男性不育者淋巴细胞染色体异常、姐妹染色单体交换及微核率的观察

本研究观察了200例不育男性染色体异常及发生率,100例各职业不育男性姐妹染色单体交换率(SCE),60例男性不育者淋巴细胞微核率及其分布。结果表明,200例男性不育者中,检出41例染色体异常者,异常率达20.5％,其中结构异常9例(占21.95％),数置异常32例(占78.05％)。男性不育组中SCE均值范围在6.85±1.48～12.11±3.02之间,而正常生育组在4.05±1.39～6.59±2.15之间;男性不育者SCE均值为8.88±1.95,显著高于正常生育组均值的4.98±0.96(P<0.05)。微核率在不育组中分布范围为0-10‰,正常对照组为0-3‰,不育组的平均微核率为2.65±2.68,和对照组均值(0.80±0.89)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。     

雷公藤多甙及其单体T_4对仔鼠运动反射的影响

雷公藤多甙(GTW)在雄性大鼠及男子均可导致不育作用,而无明显的毒副作用,从雷公藤多甙中提取的单体T_4在雄性大鼠也有明确的抗生育作用,其最小有效抗生育剂量只有GTW的1/200,但它们是否有生殖细胞遗传效应迄今未见报道,作者进行了GTW、T_4对大鼠在停药后生下的仔鼠的运动反射试验及大鼠附睾精子和睾丸切片的形态学检查,结果表明GTW、T_4对仔鼠运动反射没有明显影响,大鼠停药后附睾精子和睾丸曲精细管细胞组合均恢复正常。     

雷公藤多甙及其活性化合物的遗传学研究

雷公藤乡甙(GTW)在雄性大鼠及男子均可致不育而无明显毒副作用,从雷公藤提得的新化合物T_4在雄大鼠也有明确的抗生育作用,至于它们是否会产生遗传学后果,是人们关注而迄未报道的问题。本文进行了GTW对大鼠及人某些重要遗传学指标的影响,包括大鼠显性致死突变、胎肝淋巴细胞染色体畸变与微核率、以及人外周淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)率、微核率、细胞分裂指数的研究,也观察了T_4对大鼠外周淋巴细胞微核率的影响。结果表明,从上述指标来看,抗生育剂量的GTW及T_4未见导致明显的遗传学影响。     

雷公藤多甙对小鼠生育的影响及肉苁蓉干预作用的研究

目的:研究使用不同时间和剂量的雷公藤多甙(GTW)对昆明小鼠怀孕率的影响及肉苁蓉干预和停用GTW后的自愈倾向。方法:将90只成年雄性昆明鼠随机分为9组(每组10只)。对照组给予1%羧甲基纤维素(CMC)溶液;GTW各组分别给予45.0、30.0、22.5、15.0、7.5mg/(kg·d)GTW混悬液;肉苁蓉各组分别给予30.0、7.5mg/(kg·d)GTW混悬液;停药组给予30.0mg/(kg·d)GTW混悬液。以上各组先灌胃20d,20d后与成年雌鼠1∶2合笼7d。第28d起GTW各组按原剂量继续给药;肉苁蓉各组给原剂量GTW混悬液的同时分别给10.0、2.5g/(kg·d)肉苁蓉煎液;停药组停GTW,改为1%CMC溶液。20d后再次合笼7d。每次合笼后观察雌鼠怀孕率。结果:随着GTW给药时间的延长和剂量的增加,雌鼠怀孕率呈下降趋势。GTW45.0mg/(kg·d)组给药40d后怀孕率降为0%(P<0.01)。肉苁蓉10.0g/(kg·d)组怀孕率由20d时的25%上升到40d时的55%。停药组怀孕率由25%上升到56%,与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:GTW对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性呈时间和剂量依赖性。肉苁蓉可以改善GTW对雄鼠生殖系统的抑制作用,提高雌鼠的怀孕率。停用GTW20d,怀孕率可以基本恢复正常。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠精子凋亡的影响

