云南省小型兽类体表寄生革螨多样性分析

自1990～2004年在对云南省25县(市)现场调查所获取的数据资料和有关文献记录资料的基础上,从分类阶元、宿主种类、不同年龄分布、寄生部位等多角度揭示了云南省小兽体表革螨的物种多样性。到目前为止,整个云南省小兽体表革螨共有10科33属112种,以东洋界中印亚界西南山地亚区种类占明显优势;宿主(小兽)种类繁多,分为9科29属53种。革螨的年龄分布有幼虫、前若虫、后若虫和成虫4个阶段;寄生部位遍布全身。云南省小型哺乳动物(小兽)物种多样性特点决定了云南省小兽体表革螨物种的多样性,反映了小兽体表革螨与其寄生宿主(小兽)之间密切的协同进化关系,体现了云南省物种资源丰富。     

中国云南小兽体表革螨多样性与生态分布

寄生在小兽体表的革螨是具有重要医学意义的节肢动物。本文用物种数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和主成分分析对云南省28县市5个动物地理小区小兽体表革螨的生态分布和多样性进行了比较分析。捕获的14544头小兽隶属于10科35属67种,共采集到革螨80791只,经分类鉴定属于10科33属112种。结果表明横断山中部小区革螨和小兽的物种丰富度和多样性指数均比其他动物地理小区的高。纳氏厉螨和毒厉螨是云南省的优势种和广布种,其生态分布和海拔没有明显的关系。与此相反,小兽宿主的分布因小区和海拔的不同而不同,黄胸鼠和褐家鼠主要分布于海拔1600m以下,而齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠和中华姬鼠是海拔2600m以上的优势种。革螨和小兽的多样性表现出随海拔减少而降低的趋势。主成分分析结果表明宿主因素（物种丰富度和多样性指数）是影响革螨分布的主要因素,其次为降雨量和经度。云南省革螨的物种多样性与小兽的多样性密切相关。     

一种革螨群落总物种数估测模型的建立及应用

以云南西部室内及室外农耕地生境２５种、２５３６只小型哺乳动物（小兽）所组成的混杂样本所对应的体表革螨群落为依据，推导、建立了适于特定生境区域多种小兽（混杂样本）体表革螨群落总物种数估测的数学模型：Ｓｔ＝Ｓｂ＋ＮｂＳ′ｅＮａ＋Ｎｂ（ＳｂＮｂ－ＳａＮａ）式中，Ｓｔ为待测的多种小兽（混杂样本）体表革螨群落的总物种数；Ｎａ、Ｓａ和Ｓ′ｅ分别为混杂样本中数量最多的小兽宿主数、其体表实际所获革螨种数以及在抽样过程中漏掉的种数；Ｎｂ、Ｓｂ分别为多种小兽所组成的混杂样本的样本总数及其体表实际所获的革螨种数。以此模型估测出云南西部室内及室外农耕地生境小兽体表革螨群落总物种数约为７９种     

一种革螨群落部物种数估测模型的建立及应用

以云南西部室内及彀外农耕地生境２５种，２５３６只小型哺乳动物（小兽）所组成的混杂样本所对应的体表革螨群落训依据，推导，建立了适于特定生境区域多种小兽，（混杂样本）体表革螨群落总物数估测的数学模型。Ｓｔ＝Ｓｂ＋Ｎｂ．Ｓ′ｅ／Ｎａ＋Ｎｂ（Ｓｂ／Ｎｂ－Ｓａ／Ｎａ）式中Ｓｔ待测的多种小兽（混杂样本）体表革螨群落的总物种数，Ｎａ，Ｓａ和Ｓ′ｅ分别为混杂样本中数量最多的小兽宿主数，其体表表实际所获革螨种数以及     

云南西部小兽体表革螨群落种多度分布

本文用Ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎ对数正态分布模型对云南西部室内及室外农耕地生境小兽体表革螨群落的种多度分布进行了研究。在Ｘ轴为ｌｏｇ３标尺的倍程刻度、Ｙ轴为普通算术刻度的半对数直角坐标系中，革螨群落的种多度趋近对数正态分布（理论曲线的拟合优度为０．８２６３），个体数量很大的优势种类（毒厉螨、纳氏厉螨及柏氏禽刺螨等）及仅有１个个体的稀有种类在群落中只是少数，绝大多数种类的个体数量居中，其中位于第３倍程、个体数在５～１３之间的种类最多，共有１５种。     

浙江国境口岸地区革螨采集及新记录(蜱螨亚纲)

报道2001年在杭州和2005年在舟山等口岸地区采得革螨16种,其中8种为浙江省新记录.     

