凡纳滨对虾热休克蛋白70的原核高效表达

将凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）热休克蛋白70基因（heat shock protein 70，HSP70）克隆到原核表达载体pET-3c中，经酶切和DNA测序鉴定后，将重组质粒转入表达宿主BL21（DE3），在不同温度、时间下经IPTG诱导表达。收集菌液，进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测，并用软件Bandscan分析蛋白表达水平。结果表明，成功构建含凡纳滨对虾HSP70基因的重组表达载体pET-3c／HSP70，表达的目标蛋白相对分子量约为72kD，并能与小鼠抗人HSP70抗体特异性结合。37℃诱导5h目标蛋白表达量最高；但25℃诱导目标蛋白的可溶性比例达80％，目标蛋白占全菌总蛋白70％以上，均较37℃为高。     

脊尾白虾热休克蛋白HSP90基因的原核表达与鉴定

将脊尾白虾热休克蛋白90基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a中,经酶切验证和DNA测序鉴定后,将重组质粒转化表达宿主大肠杆菌Rosetta,优化温度、时间、IPTG和OD600表达条件进行诱导表达,收集菌液,进行SDS-PAGE和质谱检测,并用Quantity one软件分析蛋白表达水平。结果表明,成功构建了含脊尾白虾HSP90基因的重组表达载体pET-30a-HSP90,表达目的蛋白相对分子量为82.7kD,为HSP90蛋白。通过条件优化认为重组菌株Rosetta/pET-30a-HSP90的最佳诱导温度为37℃,最佳IPTG浓度为1.0mmol/L,最佳诱导时机和诱导时间分别为0.58h、7h。     

近江牡蛎HSC70基因对溶藻弧菌感染的反应

人工注射溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)感染近江牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis),通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测了近江牡蛎6种不同组织器官(外套膜、鳃、消化腺、闭壳肌、心脏和血细胞)中HSC70基因表达量的变化;同时采用平板活菌计数法测定了近江牡蛎不同组织器官中溶藻弧菌菌量的变化。结果显示,人工注射感染溶藻弧菌后,近江牡蛎6种组织器官中HSC70基因表达量均显著性升高(P<0.05),且随时间变化均呈现出先升高后恢复至对照水平的趋势;其中鳃组织中HSC70基因分别在第6小时和第72小时出现2次显著性高表达,且在第72小时的表达量高于第6小时(P<0.05)。在多数组织器官中,HSC70基因出现显著高表达后便急剧下降至对照水平,而在消化腺中高表达持续的时间长达18 h(第6 24小时)。在注射感染溶藻弧菌后第6小时,血细胞中HSC70基因的表达量达到峰值,接近于对照水平的15倍;而在其他组织器官中,该基因表达峰值仅为对照水平的2.5倍左右。人工注射感染溶藻弧菌后3 h,3种组织(消化腺、闭壳肌和血淋巴)中均能检测到溶藻弧菌的积累,其中闭壳肌中含菌量最高,6 h时闭壳肌中含菌量急剧下降,随后又增加并维持在一定水平直至72 h;消化腺中菌量随着时间推移而增加,到达峰值后又逐步下降;血淋巴中,溶藻弧菌含量整体上随时间不断增加,到48 h稳定在较高水平。各组织中HSC70表达量与溶藻弧菌含量之间存在一定的关联性,尤其在溶藻弧菌攻击的靶器官(消化腺)中最为明显。由此可见,病原菌感染可以诱导近江牡蛎HSC70基因高表达,并且HSC70可能参与了机体抗病原菌感染的相关作用,这为进一步研究近江牡蛎HSC70基因在抗病免疫中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

