无机膜反应器的研究进展

膜反应器是具有反应与分离双重功能的单元集成设备，通过分离与反应的协同作用强化化学反应过程，已在加氢、脱氢、分解和氧化等苛刻反应中显示出优势。膜材料是决定膜反应器性能与应用的关键因素。重点从膜材料角度出发，介绍了致密无机膜反应器与多孔无机膜反应器的特点及发展。指出应开发高分离性能、抗污染、易于封装的膜材料，加强膜反应器质...     

无机膜反应器

膜反应器融反应与分离于一体，在膜反应器中，产率受化学平衡限制较小；催化剂再生比较容易；膜反应器还可以控制化学反应，因而越来越受到重视。本文对近年来无机膜反应器的应用模式、优越性、膜材料、分离和非分离膜反应器，膜反应器的理论模型以及存在的问题作一述评。     

无机分离膜的研究现状与发展前景——Ⅱ、无机分离膜的应用

本文综述了无机分离膜在应用领域的研究情况,着重介绍了无机分离膜在气体分离、膜反应器、生物反应器和血浆成分分离等方面的应用,讨论了无机膜自身的缺陷和今后有待研究解决的课题.     

BCFNO透氧膜反应器所用催化材料的选择分析

透氧膜反应器稳定性除受膜材料本身性能和膜反应器所处气氛影响外,重整过程所用催化剂与膜材料的反应问题同样值得关注。以透氧膜反应器焦炉煤气甲烷部分氧化重整用BCFNO膜材料为研究对象,分别通过SEM和XRD分析Al2O3、MgO、YSZ、β分子筛、TiO2等催化载体材料与BCFNO透氧膜材料的长时间反应情况,目的是为BCFNO透氧膜反应器所用催化剂材料选择提供依据。实验结果表明β分子筛、Al2O3和TiO2容易与BCFNO透氧膜材料反应形成新的相。MgO也与BCFNO反应,但反应较小,YSZ不与BCFNO发生反应。     

无机膜及无机膜反应器研究进展

无机膜具有耐温、耐化学腐蚀、耐细菌和强度高等优点 ,在化工、环保、生物等工业具有广泛的应用领域 .膜反应器是将膜分离与催化反应结合在一个单元中同时进行的设备 .许多研究结果表明 ,膜反应器在提高可逆反应的转化率、选择性及产率等方面均有明显的效果 ,是化学工程学科具有很好发展前景的领域 .结合研究工作综述了无机膜技术的发展状况 ,包括无机膜的制备、无机膜反应器的形式、应用及无机膜组件结构的研究现状 .提出了无机膜技术需要深入研究的几个主要课题     

开发新的膜反应系统—用于高功能分离膜的氧化脱氢反应

日本化学技术研究所进行了关于装备高功能分离膜的复合型反应器的研究。该研究是星光计划的一个组成部分。这种复合型反应器(即膜反应器)在反应中装备了可以选择性分离出反应生成物中的一部分或全部的分离膜,它是一种同时进行反应和分离的反应器。这种膜反应器由于将生成物分离出来,因此,可以控制妨碍主反应的逆反应和     

惰性多孔无机膜反应器用于低碳烃类选择氧化

主要介绍邓用多孔无机膜作氧气分布器的新型膜反应器－－惰性膜反应器的特点、应用和发展概况，对于低碳烃类的氧化脱氢或部分氧化，沿反应器轴向分布氧气，可以降低反应工氧气的分压，提高选择性和收率；讨论了这种新型膜反应器今后有待研究的问题。     

用于酯化反应的亲水性渗透汽化膜研究进展

渗透汽化是分离共沸混合物或者某一物质含量较低混合液的方法.在酯化反应中,耦合渗透汽化可以提高反应转化率.本文根据膜的制备材料,对有机膜、无机膜、有机无机杂化膜在该方面的应用进行了较详细的报道.且分析了各种膜在酯化反应中的催化效果.     

高分子基气体分离膜材料研究进展

在简要介绍气体分离膜分离机理的基础上,详细介绍了高分子和有机-无机复合两类气体分离膜材料及其分离性能,其中高分子膜材料主要包括聚酰亚胺、硅橡胶、聚砜、醋酸纤维素、聚吡咯,有机-无机复合膜材料主要包括无机粒子填充高分子、有机-无机杂化,并对高分子基气体分离膜材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

高分子分离膜材料及其研究进展

膜材料是膜研究的主要内容,从理论与应用两个角度对高分子分离膜材料进行阐述,先从分离膜的分离机制、分离性能及类别展开介绍,总结各类常见的高分子分离膜材料的性能特点及适用性,针对近年来高分子分离膜材料的合成和制备、改性与应用等研究成果进行概述,通过分析并总结分离膜材料的结构与性能之间的关系,对未来开发新型高分子分离膜材料作出展望。     

Design and Fabrication of Ceramic Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Green Chemical Engineering Applications

Catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs), which synergistically carry out separations and reactions, are expected to become a green and sustainable technology in chemical engineering. The use of ceramic membranes in CMRs is being widely considered because it permits reactions and separations to be carried out under harsh conditions in terms of both temperature and the chemical environment. This article presents the two most important types of CMRs: those based on dense mixed-conducting membranes for gas separation, and those based on porous ceramic membranes for heterogeneous catalytic processes. New developments in and innovative uses of both types of CMRs over the last decade are presented, along with an overview of our recent work in this field. Membrane reactor design, fabrication, and applications related to energy and environmental areas are highlighted. First, the configuration of membranes and membrane reactors are introduced for each of type of membrane reactor. Next, taking typical catalytic reactions as model systems, the design and optimization of CMRs are illustrated. Finally, challenges and difficulties in the process of industrializing the two types of CMRs are addressed, and a view of the future is outlined.     

