热处理对Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O超导材料结构和超导性能的影响

利用原位电阻测量、热重分析、电镜观察和电子探针等多种实验手段研究了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．４Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ１０＋６（下称ＢＰＳＣＣＯ）超导材料在不同温度（６５０－８００℃）和不同氧分压（氧气、空气和氮气）下热处理过程中结构变化及其对超导电性的影响，实验结果表明，在稍高氧分压下退火，２２２３相中的Ｐｂ＾２＋离子将失稳析出体外，生成类Ｃａ２ＰｂＯ４杂相，导致电阻率和重量增加，其调制结构由纯Ｐｂ型（ｑ＝     

Ni对C－B_4C－SiC复合材料显微结构与性能的影响

本文研究了烧结助剂Ｎｉ对Ｃ－Ｂ_４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料显微结构与性能的影响．Ｘ射线衍射表明Ｎｉ在烧结温度下与ＳｉＣ，Ｂ_４Ｃ人发生反应在晶界生成Ｎｉ_（４．６）Ｓｉ_２Ｂ，并产生液相，有效地促进了Ｃ－Ｂ_４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料的烧结，抑制了晶粒的长大，使复合材料密度与强度大幅度地增加，电阻率下降；同时Ｎｉ_（４．６）Ｓｉ_２Ｂ在氧化时生成致密的２ＮｉＯ·Ｂ_２Ｏ_３，包裹了易氧化的Ｂ_４Ｃ和Ｃ，有效地防止了复合材料的氧化，从而大大提高了制品的抗氧化性能．     

Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系相关系研究的最新进展

围绕给Ｂｉ系超导材料研究提供必要的信息，综述了１９９１年以来Ｂｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ系相关系研究的最新结果。主要包括Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ三元系，Ｓｒ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ三元和纱，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＣｕＯ伪二元系，（Ｂｉ，Ｐｂ）２Ｓｒ２ＣｕＯｘ－ＣａＣｕＯ２伪二元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－ＣｕＯ伪三元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｒＯ－ＣａＯ伪三元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｒＯ－ＣｕＯ－ＭＯ（Ｍ为Ｃａ，Ｐｂ）伪四元系。此外，还讨论了与     

用家庭微波炉快速制备高TcBi—2212超导体

家用微波炉快速制备单相Ｂｉ—２２１２超导体的关键是控制样品环境温度,以及进行中间研磨重复微波辐照过程． 将 Ｂｉ２Ｏ３、 ＰｂＯ、 ＳｒＯ、ＣａＯ和ＣｕＯ粉按ＢｉＳｒ∶ Ｃａ∶ ＣＵ＝２．０∶ １．５∶ １．５∶ ２０; ２．０∶ ２．０∶１．０∶２．０和Ｂｉ∶Ｐｂ∶Ｓｒ∶Ｃａ∶Ｃｕ＝１．６∶０．６∶２．０∶ １．０∶ ２０摩尔比进行称重,并充分混合。混合粉的一部分（ｌｇ）压制成直径为１０ｍｍ,厚为２ｍｍ的小片,为减少小片表面的热逸散,将剩下的混合粉（２ｇ）放在小片的周围,外面再包上玻璃棉,放在５ｃｍ３大小…     

含铅铋系2212相生长动力学研究

从生长动力学角度研究了（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）２Ｓｒ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏｚｘ超导相反应历程及成相规律。应用差示热分析（ＤＴＡ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）,扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）,能量色散谱仪（ＥＤＳ）等手段详细分析了所得样品的成分、成分改变过程和微观形貌。结果表明：（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）２２１２相基层符合按成核生长机理进行的固相反应动力学关系。较大的过度下,长时间的退火处理过程有利于有织构的（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）－２２１２相形成。     

超微晶合金FE_（73．5）CU_1Nb_3Si_（13．5）B_9晶化相的电镜

用透射电镜和能谱仪分析了Ｆｅ７３．５ＣＵ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金经不同温度退火后的组织、晶化相结构以及不同晶化相中的各元素含量变化。合金于４５０℃退火１ｈ析出尺寸小于５ｎｍ的ｂｃｃＦｅ（Ｓｉ）相，并且其尺寸随退火温度的升高而增大到约１５ｎｍ。于６００℃退火时合金中析出四方结构的Ｆｅ３Ｂ相，其晶格常数为ａ＝０．８７ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．４３９ｎｍ。在７００℃退火时出现面心立方结构的Ｆｅ３Ｂ６相，其晶格常数ａ＝１．０３９ｎｍ。在Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）相中，含有约１７ａｔ％的Ｓｉ，在Ｆｅ２３Ｂ６中含有约１１ａｔ％的Ｓｉ和约４ａｔ％的Ｎｂ，而在ＦＥ３Ｂ中Ｓｉ和Ｎｂ含量均很少。     

