Prediction of mass transfer coefficients in an asymmetric rotating disk contactor using effective diffusivity

Mass transfer characteristics have been investigated in a 113 mm diameter asymmetric rotating disk contactor of the pilot plant scale for two different liquid–liquid systems. The effects of operating parameters including rotor speed and continuous and dispersed phase velocities on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients are investigated. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on agitation rate and interfacial tension, but only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In this study, effective diffusivity is used instead of molecular diffusivity in the Gr?ber equation for estimation of dispersed phase overall mass transfer coefficient.The enhancement factor is determined experimentally and there from an empirical expression is derived for prediction of the enhancement factor as a function of Reynolds number. The predicted results compared to the experimental data show that the proposed correlation can efficiently predict the overall mass transfer coefficients in asymmetric rotating disk contactors.     

Kinetic Correlation for the Hindered Diffusion of Proteins in a Porous Packing Column*

Abstract Hindered diffusion of proteins in a porous packing plays an important role in proteinchromatographic purification.The HETP method was adopted to analyze the influence of axialdispersion, film mass transfer and hindered diffosion in the porous packing employing a size-exclusionchromatography(SEC)process.The retention behavior with eight proteins of different relativemolecular mass was experimentally detected with a commercial SEC column.A correlation basedon the relative molecular mass of the proteins and the packing porosity was developed and used topredict the effective diffusion coefficient of a protein in the Porous packing.The predicted valuesof effective diffusion coefficient were very consistent with the experimental results with the averageerror of 8.6%.     

一个用于精馏塔模拟的新模型

A new computational mass transfer model is proposed for simulating the distillation process by solving the fluctuating mass flux for the closure of turbulent mass transfer equation in order to obtain the concentration profile and the separation efficiency of distillation column. The feather of the proposed model is to abandon the conventional way of introducing the turbulent mass transfer diffusivity (dispersion coefficient) to the turbulent mass transfer equation. To verify the validity of the proposed model, a commercial scale packed column and a sieve tray column were simulated and compared with published experimental data. The simulated results were satisfactorily confirmed in both concentration distribution and separation efficiency.     

旋转填充床内高黏介质脱挥过程的传质模型(英文)

A mass transfer model for devolatilization process of highly viscous media in rotating packed bed(RPB) was developed based on penetration theory and mass conservation.Before establishing the model,some mass transfer experiments of thin film were conducted in a designed diffusion cell including vacuum and feeding system. In this study,acetone was used as the volatile organic compound(VOC) and syrup as the highly viscous media.The thickness of thin film was changed by using different liquid distributor.It was found that bubbling played an important role in the devolatilization.The correlation of diffusion coefficient of acetone in highly viscous dilute solution was proposed.The relative error between predicted and experimental data was within the range of ± 30% for diffusion coefficient of acetone in syrup.A comparison of experimental data of RPB with model indicated that the relative error was within ± 30% for efficiency of acetone removal.     

A Reynolds mass flux model for gas separation process simulation:I. Modeling and validation

Separation process undertaken in packed columns often displays anisotropic turbulent mass diffusion. The aniso-tropic turbulent mass diffusion can be characterized rigorously by using the Reynolds mass flux (RMF) model. With the RMF model, the concentration and temperature as well as the velocity distributions can be simulated numerical y. The modeled Reynolds mass flux equation is adopted to close the turbulent mass transfer equation, while the modeled Reynolds heat flux and Reynolds stress equations are used to close the turbulent heat and mo-mentum transfer equations, so that the Boussinesq postulate and the isotropic assumption are abandoned. To val-idate the presented RMF model, simulation is carried out for CO2 absorption into aqueous NaOH solutions in a packed column (0.1 m id, packed with 12.7 mm Berl saddles up to a height of 6.55 m). The simulated results are compared with the experimental data and satisfactory agreement is found both in concentration and temper-ature distributions. The sequel Part II extends the model application to the simulation of an unsteady state ad-sorption process in a packed column.     

基于多场协同理论的渗透蒸发传质模型

Toprovide a theoretical basis for optimizing the pervaporation procedure, a mass transfer model for pervaporation for binary mixtures was developed basedon the multi-fields synergy theory. This model used the mechanism of sorption-diffusion-desorption and introduced a diffusion coefficient, which was dependent on the feed concentration and temperature. Regarding the strong coupling effect in the mass transfer, the concentration distribution in membrane was predicted using the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory. The batch experiments and other experiments with constant composition-were conducted-using a modified chitosan pervaporatioffmembrane to separate tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）-water mixtures. The parameters of the mass transfer model were obtained from the flux of the experiments with a constant composition and the activity coefficients available through phase equilibrium equation, using the Willson equation in the feed side and the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory within the membrane The simulation results of the experiments .are in good agreement with the results, of the experiments.     

