncertainty

Reliability analysis may involve random variables and interval variables. In addition, some of the random variables may have interval distribution parameters owing to limited information. This kind of uncertainty is called second order uncertainty. This article develops an efficient reliability method for problems involving the three aforementioned types of uncertain input variables. The analysis produces the maximum and minimum reliability and is computationally demanding because two loops are needed: a reliability analysis loop with respect to random variables and an interval analysis loop for extreme responses with respect to interval variables. The first order reliability method and nonlinear optimization are used for the two loops, respectively. For computational efficiency, the two loops are combined into a single loop by treating the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimal conditions of the interval analysis as constraints. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.     

An efficient hybrid reliability analysis method with random and interval variables

Random and interval variables often coexist. Interval variables make reliability analysis much more computationally intensive. This work develops a new hybrid reliability analysis method so that the probability analysis (PA) loop and interval analysis (IA) loop are decomposed into two separate loops. An efficient PA algorithm is employed, and a new efficient IA method is developed. The new IA method consists of two stages. The first stage is for monotonic limit-state functions. If the limit-state function is not monotonic, the second stage is triggered. In the second stage, the limit-state function is sequentially approximated with a second order form, and the gradient projection method is applied to solve the extreme responses of the limit-state function with respect to the interval variables. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated by three examples.     

Fixed point on the basis of Ga-In eutectic alloy for rapid monitoring of thermometers and temperature measurement systems

A fixed point based on Ga-In eutectic alloy with a phase transition temperature of 288.798 K (15.648°C) is proposed and studied. This temperature makes it possible to accomplish a phase transition without the use of external thermostat devices. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 26–30, May, 2008.     

温度计修正值不确定度评定方法的改进研究

"JCGM 100:2008"的温度计修正值不确定度评定案例中,模型为bt=y1+y2(t-20),自变量(t-20)与因变量修正值bt=(tR-t)间不独立,实质上选温度计示值t作自变量、标准值tR作因变量,前者的误差影响显著大于后者,这与应选误差影响可忽略的作自变量的原则相悖.案例中评定b(t′)的不确定度ubt′错用了求预测值置信区间的预测模型,应先改用tR作自变量拟合、再求反预测值tR(t′)及其置信区间的校准模型,我们在预测和校准两种情况下计算了ubt′以作比较.案例中limn→∞ubt′=0有逻辑性瑕疵.对自变量等距分布、自变量在区间两端集中各半这两种情形,算出其斜率标准差的期望值之比约槡3,否证了"测散布数据最小二乘拟合主要为减小因变量的独立同分布随机误差影响"的命题,初步导出"主要为减小因变量的具有随机性的未定系差分量影响"的推论,质疑了高斯-马尔科夫假定的普适性.考虑因变量标准差包含两类分量,提出了预测或校准(反预测)模型下的置信区间的调和近似算式.