玻璃组分与Cu—Ni熔体过冷稳定性

在高真空下,研究了５０ ％ （７９ ％ Ｓｉ Ｏ２ ＋ １２ ．５ ％ Ｂ２ Ｏ３ ＋ ２ ．２ ％ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ ＋ ０ ．６ ％ Ｃａ Ｏ ＋ ５ ．７ ％ Ｎａ２ Ｏ） （ 简写为 Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） ＋ ５０ ％ （ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 对 Ｃｕ５０ Ｎｉ５０ 和 Ｃｕ７０ Ｎｉ３０ 合金熔体循环过热过程中过冷度稳定性的影响。结果表明,５０ ％（ Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） ＋ ５０ ％ （ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 玻璃对合金熔体的净化过程为物理—化学复合净化, 且在（ Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） 净化剂中加入（ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 玻璃形成的净化剂粘度适中,因此合金熔体在２ ～５ 次循环过热过程中可以获得稳定深过冷。     

B_2O_3－MgO－SiO_2－Al_2O_3－CaO系渣组成对熔体物性的影响

用柱体旋转法测定了Ｂ_２Ｏ_３—ＭｇＯ—ＳｉＯ_２—Ａｌ２Ｏ_３—ＣａＯ系富硼镁渣的粘度及熔化性温度，用双柱联称法测定熔渣的密度及表面张力．实验结果表明：富硼镁渣的粘度及熔化性温度随渣中Ｂ_２Ｏ_３含量的增加而降低；当Ｂ_２Ｏ_３含量一定时，随渣中ＭｇＯ量及渣碱度的增加而增大．熔体的密度及表面张力随ＭｇＯ量增加或ＳｉＯ_２量减少而增大，分别为（２．５±０．５）ｔ·ｍ~（－３）和０．４－０．６Ｎ·ｍ~（－１）．     

CO还原CaO－SiO_2－Al_2O_3－Fe_tO渣系研究

研究了在１７２３Ｋ下ＣＯ还原ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ａ１_２Ｏ_３－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ渣系。根据ＣＯ_２红外分析仪测定的出口气体中ＣＯ_２浓度变化，计算了炉渣的表现还原速度常数Ｋ_ａ和还原速度常数Ｋ。结果表明，加入Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３，提高了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ的Ｋ_ａ和Ｋ值；炉渣碱度不变时，随着Ｆｅ_ｔＯ含量的增加，Ｋ_ａ呈增加趋势，但Ｋ则呈抛物线趋势变化；当ＦｅＯ的光学碱度∧_ＦｅＯ为１．０或０．８７时，Ｋ_ａ随该四元渣系光学碱度的增加而线性增加，而Ｋ则呈递减趋势。用炉渣规则溶液模型计算了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ四元渣系的Ｆｅ_ｔＯ活度ａ_Ｆｅ_ｔＯ。     

晶须增强Al－8．5Fe－1．3V－1．7Si复合材料及晶须增强效果的评价

采用粉末冶金法在较高的温度下制备了ＳｉＣ，Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４和Ａｌ_（１８）Ｂ_４Ｏ_（３３）晶须增强Ａｌ－８．５Ｆｅ－１．３Ｖ－１．７Ｓｉ耐热铝合金复合材料，山于采用不含Ｍｇ的基体避免了Ａｌ_（１８）Ｂ_４Ｏ_（３３）晶须界面上出现界面反应和Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４，ＳｉＣ晶须界面上出现的界面生成物，所以所有晶须界面都是清洁的．加入晶须可以明显提高材料的强度和模量，三种晶须的增强效果依次为ＳｉＣ，Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４和Ａｌ_（１８）Ｂ_４Ｏ_（３３）．这类复合材料的强度随温度的升高呈线性下降，其使用温度可比ＳｉＣ_ｗ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料提高５０－１００℃     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.