云南省泸水县蚊类多样性的研究

为研究蚊虫的物种多样性,2008年8月对云南省泸水县2个不同的生态环境进行现场调查以及物种多样性的对比研究.在现场调查中,选择2个典型的不同生态环境,使用诱蚊灯诱捕成蚊.分类鉴定后,对所获取的数据资料进行统计学处理,计算得出种间相遇概率（PIE）、最大优势种（Dmax）、多样性指数（H）、均匀度（E）和相似性系数（S）等有关物种多样性的指数,并进行比较.共捕获5 668只成蚊,分属于2个亚科4属5亚属15种.其多样性指数分别为：2.24/1.12（PIE）, 0.65/0.95（Dmax）, 1.943/0.392 （H） and 0.497/0.118（E）（生态型1/生态型2）,两者之间的S为0.8.结果提示,泸水县蚊类群落结构的多样性与生态环境之间有比较密切的关系,其中,以种植水稻和甘蔗等作物为主的自然坝区,其种间相遇概率、物种多样性指数和均匀度要高于以种植玉米和果树为主的森林砍伐区,而最优势种的优势度则要低于后者.     

不同地理种群淡色库蚊抗性动态与遗传多样性的研究

对采自北京 ,郑州 ,商丘地区的 3个淡色库蚊地理种群的蚊虫 ,进行了有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类抗性水平的测定 ;利用淀粉凝胶电泳技术分析了 4个等位酶 ;甘油酶 3 磷酸脱氢酶 (GPD)、苹果酸酶 (ME)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)、羟酸酯酶 (EST) ;并通过 5个假定中性酶基因位点 (ME ,MDH 1,MDH 2 ,MDH 3和GPD)的基因型记录 ,利用biosys2软件分析了这 3个种群的遗传多样性。抗性水平的测定结果表明 :与北京敏感系相比 ,3个种群对敌敌畏、对硫磷的抗性水平较高 ,对仲丁威的抗性相对较低。淀粉电泳的结果表明 :北京种群中的高活性酯酶主要为Estβ11;郑州种群中主要为连锁形式存在的Estα8 β8、Estα2 β2和Estβ11;商丘种群中含有较高连锁存在的高活性的酯酶Estα8 β8、Estβ11和少量Estα9 β9。种群结构分析表明 :各种群间的遗传分化较低 ,Nm的间接计算值表明种群间的基因流动是频繁的。     

腐食酪螨过敏原Tyr p 5生物信息学分析及原核表达

目的:克隆表达腐食酪螨过敏原第5组分(Tyr p 5),并了解其分子特征.方法:采用TaKaRa MiniBEST Universal RNA Extraction Kit试剂盒提取腐食酪螨总RNA,根据GenBank已公布的Tyr p 5核酸序列设计引物,用RT-PCR合成Tyr p 5编码基因并与pET-28a(+...     

鸭子α-干扰素基因表达及多样性分析

目的：采用分子杂交及ＰＣＲ方法，分析鸭α－干扰素基因的表达及多态性。方法：从鸭外周血分离出的单核细胞在体外经ＰＨＡ（５ｕｇ／ｍｌ）刺激不同时间后，提取总ＲＮＡ。以ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法检测鸭α－干扰素（ＤｕＩＦＮ－α）ｍＲＮＡ表达状况。引物根据最近公布的ＤｕＩＦＮ－α基因序列设计。从鸭外周血单核细胞中提取的基因组ＤＮＡ经限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＰｓｔＩ，ＸｂａＩ消化后，以公布的ＤｕＩＦＮ－α序列为探针，采用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析ＤｕＩＦＮ－α基因的多样性。结果：在未经ＰＨＡ刺激的鸭外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）中，未检测到ＤｕＩＦＮ－α表达；ＰＨＡ刺激４ｈ后，即可检测到ＤｕＩＦＮ－α表达，一直持续到２４ｈ，基因组ＤＮＡ限制性内切酶多态性分析表明，ＰｓｔＩ酶切后，出现片段大小各异的杂交信号，提示ＤｕＩＦＮ－     

Occurrence of Storage Mites in Finnish Farming Environments

Qualitative and semi-quantitative microscopic analyses were performed on the mite populations in dust samples collected from the byres and hay and grain storages of 11 farms in Eastern Finland. Storage mites were found in all farms. The mite fauna was more abundant in the byres and hay storages than in the grain storages. The most common species or genera were Acarus siro, Acarus farris, Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Cheyletus eruditus, Tydeus spp., and Tarsonemus spp. The results imply that also in northern climates storage mites should be considered as possible causes of allergic disorders among farming populations.     

Mites in House Dust in the Stockholm Area

Today there is no doubt that mites (and especially species within the Pyroglyphidae family: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae) are an important agent in dust allergies. The author reports on a study of the occurrence of mites in house dust in the environment of allergic persons in the Stockholm area. 201 private homes, 13 farmers' houses and two hospitals have been studied. In 12% of the homes several different types of mite were found in dust in relatively small numbers, while pyroglyphids occurred in only 1.5% of the dwellings. The frequency of mites in dust from farmers' homes was three times higher and that of pyroglyphids ten times higher than in other dwellings. Mites were most often found in floor dust and very infrequently in bed dust. All hospital beds were free from mites; in floor-dust samples from a hospital for long-term therapy several species of mite were found. The author draws the conclusion that the conditions of climate and humidity within the geographical area studied are adverse to the development of an allergologically significant mite population in indoor dust, but that small numbers may spread from potted plants, work premises and outdoor flora.     

Allergy to Storage Mites or Cow Dander as a Cause of Rhinitis among Finnish Dairy Farmers

The role of storage mites Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, compared with that of cow dander, as a cause of allergic rhinitis was studied by nasal challenges in a population of 106 non-smoking dairy farmers. Thirty-six of the subjects were challenged with storage mites alone, each with only one of the three species in consecutive order, 43 with cow dander alone, and 27 with both. Thus mite challenges were performed on 63 farmers and cow dander challenges on 70. Challenges with any one of the storage mite species were positive in 18% and with cow dander in 20% of farmers with allergic rhinitis. All challenges to asymptomatic farmers were negative. Five of the eight positive reactions to storage mites were due to Lepidoglyphus destructor, and three to Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Acarus siro was not responsible for any of the positive reactions. The results indicate that, among dairy farmers, storage mites are as common as cow dander as a cause of allergic occupational rhinitis.     

Non-Allergenic Haemolysins in Grass Pollens and Housedust Mites

25 batches of pollen (six common grasses, maize, short ragweed) and two batches of housedust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) all contained haemolysins. The haemolysins of two grass pollens and of the housedust mites were of small MW (100-200 Da) and apparently non-allergenic. Both caused inflammation when injected into human skin, at doses that could be experienced naturally. The "allergic" airways diseases may not be entirely immunologically mediated.     

The Development of ELISAs for the Detection of Storage Mites in Grain

The study forms the first part of the development of an immunoassay to detect storage mite infestations in cereals and their derived products. This was achieved by examining the suitability of an existing monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against the cosmopolitan food mite, Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank). The results demonstrate that in the absence of grain the MAb could detect and quantify unknown numbers of L. destructor, ranging between 0 and 100 adult mites. However, in the presence of grain the sensitivity of the assay decreased. This was probably because the existing antibody had not been raised for this purpose. To overcome this, an additional polyclonal antibody was used which gave satisfactory detection of 0 to 100 adult mites seeded in 5 g of grain. The work has shown the excellent potential of an immunoassay method for the rapid detection of storage mites in unmilled cereals.     

云南医学革螨数值分类研究

目的以云南省57种医学革螨作为分类单元，以形态特征为主列出60项分类性状特征来探讨云南省医学革螨不同属和种的亲缘关系。方法运用SPSS11．5统计软件中的系统聚类分析。对57种医学革螨进行数值分类。结果赫刺螨属和棘刺螨属单独从厉螨科中分离出来，其余种类的分类结果与传统的分类结果一致。结论数值分类能比较客观地反映医学革螨各分类阶元的分类地位与亲缘关系．分类结果与传统形态分类结果基本一致。     

Storage mites dominate the fauna in Swedish barn dust.

The mite fauna in hay dust of 16 farms located on the island of Gotland was analysed to establish whether there is a clear relationship between environmental exposure to storage mites and development of allergic symptoms. Eight of these farms belonged to farmers with respiratory symptoms related to barn dust (RS) and eight to healthy farmers (H). All farmers had previously participated in an epidemiological survey of hypersensitivity to respiratory allergens. The symptomatic farmers had not only a positive RAST to storage mites but they developed more than a 20% fall in FEV1 when challenged with Lepidoglyphus destructor (L. destructor) extract. The asymptomatic farmers were all negative in RAST to storage mites. Mites were found on all farms and the degree of infestation varied enormously, mite counts ranging from 75-150,000 mites/g dust. Five genera were detected but the different mite species were not represented on all farms. L. destructor was the dominating species on 13 of 16 farms. Samples from RS farms contained a significantly higher number of mites than H farms. The results of this study are in good agreement with our earlier studies showing that L. destructor is the most important allergen causing symptoms from both upper and lower airways among farmers.     

Three-Year Follow-up Results of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis Sensitized to House Dust Mites

PurposeThis study investigated the long-term efficacy, safety, and compliance associated with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in Korean patients with allergic rhinitis sensitized to house dust mites.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 164 patients who were sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae and who received SLIT were enrolled between November 2007 and January 2010. Each patient was followed up using a diary card, on which a symptom score, rescue medication score, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsAll allergic rhinitis symptoms improved after 3 years of SLIT (P<0.05), and the rescue medication score decreased with time (P<0.05). The incidence of AEs associated with SLIT was 31% (51 of 164 patients) during the first month of therapy, and there were no severe AEs. The dropout rate was 19.5% (32 of 164 patients) during the first month, 34% (56 of 164 patients) after 6 months, and 41% (68 of 164 patients) after 1 year of SLIT. The 3-year compliance rate was approximately 40% (65 of 164 patients). The most common causes of dropout during the first month of SLIT were high cost and inconvenience. The improvement in allergic symptoms was the most common cause of dropout after 6 months.ConclusionsAllergic symptoms significantly decreased after 1 year of SLIT treatment, and this effect was sustained after 2 or 3 years of treatment. By increasing compliance through patient education, the 3-year use of SLIT for house dust mite allergies may be effective in the management of allergic rhinitis.