脊尾白虾热休克蛋白HSP70基因的克隆及其表达分析

克隆了脊尾白虾热休克蛋白基因全长cDNA,并进行了序列分析。该基因由2 250 bp的碱基组成,开放阅读框长1 959 bp,编码由652个氨基酸组成的蛋白,基因两翼分别存在83 bp(5′端)和208 bp(3′端)的非翻译区,将该基因命名为Ec-HSP70。与其它物种HSP70s氨基酸序列进行同源性比较发现,与甲壳动物的同源性都在90%以上,表明该蛋白属于热休克蛋白HSP70家族。聚类分析表明,脊尾白虾热休克蛋白氨基酸序列与中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾紧密聚为一支,之后聚类顺序依次为斑节对虾、日本囊对虾、刀额新对虾等。通过荧光定量RT-PCR对该基因在肝胰腺、肌肉的表达分析表明,温度、pH和氨氮胁迫都可以引起该基因的高表达,而且肝胰腺中的高表达时间相对肌肉中出现的较早。试验结果表明,温度、pH和氨氮胁迫对脊尾白虾HSP70基因表达有一定的诱导效果,但胁迫的时间过长则抑制其表达,肝胰腺对胁迫比肌肉较敏感。     

合浦珠母贝热休克蛋白hsp70基因的克隆与表达分析

采用同源克隆和RT-PCR技术对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)热休克蛋白hsp70基因进行了克隆和表达分析。获得cDNA全长序列2 365 bp,其中3’非编码区域(UTR)为318 bp,5’UTR为88 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 959 bp,编码652个氨基酸,分子量约为71.39 kD,理论等电点为5.22,并含有3个HSP70家族的签名序列IDLGTTYS、DLGGGTFD和EEVD。同源性分析表明,合浦珠母贝HSP70的氨基酸序列与太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)等双壳贝类的相似性高达86%以上,基于氨基酸序列的聚类分析表明,合浦珠母贝与牡蛎属种类亲缘关系最近。高温、高盐刺激后,半定量RT-PCR检测发现hsp70基因的表达明显增加,高温刺激的表达量高于高盐刺激,高温刺激组不同组织的表达量由大到小依次为鳃、消化腺、外套膜、肌肉、性腺,高盐刺激组不同组织的表达量由大到小依次为鳃、外套膜、肌肉、消化腺、性腺,表明HSP70参与了机体对刺激的应答过程。该基因的克隆为进一步深入研究合浦珠母贝的抗逆机理及其遗传改良奠定了重要基础。     

近江牡蛎

名称近江牡蛎(Ostrea riuularis Gould)，属软体幼物门、瓣鳃纲、异柱目、牡蛎科、牡蛎属。两广一带称蚝，福建叫做蚵、江浙一带称蛎黄，北方俗称海蛎子。是海产双壳类软体动物中经济价值较大的种类之一。     

构建近江牡蛎产业带，促进粤西广西沿海水产业发展

广西钦州市茅尾海是全国最大的近江牡蛎采苗基地，每年可生产近江牡蛎种苗1．5亿支（串），其中有部分种苗销往广东湛江、汕头、中山、台山等市及海南省进行养殖。近江牡蛎属滤食性贝类，主要滤食海水中的藻类，从理论上说，它是无公害产品。粤西与广西沿海一衣带水，气候与海洋环境十分相似，而近江牡蛎产品营养丰富，历来是消费者喜爱的食品，因此，构建粤西、广西沿海近江牡蛎产业带，将极大地促进两地渔农民的增收和水产业的发展。     

盐度骤降对近江牡蛎和长牡蛎能量收支的影响

采用实验生态学方法,研究了盐度骤降(盐度分别为10、20,自然海水为对照组)对近江牡蛎(Crassostreaariakensis)和长牡蛎(Crassastreagigas)生理代谢的影响.结果显示,盐度骤降对长牡蛎和近江牡蛎的耗氧率(OR)、排氨率(NR)、排粪率(FER)均有显著影响(P＜0.05),且2种牡蛎对...     

松江鲈热休克同源蛋白70(HSC70)的基因克隆与表达分析

采用表达序列标签(EST)和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)从松江鲈(Trachidermus fasciatus)体内克隆出一个热休克同源蛋白70(即TfHsc70).其全长2138 bp,理论分子量为71.1 kDa,等电点为5.27,并由一个1947 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)、一个78 bp的5′端未翻译区...     

