搅拌摩擦加工制备镁合金表面复合层的显微组织和力学性能

选用轧态AZ31镁合金为基体、C60颗粒为增强相,采用搅拌摩擦加工技术(FSP)制备镁合金表面复合材料,搅拌针头旋转速度为600 r·min~(-1),加工速度为118 mm·min~(-1),分别进行1～3道次FSP加工后,通过金相、透射、硬度和拉伸等测试,对搅拌加工区复合显微组织和力学性能进行表征分析。研究表明:FSP可使镁合金晶粒显著细化; C60加入后,在1～3道次FSP内,随着加工道次升高,C60分散程度上升,复合材料平均晶粒尺寸降低,材料硬度上升,抗拉强度上升,但弥散于晶间的团聚颗粒使其拉伸性能低于母材;添加C60后的试样中,2道次硬度有明显上升,最高硬度可达母材的1. 73倍,3道次试样硬度平均值最高。结果表明,可通过FSP制备镁基表面复合层强化材料。     

含氮气氛FSP表面改性纯钛的微结构和织构

本文研究了含氮气氛下FSP表面改性纯钛的微结构和织构。结果表明：FSP纯钛搅拌区为等轴晶粒,靠近AS侧和RS侧的动态再结晶晶粒平均晶粒尺寸为2.29μm,近表面和中心区受温升和摩擦搅拌的综合作用,平均晶粒尺寸分别长大至6.48μm和8.64μm。FSP热机影响区呈梯度分布,靠近搅拌区部分晶粒细化破碎严重;远离搅拌区部分,原始晶粒变形小,以形变孪生机制为主。AS侧、底部和RS侧的热机影响区宽度分别为900μm,700μm和480μm。热机影响区内主要形成{10-12}拉伸孪晶。搅拌针形状是FSP纯钛微区织构演变的重要影响因素,搅拌区晶粒的c轴接近于PD方向。受搅拌区晶粒细化和加工硬化共同作用,搅拌区硬度整体高于母材,硬度最大值达到223.7HV_0.5。     

多次搅拌下TiN颗粒增强铝基复合层组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦加工制备了TiN颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究了搅拌次数对复合层晶粒尺寸、硬度、拉伸及磨损性能的影响。结果表明:搅拌加工时添加TiN颗粒可提高复合层的硬度、耐磨性。添加TiN颗粒的试样经4道次搅拌后,搅拌区最高硬度为136 HV,为同道次未加颗粒的1.12倍。未添加颗粒时复合层摩擦系数为0.5左右,添加颗粒时仅为0.3左右。经4道次加工后添加TiN颗粒的复合材料强度由未添加时的380.40 MPa下降到329.97 MPa。随搅拌次数的增加,搅拌区晶粒细化程度得以提高,TiN颗粒分布更加均匀,但搅拌次数对TiN颗粒增强铝基复合材料的强度和硬度影响不大。     

多次搅拌下SiC颗粒增强铝基复合层组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦加工制备SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究搅拌次数对复合层晶粒尺寸、硬度、拉伸及磨损性能的影响。结果表明,搅拌加工时添加SiC颗粒可提高复合层的硬度、耐磨性,但会降低其强度。随着搅拌次数的增加,复合材料硬度得到提高,添加SiC颗粒的试样经4道次搅拌后搅拌区平均硬度130 HV,而未添加颗粒时为118 HV。添加颗粒试样搅拌4次后,抗拉强度比搅拌1次试样强度明显提高,可达360.6 MPa,可达铝合金母材的68.5%。添加颗粒能够提高复合层的耐磨性,未添加颗粒时复合层摩擦系数为0.6,相比添加颗粒时仅为0.5。随着搅拌次数的增加,搅拌区晶粒细化程度得以提高,SiC颗粒分布更加均匀。     