鼓泡塔中低浓度表面活性剂对CO2吸收传质系数的影响（英文）

The effect of different surfactants (n-octyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTABr), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and Tween 80) with different critical micelle concentrations (CMC) on the CO2 absorption into aqueous solutions in a bubble column is analyzed in the present work. The presence of these surfactants in-creased the gas–liquid interfacial area, and decreased the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient, but with signif-icant different extent. The results indicated that the CMC can be a key parameter affecting the mass transfer of CO2 absorption into a dilute aqueous solution of a surfactant. Sardeing's model was used to fit the experimental data successfully by re-correlating the parameters.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Single Drop Mass Transfer in Solvent Extraction Systems with Resistance in Both Phases

Numerical simulation of transient mass transfer to a single drop controlled by the internal resistance or by the resistance in both phases was mathematically formulated and simulated in a boundary-fitted orthogonal coordinate system. The simulated results on the transient mass transfer dominated by the internal resistance are in good agreement with the Newman and Kronig-Brink models for drops with low Reynolds number. When the drop Reynolds number is up to 200, the mass transfer coefficient from numerical simulation is very low as compared with the Handlos-Baron model. The cases with mass transfer resistance residing in both the continuous and drop phases were simulated successfully and compared with the experimental data in three extraction systems recommended by European Confederation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE). For single drops with Re < 200, the numerically predicted values of the extraction fraction and overall mass transfer coefficient are in reasonable coincidence with the experimental data. I     

Mass transfer performance of structured packings in a CO2 absorption tower

This paper studies the mass transfer performance of structured packings in the absorption of CO2 from air with aqueous NaOH solution. The Eight structured packings tested are sheet metal ones with corrugations of different geometry parameters. Effective mass transfer area and overall gas phase mass transfer coefficient have been measured in an absorption column of 200 mm diameter under the conditions of gas F-factor in 0.38–1.52 Pa0.5 and aqueous NaOH solution concentration of 0.10–0.15 kmol·m?3. The effects of gas/liquid phase flow rates and packing geometry parameters are also investigated. The results show that the effective mass transfer area changes not only with packing geometry parameters and liquid load, but also with gas F-factor. A new effective mass transfer area correlation on the gas F-factor and the liquid load was proposed, which is found to fit experiment data very well.     

计算传质法预测精馏塔效率(英文)

A computational mass transfer model is proposed for predicting the concentration profile and Murphree efficiency of sieve tray distillation column. The proposed model is based on using modified two equations formulation for closing the differential turbulent mass transfer equation with improvement by considering the vapor injected from the sieve hole to be three dimensional. The predicted concentration distributions by using proposed model were checked by experimental work conducted on a sieve tray simulator of 1.2 meters in diameter for de-sorbing the dissolved oxygen in the feed water by blowing air. The model predictions were confirmed by the ex-perimental measurement. The validation of the proposed model was further tested by comparing the simulated re-sult with the performance of an industrial scale sieve tray distillation column reported by Kunesh et al. for the strip-ping of toluene from its water solution. The predicted outlet concentration of each tray and the Murphree tray effi-ciencies under different operating conditions were in agreement with the published data. The simulated turbulent mass transfer diffusivity on each tray was within the range of the experimental result in the same sieve column re-ported by Cai et al. In addition, the prediction of the influence of sieve tray structure on the tray efficiency by using the proposed model was demonstrated.     

Mass transfer of sodium chloride in simulated crystallizing pond during the rainfall period

The mass transfer equation describing the transport phenomena of sodium chloride is derived for the simulated crystallizing pond during the rainfall period. According to the theoretical and experimental results, the dissolution rate of NaCl is shown to be controlled by the combination of salt transport including the diffusion and convection of solute in solution and surface dissolution reaction including the desorption and surface diffusion of solute. It is found that both the dissolution and convective mass transfer coefficients are proportional to the total rainfall quantity, and inversely proportional to the brine depth. The variation of dissolution mass transfer coefficient to the total rainfall quantity and brine depth is correlated from the experimental results. Correlation of the convective mass transfer coefficient is also obtained by using the numerical solution of the mass transfer equation.     

Drop-Size Distribution and Dispersed Phase Hold-up in a Large Rotating Disc Contactor

Abstract

The effect of drop size and size distribution and the dispersed-phase hold-up on the performance of an extraction column are the most important hydrodynamic characteristics, because under steady operating conditions, drop size and hold-up are proportional to the interfacial area. Correspondingly, the efficiency of mass transfer is a function of drop size as well as hold-up.