太平洋牡蛎与近江牡蛎的种间杂交

为了评估太平洋牡蛎与近江牡蛎能否产生远缘杂种优势,于2010年5月,以成熟的两种牡蛎亲本为材料开展了2×2远缘杂交研究,由长牡蛎自繁组GG(Crassostrea gigas♀×C.gigas♂)、近江牡蛎自繁组AA(C.ariakensis♀×C.ariakensis♂)、正交组GA(Crassostreagigas♀×C.ariakensis♂)、反交组AG(C.ariakensis♀×C.gigas♂)4个实验组组成。分析了子代早期表型性状和杂种优势,并对杂交子代进行了遗传鉴定。结果表明:GA杂交组与AG组的受精强度具有不对称性。幼虫浮游期间,表型性状的中亲杂种优势几乎为0,GA组生长与存活性状表现出积极的单亲杂种优势,而AG组则具有明显的远交衰退现象;幼虫早期表型性状受到母本效应影响,而后减弱。变态期间,GA组变态率较高,得到了大量杂交稚贝;而AG组变态率极低,仅获得了72个杂交稚贝。稚贝培育期间,稚贝表现出中亲生长劣势与存活优势;GA组具有明显的单亲生长与存活优势,而AG组则表现出生长劣势并具有一定程度的存活优势。利用复合COI及ITS2鉴定了种间杂交子结果表明:正反交组杂交子均为真正意义上的两性融合杂交子。实验获得了具有显著杂种优势的GA组杂交子,为现有牡蛎的遗传改良提供了新的方向。     

Molecular cloning and expression of the heat shock protein 70 gene in the Kumamoto oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea sikamea</Emphasis>

Episodes of summer mortality of the Kumamoto oyster Crassostrea sikamea are a major problem for its cultivation. Expression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is induced by various environmental stresses, including heat. We cloned and sequenced hsp70 complementary DNA from C. sikamea to investigate the relationship between hsp70 expression and heat tolerance in this oyster. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed using gill tissue dissected from oysters before and after heat shock for 1 h. The results showed hsp70 expression was faster and greater in oysters cultured at 20–22 °C than at 10–12 °C, and survival was lower among oysters cultured at 20–22 °C than at 10–12 °C. Moreover, heat tolerance was investigated by a 1-h pre-heat treatment, followed by exposure to heat shock conditions 5 days later. Survival was higher and hsp70 expression was notably lower in oysters that received the pre-heat treatment compared with those that did not. We conclude that a pre-heat treatment of only 1 h may be useful for inducing heat tolerance in C. sikamea, and that a low level of hsp70 expression after heat shock is an important index in selecting for high heat tolerance in these oysters.     

热应激对剑尾鱼HSP70家族两成员基因表达的影响

采用RT-PCR方法扩增实验动物剑尾鱼（Xiphopohorus helleri）纯系RR-B的HSP70家族两个成员的eDNA片段，并将其克隆到PMD18-T载体中测序，将测序结果与GenBank中的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性比较。同时利用RT-PCR半定量方法研究热应激时两个成员在剑尾鱼组织中的表达。通过克隆获得了剑尾鱼的HSP70家族两个新成员的cDNA片段，两序列均包含HSP70家族的特征性签名序列和热休克蛋白的定位序列；通过对克隆片段与已发表的青锵（Oryzias latipes）等鱼类HSP70的核苷酸序列和其编码的氨基酸序列同源性比较，发现核苷酸序列同源性较高，成员一和成员二分别为85％-89％和82％-99％；氨基酸序列同源性更高，成员一和成员二分别为97％-99％和93％-99％。一般条件下，两成员在剑尾鱼肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和心脏中不表达，但热应激能刺激成员一在剑尾鱼脾脏中表达，成员二在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和心脏中强烈表达，并可能在参与热应激保护方面起更大作用。     

Heat shock protein 70 expression in different tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) following heat stress

Members of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are highly conserved proteins of about 70 kDa and play important roles in protein folding. Levels of these proteins increase when cells are under stress. Environmental temperature influences both the basal and induced levels of HSPs. However, studies on HSPs in fishes from a tropical country such as India are lacking. In the present study, Indian major carp (IMC) Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) acclimatized at 25±2°C had high levels of HSP70, viz., 1.2–1.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in kidney and gill and 4.2–5.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in liver and brain tissues, indicating the presence of biochemically significant levels of stress. However, maintenance of acclimatized fish at 17°C for up to 48 h did not lead to a significant decrease in stress protein levels. A heat shock at 37°C for up to 48 h resulted in only two to threefold increase in HSP70 levels in these organs. Although the increase in HSP70 levels was apparent from the first hour of heat stress in all these tissues, the increase was significant from the second hour in the brain, the sixth hour in liver and kidney and the 20th hour in the gills.     