熔体内原位制备Al3Ti增强铝基复合材料的研究

5Al-Ti体系粉末压坯在铝液中原位反应,经搅拌浇注后制备出Al3Ti颗粒增强的铝基复合材料.分析了5Al-Ti体系粉末的反应过程及热力学,探讨了工艺参数对复合材料微观组织形态的影响及形成机理.研究发现,5Al-Ti体系粉末在850℃预热时,发生剧烈的热爆反应生成Al3Ti;压坯在铝液中预热经搅拌浇注后Al3Ti颗粒在铝基体上呈细小块状和短棒状分布,复合材料硬度随着Al3Ti颗粒含量的增多而提高;合适的搅拌工艺有助于Al3Ti颗粒在铝基体上的均匀分布.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基复合材料组织性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工法制备铝基SiC复合层,研究不同加工道次下SiC颗粒在复合层中的分布形态,并对复合层的组织形貌和显微硬度进行分析。结果表明:加工次数的增加,有利于复合层中SiC颗粒的均匀分布,经4道次搅拌摩擦加工后复合层中SiC颗粒分布均匀,基体金属组织中粗大Si相和枝晶完全消失,组织被明显细化。增强相SiC颗粒的加入使复合层显微硬度得到提高,4道次加工后搅拌摩擦中心区显微硬度最高值为71 HV,较基体金属(45HV)提高了26 HV,搅拌摩擦区的显微硬度平均值为68HV,为基体金属显微硬度(45HV)的1.5倍。     

《搅拌摩擦加工制备GNPs/Al复合材料的微观结构与力学性能》

本文以纯铝为基体，利用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)制备GNPs/Al复合材料，研究了复合材料基体组织、增强相与界面等微观结构与力学性能，探讨了其增强机理。结果表明，添加GNPs并经FSP后复合材料基体晶粒得到明显细化且晶界由小角度为主转变为大角度为主；FSP制备过程致使GNPs片层一定程度剥离的同时，较大片径的GNPs被破碎而形成众多边缘缺陷，使其易发生Al-C原子扩散，结果在GNPs边缘与基体形成界面过渡；GNPs加入量约1.8vol%时，复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到72MPa和147MPa，较同等条件FSP的基体分别提高了89.5%和79.3%，理论计算界面载荷传递、Orowan和细晶强化依次是复合材料的主要增强机制；随着GNPs加入量的增加，复合材料屈服强度实验值与理论值的增长趋势一致，且偏差也略有提高，但可能因GNPs在复合材料中的杂乱排布，界面载荷传递强化不能充分发挥，实际的复合材料屈服强度与理论值尚有差距。     

添加Mg对SiCp/Al复合材料显微组织及磨损性能影响

采用半固态机械搅拌法制备了不同Mg添加量的SiCp增强铝基复合材料,并对其微观组织、硬度及耐磨特性进行研究.结果袁明,合金元素Mg的添加,改善了SiC颗粒与铝基体的润湿性,并形成良好的冶金结合,提高了SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度;Mg加入量为2%时,SiC颗粒分布较为弥散,SiCp/Al复合材料的相对磨损率小,耐磨性能好.     

高体积分数MWCNTs/AZ80复合材料的显微组织

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备体积分数为19.5%的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)增强AZ80镁基复合材料,研究经多道次搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)加工后复合材料的显微组织和MWCNTs在基体中的分布和稳定性,分析MWCNTs与基体的界面结构特征。结果表明:多道次FSP能提高MWCNTs在基体中的分散性,并在基体中形成了纳米晶,晶体尺寸仅5 nm左右。经多道次FSP后,MWCNTs在径向上的多壁结构未受到机械损伤,但经7道次加工后,在复合材料中发现有少量Al4C3相;碳纳米管与镁基体以半共格的界面形式相接。     

液态搅拌铸造玻璃/铝基复合材料的研究

利用机械搅拌法在液态下将玻璃颗粒分散于金属铝液中,制备了玻璃／铝基复合材料。对该复合材料的复合工艺和常规力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：玻璃／铝基复合材料中,玻璃颗粒分布较均匀,与基体结合良好;同基体合金相比较,玻璃／铝基复合材料具有一定的强度,硬度和耐磨有很大的提高。     