目的:研究雷公藤多甙(GTW)对大鼠精子凋亡的影响。方法:将SD雄性大鼠16只均分成2组,雷公藤多甙组和羧甲基纤维素钠对照组均为剂量20 mg/(kg.d)灌胃,6周后取大鼠附睾精子测定其凋亡率、膜脂流动性、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量的变化。结果:灌胃6周后,GTW组精子的凋亡率、NO和MDA的含量显著增加(与对照组相比,P<0.01),精子膜脂流动性(P<0.05)和SOD含量(P<0.01)降低。结论:雷公藤多甙可致大鼠精子膜脂质过氧化损伤、膜结构受损以及膜流动性下降,精子凋亡率升高。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠支持细胞功能的影响

大鼠灌乳抗生育剂量的雷公藤多甙（ＧＴＷ）并不影响血清中抑制素水平，但用体外培养大鼠曲细精管方法观察不同剂量的ＧＴＷ对支持细胞功能的影响，发现低剂量ＧＴＷ并不影响支持细胞合成与分泌抑制素功能，也不影响其对ＦＳＨ的应激反应，但大剂量ＧＴＷ可明显抑制支持细胞的基础化与应激反应。因此，认为大剂量的ＧＴＷ对细胞有明显的毒性作用。     

雷公藤对男性生殖影响的研究

雷公藤多甙(GTW)为市售中成药,长期以来用于类风湿关节炎、慢性肝炎和一些皮肤病的治疗。不久前表明本品对雄大鼠,也可能对男子有抗生育作用。才研究在26名轻型银屑病人,用小剂量(20ms/日)GTW治疗,同时观察精子数据、精浆生化、血清激素及生化、血象、尿常规以及有关免疫及遗传指标。结果表明,服药1月后精子密度,特别是活率,明显下降,2月后降至不育水平;连服5～6月除少数人有暂时性上腹不适外,无其他明显副作用,性功能如常。停药二月后精子恢复。服药时精浆中游离左旋肉毒碱明显下降,停药后恢复,提示作用部位之一为附睾。所观察的其他指标均无明显影响。     

雷公藤服用者精液中巨噬细胞的光镜和电镜观察

本研究共观察了69份精液标本.服雷公藤治疗前的21份中,未发现巨噬细胞;服药后的48份中,有23份中找见巨噬细胞.该细胞表面有大量微绒毛和胞突,胞质内初、次级溶酶体很多,吞噬有精子残体或变性的精子细胞,形成特异性的吞噬微囊.并观察到巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞在免疫诱异中相互作用的超微结构特点.     

雷公藤服用者精液中多核巨细胞的超微结构观察

观察了25份雷公藤服用者精液细胞的超微结构变化。9份服药前的标本中,未见多核巨细胞;16份服药后标本中,皆找见多核巨细胞。超微结构显示,该巨细胞有两种:一种为多核生精细胞,另一种为多核巨噬细胞。多核生精细胞有奇数多核,亦有偶数多核。多核巨噬细胞功能非常活跃,吞噬有许多精子残体。本研究的观察结果,对分析雷公藤抑制人类精子发生的作用环节,提供了新的资料。     

雷公藤服用者精液中乳酸脱氢酶及其同功酶C_4活性的研究

本文对19例中药雷公藤服用者精子、精浆中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及同功酶C_4(LDHC_4)的活性进行了测定分析。发现服药后以单位数量精子表示的LDHC_4活性在精子、精浆中均有明显升高(双侧非参数秩和检验,分别为P<0.01和P<0.02);通过酶活性与精子计数的相关分析,显示服药后精浆LDHC_4活性(mU/ml)与精子计数的正相关性(r=0.2279)较服药前(r=0.5505)弱,可能与精液中精子以外的其他LDHC_4来源贡献增大有关,诸如生精细胞的分解增多等。本文认为服药后精子LDHC_4活性上升,精液中非成熟精子比例增高是其原因之一。     

SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN LYMPHOCYTES OF HUMANS ANAESTHETIZED WITH ISOFLURANE

The potential mutagenicity of isoflurane was investigated bythe sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test using peripheral bloodlymphocytes from patients before and after anaesthesia. Thirtypatients, aged 18–59 yr (median 29.5 yr), were anaesthetizedfor minor orthopaedic operations with isoflurane and nitrousoxide in oxygen for 37–90 min (median 64 min). Venousblood samples were drawn before the induction of anaesthesia,immediately after completion of anaesthesia and on the followingday. SCE was examined in 30 cells from each specimen. In the30 patients, the SCE values observed immediately after completionof anaesthesia and the day after were not different statisticallyfrom the SCE values observed before the induction of anaesthesia.Separate statistical evaluation of SCE observed among the 19non-smoking patients also revealed unchanged SCE values. In11 cigarette-smoking patients (average 10 cigarettes per day),SCE was increased the day after operation when compared withSCE before the induction of anaesthesia (P < 0.02). Thismight reflect differences in SCE formation attributable to thepatients' smoking habits, but further studies of SCE in cigarettesmokers are required to elucidate this. It was concluded thatthere was no indication, from the SCE test, of a mutagenic effectof short-term exposure to anaesthetic concentrations of isofluraneand nitrous oxide in oxygen.     

温热对小白鼠精子穿透能力的影响

本文选用15组(每组3～4只)健康的成年雄性小白鼠,从附睾尾和输精管中取出精子,分别在37℃、40℃、43℃温育3小时后,进行体外受精,测定精子穿透率,分别为54.1％、56.2％和46.4％,对照组与温热组穿透率差异无统计学意义。从而进一步说明小白鼠精子对温热不敏感。     

雷公藤对男性性激素的影响

患轻度银屑病,无其它系统病,成年已婚具有正常生育男子26例。口服GTW20mg/天连服4-6个月后停药,即精子参数达不育标准3个月后停药。随访观察4～5个月,至精子参数恢复服药前水平后3个月终止观察。服药前1周,服药期间和停药后每月检查精液,测定血中FSH、LH和T浓度。结果表明,服药后2月,精子密度和活率指标达不育水平,停药2月,精子检查指标恢复至服药前水平。在服药期间,血清LH和T浓度有轻度的升高,停药后恢复正常。血清FSH浓度自始至终无显著性变化。     

SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN CIGARETTE SMOKERS: EFFECTS OF HALOTHANE, ISOFLURANE OR SUBARACHNOID BLOCKADE

In a previous study of the potential mutagenic action of isofluraneusing the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test in lymphocytesof surgical patients, it appeared that SCE increased in a groupof 11 cigarette smokers, there being no effect in patients whowere non-smokers. In the present study, 63 cigarette smokerswere examined by the SCE test before and after minor orthopaedicoperations undertaken under halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia,or subarachnoid analgesia. No significant changes of SCE wereobserved, and the risk of having missed a "true" increase ofmore than 0.6 SCE per cell was less than 1%. It was concludedthat, in cigarette smokers, SCE in lymphocytes were unchangedafter both general anaesthesia and subarachnoid analgesia, andthat there was no indication from the SCE test of a mutagenicaction of halothane, or isofurane, in nitrous oxide.     

EFFECT OF ENFLURANE ON CEREBELLAR cGMP AND ON MOTOR ACTIVITY IN THE MOUSE

The effect of enflurane on the cercbellar content of the intracellularmediator cyclic 3', 5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and onmotor activity was studied in mice. Seizures, as an index ofincreased motor activity, associated with an increase in cerebellarcGMP content were induced with isoniazide or picrotoiin. Enflurane0.28–1.68 vol% produced a dose-dependent, reversible decreasein cerebellar cGMP (by about 50% at 0.28 vol%) and delayed orprevented both the increase in cerebellar cGMP and the convulsionsinduced by isoniazide. Enflurane also protected against picrotoxin-inducedconvulsions, but not against strychnine-induced convulsionswhich presumably do not involve cerebellar mechanisms. Theseresults indicate that enflurane affects the cerebellar mechanismscontrolling motor activity and it is postulated that this actioncontributes to the decrease in muscle tone induced by enflurane