三种香港牡蛎三倍体幼虫诱导方法的效果比较

以卵裂率、D形幼虫发生率、三倍体率等为指标,比较了高盐、低温及咖啡因诱导香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)三倍体幼虫的效果,同时也分析了诱导因子强度(或浓度)、持续时间、受精卵密度及受精后开始处理时间对诱导效果的影响。结果表明,高盐诱导三倍体的最适条件组合是在卵子密度1.0×107个/L的情况下受精后15 min,用盐度40的海水持续处理10 min,此时卵裂率为(39.60±2.14)%, D形幼虫发生率为(31.46±1.06)%,三倍体率可以达到(59.53±5.90)%;低温诱导三倍体的最适条件组合是密度为2.0×10~7个/L的卵子在受精后15 min,用10℃海水持续处理10 min,此时卵裂率为(21.00±4.90)%, D形幼虫发生率为(12.68±1.21)%,三倍体率为(51.09±2.67)%;咖啡因诱导三倍体的最适条件组合是卵子密度为1.0×10~8个/L,用咖啡因终浓度2.0g/L的海水在受精后15min,持续处理20 min,卵裂率为(85.46±4.78)%, D形幼虫发生率为(71.79±3.92)%,三倍体率可以达到(56.36±2.07)%。最适诱导条件下,咖啡因的诱导效率指数0.405高于高盐处理0.187、低温处理0.065。高盐及低温处理方法诱导出的幼虫三倍体率随生长降低极快且存活率低于咖啡因诱导方法,说明3种方法中咖啡因可能更适合用于香港牡蛎三倍体幼虫的诱导。本研究为香港牡蛎三倍体育种提供了基础数据和实践经验。     

New type of heat shock protein 70 homologue gene abounds in the genomic sequence of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of highly conserved molecular chaperones. Shrimp HSPs have recently been a topic of increasing interest because of their roles in shrimp immunity and homeostasis. In penaeid shrimp, HSP70s and the cognate forms, heat shock cognate (HSC) 70s, have been reported, but their responses towards various stimulations are different. We found a novel type HSP70 (MjHSP70-2) from the hyperexpansion of the large segmental duplication that is present in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, which shows about 60 % identity with reported shrimp HSP70s. In a phylogenetic tree, MjHSP70-2 formed a sister clade with eukaryote HSP70 family while MjHSP70 was located close to the shrimp HSP70 and HSC70 group. MjHSP70-2 gene expression was not significantly increased by heat shock or pathogen challenge by Vibrio penaeicida, but it was significantly increased by infection with white spot syndrome virus. In contrast, MjHSP70 gene expression was increased by heat shock but decreased by infection with V. penaeicida. The kuruma shrimp genome was found to have 400-fold more copies of the MjHSP70-2 gene than the putative single-copy gene transglutaminase. In conclusion, our results reveal the presence of a novel type HSP70 gene, HSP70-2, from kuruma shrimp. There are multiple forms of HSP70 in crustaceans, and these HSP70s behave differently under various stressors.     

热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因在中国对虾染色体上的定位

以热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因为探针,利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)的方法,将其初步定位在中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinesis)染色体上。观察150组精巢细胞染色体,有111组染色体有3个杂交信号,占所观察的74％,由此得出,热休克蛋白70基因(HSP70)很可能存在于中国对虾减数分裂细胞3对染色体的3个位点上。本研究首次将功能基因定位在了对虾染色体上,为中国对虾的遗传物理图谱的构建提供了有效可行的方法。