搅拌铸造SiC_p/A356复合材料的显微组织及力学性能

采用搅拌铸造技术制备质量分数为15%的SiCp增强A356铝基复合材料,并对所制备的复合材料进行后续热挤压变形。通过金相观察(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试等手段,对该复合材料显微组织与力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的复合材料铸态组织中,SiCp较均匀地分布于基体中,SiCp与Al界面处存在Si原子的富集;热挤压变形后,显微气孔等铸造缺陷明显减少,材料致密度显著提高,SiCp沿热挤压方向呈流线分布特征,颗粒均匀分散性明显提高;采用535℃×5h固溶+180℃×5h时效处理后,热挤压棒材的力学性能为:σs=370MPa,σb=225MPa,δ=5.3%,时效后析出强化相大小约为200nm,且弥散分布于基体中;断口分析表明,SiCp/A356铝基复合材料的断裂主要是由基体的塑性断裂及SiCp的断裂导致的。     

Production of High-Strength Al/Al2O3/WC Composite by Accumulative Roll Bonding

In this study, Al/Al₂O₃/WC composites were fabricated via the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and deformation texture of the composite samples were reported. The results illustrated that when the number of cycles was increased, the distribution of particles in the aluminum matrix improved, and the particles became finer. The microstructure of the fabricated composites after eight cycles of the ARB process showed an excellent distribution of reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix. Elongated ultrafine grains were formed in the ARB-processed specimens of the Al/Al₂O₃/WC composite. It was observed that as the strain increased with the number of cycles, the tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation of produced composites increased as well. The results indicated that after ARB process, the overall texture intensity increases and a different-strong texture develops. The main textural component is the Rotated Cube component.     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of MWCNTs-reinforced aluminum composites by hot extrusion

Over the past decade,the interest in aluminum composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes has grown significantly.Studies have been carried out to overcome problems with uniform dispersion,interfacial bonding,void formation and carbide formation of the composites.In the present work,multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)aluminum composites were produced.High-energy ball milling with the aim at developing well-dispersed MWCNTs Al composites was followed by cold compaction,sintering,and hot extrusion at 500 ℃.Different amounts of stearic acid as processing control agent(PCA)is used in order to minimize cold welding of the Al particles,and to produce finer particles.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were employed to analyze the MWCNTs,the aluminum powder,and the composites' microstructural behavior.The hardness and tensile properties of the composites are also evaluated.The results showed 500％ increase in yield stress after the addition of 1 wt％ MWCNTs in Al-MWCNTs based composite.The ball-milling time of 4 h is found to be sufficient as excessive milling time destroys a vast number of MWCNTs.     

Development of roping in an aluminum automotive alloy AA6111

The roping behavior of an automotive sheet alloy AA6111 was investigated for two processing schedules that led to the production of: (1) roping and (2) non-roping materials. In contrast to the data available in the literature, this study shows that both ridges and valleys on the upper and lower surfaces are irregularly distributed in the rolling direction (RD) and that ribbed profiles and corrugations are rare. The electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) experiments demonstrated that banded structures of Goss are more evident throughout the specimen thickness than similar bands of Cube texture. The volume texture of the hotband comprised of the strong brass–copper–S fiber, while exclusively Cube texture was present in the non-roping material. In addition to the Cube, the Goss, G1, S and [100]//RD fiber components were produced in specimens associated with roping. The present study shows that the spatial distribution of the Goss component is responsible for the roping behavior in aluminum alloy AA6111.     

近零膨胀ZrW2 O8/Al6013复合材料的制备与性能

介绍了模压浸渗复合法制备ZrW2Os/Al6013复合材料的工艺过程,并对该复合材料的组织和热膨胀性能进行了初步探讨.结果表明,复合材料中ZrW2O8与Al未发生界面反应,铝液均匀致密地分布在ZrW2O8颗粒间隙中,没有大面积聚结和偏析发生,最终得到致密度高、ZrW2Os体分比高、基体金属与ZrW2O8结合强度高、近零膨胀(热膨胀系数为3×10-6K-1)的ZrW2O8/Al6013复合材料.     