A number of experimental investigations using the rotating disc contactor (RDC) have reported the measurement of dispersed-phase hold-up, drop size, and size distribution. However, most of the published data are for very small RDCs of <7.5-cm diameter. All the correlations introduced to describe the column hydrodynamics give unreliable results when applied to large-scale RDC operation and with different systems to those studied. Therefore, RDC hydrodynamics in the absence of mass transfer have been studied on a 450-mm-diam column, 4.3-m high, and the results obtained have been compared with those reported previously from small extraction columns. Wide divergences have been found. The results of this study have been correlated to predict the drop size in each compartment. Agreement has been within 10% of the experimental data. When the results of this and previous studies are analyzed together by including the column dimensions, the agreement between predicted and experimental results is generally within 15%.     

Prediction of mass transfer coefficients in a pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column

A study of the mass transfer performance for a pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column has been presented for a range of operating conditions. The mass transfer performance has been investigated for both directions of mass transfer. This study has examined the mass transfer coefficients which has incorporated the effects of back‐mixing in the continuous phase. The effect of operating variables including pulsation intensity and dispersed and continuous phase velocities on volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient has been investigated. The experiments showed that mixer‐settler, transition and emulsion regimes exist in the column depending on the pulse characteristics. In the present work, effective diffusivity is substituted for molecular diffusivity in the Gröber equation for estimation of overall mass transfer coefficients. The enhancement factor is determined experimentally and there from a single empirical correlation is derived for prediction of enhancement factor in terms of Reynolds number, holdup and Eötvös number for all operating regimes and each mass transfer direction. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the values calculated by the proposed equation. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Mass transfer coefficients in a pulsed packed extraction column

The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients have been measured in a pulsed packed extraction column using diffusion model for the toluene/acetone/water system. The experiments were carried out for both mass transfer directions. The effects of operational variables such as pulsation intensity and dispersed and continuous phases flow rates on volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients have been investigated. The experimental findings indicate that pulsation intensity and mass transfer direction have great influence on volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient. Significant, but weaker, are the effects of continuous and dispersed phase flow rates. The experimental results obtained in the present work are compared with some other types of extraction columns. Finally, two empirical correlations for prediction of the continuous phase overall mass transfer coefficient is derived in terms of Sherwood and Reynolds numbers. Good agreement between prediction and experiments was found for all operating conditions that were investigated.     

不同隙径比环形脉冲萃取柱的传质性能

以30%TBP(煤油)-HNO_3-H_2O为实验体系,在外柱内径为100mm的环形脉冲萃取柱中以4种不同隙径比进行了传质性能研究.实验测定了环形柱的稳态浓度剖面,以扩散模型为基础拟合求取了传质模型参数,建立了相应的关联式.研究结果表明,4种不同隙径比环形柱的“真实”传质单元高度H_(ox)值可以用相同关联式表述;分散单元高度H_(oxd)值则与隙径比的0.16次方成正比.与外柱内径为50mm的环形柱相比较,其H_(ox)值可采用相同关联式描述;其H_(oxd)值与环形柱外柱内径有关.这反映了外柱径对环形柱轴向混合的影响.     

色谱法测定葡萄糖果糖在制备柱上的传质和扩散系数

色谱模型对研究色谱分离过程中的传质动力学具有重要的意义。根据物料守恒原理,结合传质扩散模型推导色谱分离连续方程。假设吸附过程相平衡是线性,连续性方程推导出理论板数与流速和色谱模型参数有关。在多组不同流速条件下测定色谱柱参数,计算得到两组分的传质系数和扩散系数。分别用测定模型参数模拟脉冲实验,结果表明拟合较好。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法模拟纳米流体强化传质过程

使用Boltzmann方法对纳米流体中的传质过程进行了模拟,给出了修改后的Boltzmann方程和计算纳米流体中扩散系数的方程,通过两种方法,基于有限体积颗粒的LBE方法和基于点源颗粒的LBE方法进行了模拟,并与宣益民的实验进行了对比。最后计算了CO2在纳米流体中的扩散系数,计算结果表明,纳米流体因为其纳米颗粒的微扰动对传质有着很大的强化效果,为CO2吸收提供了一种新思路,并且证明了纳米流体的强化传质主要是靠对流传质。     

Statistical analysis of effects of experimental variables on mass transfer coefficient in a novel hybrid bubble column using Box–Behnken design

Statistical analysis of effects of experimental variables on volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a novel hybrid rotating and reciprocating perforated plate bubble column is studied. The novel bubble column is designed indigenously using bevel gear arrangement. Agitation level, superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, perforation diameter and plate spacing are the experimental variables. Air–sodium sulphite solution system is used in this investigation. The Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology is employed for statistical analysis. The relationship between experimental variables and the desired response of volumetric mass transfer coefficient is established for this novel hybrid column. The linear, quadratic and interactive effects of experimental variables are found to be significant on the desired response of volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Results show that the data adequately fit into the second‐order polynomial model. An F‐test and P‐value show the significance of parameters on volumetric mass transfer coefficient. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering