Middle and upper crust shear-wave velocity structure of the Chinese mainland

In order to give a more reliable shallow crust model for the Chinese mainland, the present study collected many short-period surface wave data which are better sensitive to shallow earth structures. Different from traditional two-step surface wave tomography, we developed a new linearized surface wave dispersion inversion method to directly get a 3D S-wave velocity model in the second step instead of inverting for 1D S-velocity profile cell by cell. We convert all the regionalized dispersions into linear constraints for a 3D S-velocity model. Checkerboard tests show that this method can give reasonable results. The distribution of the middle-and upper-crust shear-wave velocity of the Chinese mainland in our model is strongly heterogeneous and related to different geotectonic terrains. Low-velocity anomalies delineated very well most of the major sedimentary basins of China. And the variation of velocities at different depths gives an indication of basement depth of the basins. The western Tethyan tectonic domain (on the west of the 95°E longitude) is characterized by low velocity, while the eastern Tethyan domain does not show obvious low velocity. Since petroleum resources often distribute in sedimentary basins where low-velocity anomaly appears, the low velocity anomalies in the western Tethyan domain may indicate a better petroleum prospect than in its eastern counterpart. Besides, low velocity anomaly in the western Tethyan domain and around the Xing’an orogenic belt may be partly caused by high crustal temperature. The weak low-velocity belt along ~105°E longitude corresponds to the N-S strong seismic belt of central China.     

The physical implication of coda amplitude ratio and its possible application

ＴｈｅｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｄａａｍｐｌｉｔｕｄｅｒａｔｉｏａｎｄｉｔｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎＴＩＡＮ－ＺＨＯＮＧＺＨＡＮＧ（张天中）ＹＵＮ－ＳＨＥＮＧＭＡ（马支生）ＲＯＮＧ－ＬＩＡＮＧＨＵＡＮＧ（黄蓉良）Ｉｎ...     

Q value of anelastic S-wave attenuation in Yunnan region

The study of seismic attenuation property is a major subject in seismology. Seismic waves recorded by seismic stations （seismographs） contain source effect, seismic wave propagation effect, site response of seismic stations and instrumental response. The path effect of seismic wave propagation, site response of seismic stations and instrumental response must be taken out in the study of source property with seismic data. The path effect of seismic wave propagation （seismic attenuation） involves an important influential factor, the anelastic attenuation of medium, which is measured with quality factor Q, apart from geometric attenuation with the distance. As a basic physical parameter of the Earth medium, Q value is essential for quantitative study of earthquakes and source property （e.g. determination of source parameters）, which is widely used in earthquake source physics and engineering seismology.     

Three dimensional shear wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in South China Sea and its adjacent regions by surface waveform inversion

IntroductionHistorically, surface waves provided much of our understanding of the lateral heterogeneity in the crust and the upper mantle, especially in oceans or desert areas. Traditional method utilizes the great circle theorem for surface waves. It assumed that surface wave propagates along the great circle connecting epicenter with station. Firstly, traditional surface wave analysis was carried out by using multi-frequency-filter dispersion analysis to acquire the group or phase velocity d…     

Three-dimensional seismic velocity tomography of the upper crust in Tengchong volcanic area, Yunnan Province

Introduction Tengchong is one of youngest volcanic areas in Chinese mainland. Since Pliocene, the volcanoes have erupted several times. Nowadays, the thermal activity is very intensive there. The possibility of re-eruption and the reserve of geothermal energy in the area are the questions to which the publics pay much attention, and the volcanists and seismologists dedicated. HAN, et al (1996) reviewed all of the studies carried out in Tengchong area. In the late 1990s, an integrative volca…     

S-wave velocity structure inferred from receiver function inversion in Tengchong volcanic area

IntroductionTengchongvolcanicclusterisoneofthefamousvolcanicactiveareasinourcountry.LocatedatthenortheasternsideoftheimpingingmarginofIndianandEurasiaplates,TengchongvolcanicareabelongstoBurmaarc-shapeseismictectonicsystemofHimalayasstrongseismicactivezone.Thiskindofcomplextectonicenvironmentmakesitanareaoffrequentearthquake,volcanoandhotspringactivitiesforonewhole.Itisoneoftheyoungestvolcanicareasinourcountrywithmorevolcanoes,widerangeandcompleteeruptionstyles.Thevolcanoactedfrequentlyfrom…     

Velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Xingtai earthquake region and its adjacent area

ＶｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｒｕｓｔａｎｄｕｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅｉｎＸｉｎｇｔａｉｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　ｉｔｓａｄｊａｃｅｎｔａｒｅａＺｈｉ－ＰｉｎｇＺＨＵ；（祝治平）Ｘｉａｎ－ＫａｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ；（张称康）Ｙｕ...     

Study and review on crust-mantle velocity structure in Bohai Bay and its vicinity

Introduction Bohai Bay, along with its adjacent areas, is one of the seismically active areas in North China. Understanding its crust/upper-mantle structural characteristics and lateral heterogeneity of the medium in this area is of great significance to the study of seismogenic environment, thus improvimg the level of earthquake prediction. For years, scientists have studied the area by gravity and magnetic methods (FENG, et al, 1989), geothermal field (WU, et al, 1988; TIAN, ZHANG, 19…     

Group velocity distribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity

Introduction A lot of results have been achieved on the study of crust and upper mantle structure in Chinese mainland by the surface wave dispersion. The seismometer can be classified into three types based on the development from the analog to digital instrument. FENG, et al (1981) measured the dispersion curves of group and phase velocity along 28 paths, with 19 earthquakes recorded by 15 base analog seismic stations, subdivided the Chinese mainland into 5 blocks and obtained the average c…     

The velocity structure of crust and uppermantle in the Wudalianchi volcano area in—ferred from the receiver function

The Wudalianchi volcano is a modern volcano erupted since the Holocene.Its frequent occurrence of the small earthquake is considered to be indicator of active dormancy volcano.The S wave velocity structure is inferred from the receiver function for the crust and upper mantle of the Wudalianchi volcano area.The results show that the low velocity structure of Swave is widely distributed undemeath the volcano area and part of the low-velocity-zone located at shallow depth in the Wudalianchi volcano area.The low velocity structure is related to the seismicity.The Moho interface is not clear undemeath the volcano area,which may be regard to be an nec-essary condition for the lava upwelling.Therefore,we infer that the Wudalianchi volcano has the deep structural condition for the volcano activity and may be alive again.     

云南地区地壳上地幔三维S波速度与径向各向异性结构研究

云南地区地处青藏高原东南缘, 一直是地球科学研究的热点地区.目前, 一些热点问题, 如云南地区是否存在中下地壳低速流及其空间分布, 仍有一定的争议.通过建立云南地区精细的地壳上地幔速度与各向异性结构, 可为深入认识上述问题提供重要信息.本文利用天然地震波形记录, 采用双台法提取了12~60 s周期的Rayleigh和Love波相速度频散, 并进一步反演获得了云南地区10~100 km的三维地壳上地幔SV和SH波速度及径向各向异性结构.结果表明:S波速度与径向各向异性结构在横向和垂向均存在显著变化.在20~30 km深度, 存在两个低速条带, 且条带内呈现出正径向各向异性(V_SH>V_SV)特征, 暗示了中下地壳低速物质的水平向运动.在80~100 km深度, 云南西南和东南部显示为低速异常和正径向各向异性特征, 暗示了软流圈物质的水平流动.在云南北部的丽江、攀枝花和昭通地区, 岩石圈地幔中则存在明显的负径向各向异性(V_SH<V_SV), 可能反映了地幔物质的上涌痕迹.历史强震多发生在地壳低速区域或高低速过渡带, 且地震附近的径向各向异性为负或者较弱.一些地震震源下方存在低速层, 地壳低速层可能会促进强震发生.

     

华北地区地壳上地幔S波三维速度结构

利用华北地区大型流动地震台阵的记录资料,采用近震和远震联合成像方法,得到了水平分辨率0.5°×0.5°、深至600km的S波速度结构.研究结果表明,上地壳S波速度结构与地表地质构造基本一致,燕山—太行山山脉均呈现高速异常,延庆—怀来盆地、大同盆地表现为低速异常,华北盆地内部的拗陷和隆起分别呈现低速和高速.唐山地区中地壳、山西裂陷盆地中下地壳存在明显的低速异常,可能分别与流体和热物质作用有关,有利于形成孕育强震的地质构造环境.90km的速度结构图像依然与地表的构造特征有较大的相关性,可能说明深部结构对地表构造有一定的控制作用.燕山隆起区岩石圈的厚度可达120～150km左右,华北盆地的岩石圈厚度可能在80km左右,太行山地区的岩石圈厚度介于两者之间.山西裂陷盆地上地幔低速层较厚,反映了该区不稳定的构造环境造成了地幔热物质的上涌.华北盆地下方220～320km出现的高速异常体,可能揭示了华北盆地上地幔仍然存在拆沉后残留的难熔、高密度的古老岩石圈地幔.研究区东部地幔转换带呈低速异常,推测可能与太平洋板块俯冲至该区下方地幔转换带前缘120°E左右的俯冲板块相变脱水有关.     

中国东北地区地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构

收集了中国东北地区159个固定地震台2011年1月至2012年6月和27个流动地震台2011年1月至2011年6月间的垂向连续记录,根据噪声成像方法得到研究区（105°E-135°E, 39°N-52°N）较短周期（8~30 s）的瑞雷波群速度和相速度频散资料,再结合该区已有的天然地震长周期瑞雷波（36~145 s）的群速度频散资料,我们反演得到了中国东北地区200 km以浅深度范围内的三维壳幔S波速度结构,并得到了该区的岩石圈厚度分布图.结果表明：研究区中、下地壳S波速度结构的横向分布,在重力梯度带两侧有很大的不同,以东地区显示为大范围的高速,以西地区则呈现为大面积的低速;松辽盆地下方岩石圈地幔表现为显著的高速,岩石圈地幔底界面深度可能在90~100 km,薄的岩石圈盖层暗示东北地区的岩石圈可能发生了减薄;郯庐大断裂下方呈现出大范围的比较显著的低速特征,断裂下方上地幔顶部可能有热物质活动.     

云南壳幔S波速度结构与强震的构造背景

本文选取云南及周边65个台站记录到的47个地震事件,利用相匹配滤波技术分离出了基阶Rayleigh面波信号.选取与震中处于同一大圆弧上的两个台站,利用双台格林函数法获取了台间相速度频散,频散的周期范围在10~80 s之间.从2000个波形记录中提取了152个台站对之间的相速度频散,最后,利用台间的相速度频散反演得到云南地区0~200 km深度范围内的S波速度结构.结果表明:云南地区地壳厚度整体上呈南北向变化趋势,从南部的30 km变化到北部的60 km.在局部地区Moho面呈现出隆起和凹陷,基本上呈"一隆两凹"的特征.另外,滇西地区大致以红河断裂为界,其两侧的岩石圈结构存在明显的差异.西侧从70 km深处开始,滇缅泰块体上的保山、畹町、沧源、思茅一带大范围内均为低速区,并且一直延伸到120 km深处.而红河断裂东侧的滇中块体,只有在康滇古隆起区存在上地幔低速区,其余大部分地区上地幔S波速度在4.4~4.6 km/s之间.     

三峡水库坝址及邻区中上地壳S波速度结构

利用三峡数字地震台网记录的Sg波到时资料,采用地震层析成像技术,重建了三峡水库坝址及邻区中上地壳的三维速度图象,研究了地壳深部构造,主要结论是:①黄陵背斜的岩性具有固结程度高、岩体均匀完整、埋藏深度至少达14 km的特征;②秭归盆地与边缘构造由于岩层一致,而速度结构相同;构造变形的强度决定了秭归盆地及周缘区域沉积层的厚...     

利用纵、横波震源谱参数研究波速比——以岷县—漳县MS6.6地震为例

利用甘肃省区域地震台网提供的地震波形,计算得到甘肃东南地区2010年1月至2014年6月183个M_L≥2.5地震纵、横波的拐角频率和零频极限等震源谱参数,分析2013年7月22日岷县—漳县M_S6.6地震前后纵、横波拐角频率比值和零频极限比值的变化特征,间接反映震源处波速比的变化。结果如下:(1)拐角频率比值的平均值约为1.32,而由零频极限比值计算得到的波速比平均值约为1.55,后者高于前者;(2)二者得到波速比的时间变化趋势基本一致:两个波速比在岷县地震前后呈现出"明显升高-下降-震前急剧下降-震后缓慢恢复"的变化过程;(3)二者得到的波速比空间分布基本一致:岷县地震震中附近及合作、舟曲等地区在震前出现低值异常,震中附近地区的波速比在震后有所回升。     

福建地区波速比分布特征

选取福建地震台网"十五"观测系统2009—2015年记录的748个M_L≥1.0地震事件,采用多台和达法计算福建区域波速比值和泊松比值,并绘制二者空间等值线图,分析其分布特征,讨论波速比值高低与震级大小和震源深度的关系,结果发现,波速比大小与二者关系不大。     

龙门山构造带及汶川震源区的S波速度结构

利用四川地震台网的观测资料和体波地震层析成像方法反演了龙门山地区的S波速度结构,据此分析了龙门山断裂带的地壳结构和汶川震源区的深部构造特征.反演结果表明,地震破裂与龙门山断裂及其两侧的地壳结构差异存在明显的对应关系,汶川以北的龙门山上地壳具备较高的强度且明显抬升,灌县至江油是龙门山西侧应力积累的主要地区,汶川8.0级地震位于其南部边缘;四川盆地的刚性地壳向西俯冲于龙门山之下,其凸出部与造山带古老基底在汶川附近发生碰撞是汶川成为8.0级地震破裂起始点的主要原因.汶川以南的龙门山地区地壳上层具有较大的韧性,岩石强度相对减弱,与龙门山北部相比不易于应力积累和产生破裂,因而汶川以南的龙门山断裂缺少余震活动.龙门山地区地壳厚度明显增加,其原因与中下地壳具备较大的柔韧性有关.由于青藏东部向东挤出时受到四川盆地刚性岩石层的阻挡,龙门山中下地壳的塑性变形和垂向物质的增加导致地壳厚度加大和莫霍面下沉,以此方式吸收了龙门山地区的大部分地壳缩短量,地表则强烈褶皱抬升形成数千米的龙门山脉.     

Poisson's ratio of eclogite: Implications for lower crustal delamination of orogens

Eclogite is essentially a bi-mineralogic high-grade metamorphic rock consisting of garnet and omphacite and is the product of high-to-ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of basaltic rocks due to the subduction of oceanic crust or the thickening/subduction of …     

Seismic velocity and Poisson’s ratio tomography of the crust beneath southwest Anatolia: an insight into the occurrence of large earthquakes

The western part of Anatolia is one of the most seismically and tectonically active continental regions in the world, and much of it has been undergoing NS-directed extensional deformation since the Early Miocene. In this study, we determine 3-D tomographic images of the crust under the southwestern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone by inverting a large number of arrival time data of P and S waves. From the obtained P- and S-wave velocity models, we estimated the Poisson’s ratio structures for a more reliable interpretation of the obtained anomalies. Our tomographic results confirmed the major tectonic features detected by previous studies and revealed new structural heterogeneities related to the active seismotectonics of the studied area. High P-wave velocity anomalies are recognized near the surface, while at deeper crustal layers, low P-wave velocities are widely distributed. The crustal S-wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio exhibit more structural heterogeneities compared to the P-wave velocity structure. Microearthquake activity is intense along highly heterogeneous zones in the southwestern part, which is characterized by low to high P-wave velocity, low S-wave velocity, and high Poisson’s ratio anomalies. Large earthquakes are also concentrated in zones dominated by low velocities and low to high Poisson’s ratios. Results of the checkerboard and synthetic tests indicate that the imaged anomalies are reliable features down to a depth of 25 km. Moreover, they are consistent with many geological and geophysical results obtained by other researchers along the southwestern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. An erratum to this article can be found at