The role of Metal-Matrix Composite development During Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum to Brass in Weld Characteristics

The present research aims to investigate the development of brass reinforced aluminum composites during dissimilar friction stir welding of brass and aluminum. Moreover, to probe the effect of such a metal matrix composite on its bed, the cross-sectional properties of joint area are studied in two aspects of corrosion behavior and hardness distribution. Microstructural investigations through optical and electron microscopy show development of lamellar composites within the top site of the stir zone and aluminum surface. The measured iso-hardness contours indicate that evolved composite structures increase the cross-sectional hardness of aluminum locally. Also, the electrochemical assessment of joint area suggests that Al/Br composite structure plays an accelerative role in deterioration of cross-sectional corrosion resistance of aluminum through obstructing passivation and forming microgalvanic cells, where cathodic brass reinforcements intensify the corrosion of anodic aluminum matrix.     

原位合成(Al_2O_3+Al_3Ti)_P/Al复合材料的制备研究

通过对Al-TiO_2-SiO_2体系混合粉末固-液原位合成制备出了(Al_2O_3+Al_3Ti)_P/Al复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等方法观察分析了其物相和显微组织形貌.结果表明:原位反应制备的(Al_2O_3+Al_3Ti)_P/Al复合材料,金属间化合物增强相Al_3Ti均匀分布于基体,陶瓷相Al_2O_3颗粒非常细小,弥散分布于基体中,使材料的硬度等性能得到提高.     

深冷处理对15%SiCp/2009铝基复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

采用硬度测试、X射线衍射物相分析、力学性能测试和透射电镜(TEM)观测等方式,研究长时间深冷处理对固溶-时效处理的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响,并从材料组织角度分析了深冷处理改善碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料力学性能的机理。结果表明,与未经深冷处理的时效态铝基复合材料相比,经深冷处理的铝基复合材料试样提前2 h达到硬度峰值,约211.7 HV0.1,且整个时效阶段硬度均高于未深冷处理试样;时效早期(欠时效)阶段,经深冷时效处理的颗粒增强铝基复合材料试样组织中存在细小且均匀分布的针状析出相,而对比时效试样组织未见明显析出现象; 过时效阶段中,深冷-时效试样与时效试样均存在大尺寸析出相,且后者析出相尺寸、分布明显不均匀,但两者的力学性能随时效时间的延长而趋于近乎一致,说明深冷处理的影响降低。     

搅拌摩擦加工原位反应制备Al_3Ti-Al表面复合层

通过在铝合金1100-H14表面加工矩形凹槽并添加微米级钛粉再进行搅拌摩擦加工(friction stir processing,FSP)的方法,在铝合金表面获得Al3Ti-Al复合层.采用扫描电镜(SEM),能谱分析(EDS)以及X射线衍射(XRD)对表面复合层微观结构及相组成进行了分析,并对复合层的显微硬度进行了检测.结果表明,在FSP强烈的热、力耦合作用下,钛粉产生了碎化,破碎后的钛颗粒与铝产生快速原位反应,生成微米和亚微米级Al3Ti颗粒,残留的钛颗粒和细小的Al3Ti颗粒一同均匀地分布于铝合金基体中,从而使得铝合金表面的硬度得到提高,其平均值达到了71.39HV,为基体硬度的2.1倍.     

超声化学原位合成Al2O3（p）/Al纳米复合材料的组织及其机理（英文）

采用超声化学原位反应,以Al-K2ZrF6-Na2B4O7为反应体系,制备Al2O3(p)/Al纳米复合材料。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜,研究高能超声对复合材料组织和颗粒收得率的影响及加入K2ZrF6对反应过程以及增强颗粒与铝基体的界面的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)结果表明:所制备的复合材料增强颗粒为Al2O3,Al2O3颗粒在基体中分布均匀,其形貌为近球形,尺寸20~100nm,界面干净且无界面产物。利用经过二次开发的Image-J软件对Al2O3颗粒收得率进行分析,结果表明,Al2O3颗粒收得率随着超声功率的增大呈现出先增大后减小的变化规律。当超声功率达到0.4kW时,颗粒分布最好且数量最多。并对其反应机理也进行了探讨。