多孔膜反应器中长链烷烃脱氢

制备了具有相同氢／长链烷烃分离系数和不同氢气渗透率及具有相同氢气渗透率和不同氢／长链烷烃分离系数两上系列的多孔膜管,考察了反应温度、氢／烃比、吹扫气流速、膜的分离系数和渗透地长链烷烃（Ｃ１１－Ｃ１３）脱氩反应的影响,结果表明,不同温度和氢烃比条件下,膜反应器中转化率均高于固定术中转化率,实验内增大只扫气流速会提高转化率,其变化规律与丙烷脱氢类似;化率随膜分离系数和渗透率的增加而增大,但增大到一定程     

Microporous Organic Materials for Membrane‐Based Gas Separation

Membrane materials with excellent selectivity and high permeability are crucial to efficient membrane gas separation. Microporous organic materials have evolved as an alternative candidate for fabricating membranes due to their inherent attributes, such as permanent porosity, high surface area, and good processability. Herein, a unique pore‐chemistry concept for the designed synthesis of microporous organic membranes, with an emphasis on the relationship between pore structures and membrane performances, is introduced. The latest advances in microporous organic materials for potential membrane application in gas separation of H₂, CO₂, O₂, and other industrially relevant gases are summarized. Representative examples of the recent progress in highly selective and permeable membranes are highlighted with some fundamental analyses from pore characteristics, followed by a brief perspective on future research directions.     

Membrane Separation in Organic Liquid: Technologies,Achievements, and Opportunities

Membrane technology is one of the most promising technologies for separation and purification that is routinely and commercially employed in aqueous solutions. In comparison, its applications in organic solvents are severely underdeveloped mainly due to the poor stability of traditional polymer membranes in organic solvents. The emerging materials such as crosslinked polymers, covalent organic frameworks, metal–organic frameworks, conjugated microporous polymers, carbon molecular sieves, and graphene provide the solutions to address this problem. The membranes constructed with these novel materials show outstanding separation performance in regard to both high selectivity and solvent permeability, greatly pushing forward utilization of membrane technology in organic media. Here, an overview of the most important organic mixtures that need to be separated, the major separation processes adopted nowadays in organic solvents, and the recent progress in new developed membranes is provided.     

Microstructural and Interfacial Designs of Oxygen‐Permeable Membranes for Oxygen Separation and Reaction–Separation Coupling

Mixed ionic–electronic conducting oxygen‐permeable membranes can rapidly separate oxygen from air with 100% selectivity and low energy consumption. Combining reaction and separation in an oxygen‐permeable membrane reactor significantly simplifies the technological scheme and reduces the process energy consumption. Recently, materials design and mechanism investigations have provided insight into the microstructural and interfacial effects. The microstructures of the membrane surfaces and bulk are closely related to the interfacial oxygen exchange kinetics and bulk diffusion kinetics. Therefore, the permeability and stability of oxygen‐permeable membranes with a single‐phase structure and a dual‐phase structure can be adjusted through their microstructural and interfacial designs. Here, recent advances in the development of oxygen permeation models that provide a deep understanding of the microstructural and interfacial effects, and strategies to simultaneously improve the permeability and stability through microstructural and interfacial design are discussed in detail. Then, based on the developed high‐performance membranes, highly effective membrane reactors for process intensification and new technology developments are highlighted. The new membrane reactors will trigger innovations in natural gas conversion, ammonia synthesis, and hydrogen‐related clean energy technologies. Future opportunities and challenges in the development of oxygen‐permeable membranes for oxygen separation and reaction–separation coupling are also explored.     

影响高分子合金膜内聚合物间相容性的主要因素

聚合物材料合金化是改善膜性能，拓宽膜材料使用范围的一种有效手段。聚合物间的相容性是影响合金分离膜结构与性能的重要因素。文中以二元合金体系为例，探讨了影响聚合物合金膜中聚合物间相容性的各种因素。     

新型无机二维材料在气体分离膜领域的研究进展

气体膜分离技术是过滤与分离工业的重要技术之一, 相比于传统分离技术更加高效、节能、环保。新型无机二维材料在分离膜领域的应用, 有望同时实现高选择性和高渗透率, 突破商业聚合物膜渗透率和选择性相互制约的瓶颈, 极大地促进高性能分离膜的发展。本文简述了膜的气体分离机制, 综述了石墨烯基、过渡金属硫族化物(TMDs)和二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物(MXene)等新型无机二维材料近年来在气体分离膜领域的研究进展, 包括其设计、制造和应用, 探讨了不同材料分离膜的特点、面临的挑战和发展前景。此外, 本文对其他新兴二维材料——层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)、六方氮化硼(h-BN)、云母纳米片等的分离膜研究也进行了概述。最后, 对新型无机二维材料在气体分离膜领域的研究方向及面临的挑战作出了评价。     

High temperature membrane reactors for clean productions

 The coupling of reaction and separation in the same device (membrane reactor) has been demonstrated to be an interesting way to enhance the performance of several reactions. In particular, by-products can be separated, side-reactions can be avoided and higher yields and conversions can be achieved. This means that the same conversions of traditional reactors can be obtained at more mild conditions (e.g. lower temperatures and pressures) with consequent energy saving and, thus, environmental benefits. Low temperatures are preferred also because they increase the life-time of the catalyst (it can be used for much longer time before it has to be regenerated) and reduce the tendency of both products and reactants to degrade (to avoid undesired side-reactions), which might lead to a loss of yield. Membrane reactors, then, seem to constitute a possible means for reducing waste production. In this paper the potential role of high temperature membrane reactors in clean productions is presented and discussed. Received: 20 April 2000 / Accepted: 12 June 2000