基于光流方向信息熵统计的微表情捕捉

以光流法为依据,提出了一种基于光流方向信息熵(entropy of oriented optical flow,EOF)统计的方法捕捉微表情关键帧.首先,采用改进的Horn--Schunck光流法提取视频流中相邻两帧图像的微表情运动特征;其次,采用阈值分析法筛选出投影速度模值较大的光流向量;之后,采用图像信息熵统计光流变化角度,进而得到视频序列的方向信息熵向量,通过对熵向量的分析,实现微表情关键帧捕捉;最后,本实验采用芬兰奥卢大学的SMIC微表情数据库和中国科学院心理研究所傅小兰的CASME微表情数据库作为实验样本,通过与传统的帧差法比较,证明了本文提出的算法优于帧差法,能够较好地表现出微表情变化趋势,为微表情识别提供基础.     

基于盒注意力机制和Transformer的人脸微表情识别方法

微表情是一种细微的能够体现人真实心理活动的面部运动,通常与真实情感直接相关,应用前景广阔。但由于微表情持续时间短暂、表情幅度低和特征难以提取等特点,因此其识别准确率较低。针对该问题,提出了基于盒注意力机制和Transformer的人脸微表情识别模型(vision transformer based on box-attention, ViT-Box)。该模型首先对人脸面部进行特征提取,利用盒注意力机制获得自适应的面部微表情关键区域：左眉眼、右眉眼和嘴巴;然后对非关键区域进行掩码遮盖,避免微表情无关信息干扰;最后基于Vision Transformer网络实现人脸微表情识别。ViT-Box模型在微-宏表情仓库(MMEW)数据集上取得了98.68%的平均准确率,实验结果表明该模型在微表情识别上能够获得优秀的识别效果。同时通过消融实验验证了ViT-Box模型的有效性。     

基于特征优化与稀疏表示的3D掌纹分类

针对大数据背景下3D掌纹技术存在的问题,提出一种基于优化投影矩阵的3D掌纹稀疏表示识别技术架构。系统首先提取3D掌纹表面类型特征,然后利用分块方向梯度直方图构成训练样本,通过优化设计投影矩阵,使得同类掌纹投影特征互相关性变大,异类掌纹投影特征互相关性变小;最后利用投影后3D掌纹特征稀疏表示分类,并比较L0/L1/L2范数各种快速算法性能。通过投影优化后的系统,在识别率和实时性上都有所改善,仿真实验证实了研究工作的有效性。     

一种深度自编码器面部表情识别新方法

为解决面部表情特征维度高的问题,该文提出了一种基于深度学习自编码器的表情识别新方法,该方法利用深度自编码器在多层隐层上进行特征选择,能够在较低维度上表示高维度的面部特征.首先采用定向梯度直方图从面部表情的选定区域提取特征,然后在多个层面上使用深度自编码器,得到最优编码特征,降低特征维度,最后使用支持向量机模型对降维特征进行分类.实验表明,与其他现有特征选择和降维技术相比,该文方法提取的特征优于其他特征,并能够有效实现面部表情识别.     

基于弹性模板和K近邻结合的表情识别算法

视频流中检测到的关键帧图像包含了足够的表情信息,为了将这些表情信息进行分类和识别,文章提出了一种新的弹性模板匹配算法,它首先针对经Gabor小波变换后的表情模板,运用模板图像中表情关键点的检测算法,根据表情关键点的特征信息,构造表情弹性图,通过改变表情模板弹性图中关键点的位置,将表情模板与被测表情弹性图进行非刚性匹配,进而得到两者之间的相似程度,最后通过改进的K-近邻分类策略,实现被测图像表情的有效分类与识别.     

基于C均值K近邻算法的面部表情识别

随着人工智能与模式识别技术的不断发展,面部表情识别在智能人机交互中发挥着越来越重要的作用．通过对人的面部表情分类的研究,提出了一种使用C均值聚类、K近邻算法的面部表情分类方法．对参加训练的表情图像先进行Gabor小波变换,然后使用Fisherface判别分析方法进行变换,求得特征空间．再将已进行Gabor变换的标准表情图像投影到特征空间,进行C均值聚类得到子类表情模板．对于一幅待识别的表情图像,使用K近邻算法与子类表情模板比较,将该表情图像分类．使用该方法,在公开的日本女人表情人脸库上实测达到了95．8％的识别率．     

基于特征融合的面部表情识别

针对传统Gabor变换在提取表情特征时,冗余较大、特征维数较高的不足,结合ASM自动特征定位技术,提出了一种基于特征点Gabor特征和ASM形状特征相融合的面部表情识别方法. 实验表明,两种特征的融合,可有效地利用特征点的局部纹理信息和脸部器官的整体形状信息,达到了更好的面部表情识别效果.     

基于关键子区域及特征提取的表情识别

针对传统表情识别系统不能充分提取关键子区域及有效特征的缺陷,设计了基于关键子区域及特征提取的表情识别系统。首先使用面部关键点检测技术及面部编码系统筛选出关键子区域;然后对其进行特征提取。提出一种改进的局部梯度编码算子(LGC)、局部均值梯度编码算子(LMGC-HD);改进的算子具有更低的维度,能够充分地描述局部形变;且受随机噪声及边缘变化影响小。最后使用支持向量机(SVM)进行分类识别。采用CK+数据集进行实验,结果证明该系统能够有效地提高人脸表情的识别率。     

改进残差网络与峰值帧的微表情识别

目的 微表情(Micro Expression, ME)是人们流露内心情感时展现出的细微面部表情。针对微表情识别的样本较少且不同类别数量分布不均导致难以识别和识别准确率较低的问题,提出能够提高微表情识别准确率的模型框架。方法 提取微表情视频序列中含有更多关键表情信息的峰值帧;使用加入SE模块的改进残差网络SE-ResNeXt-50对微表情的峰值帧进行特征提取,其中SE模块可以更好地学习特征中的关键信息,ResNeXt通过分组卷积的方式用稀疏结构取代密集结构从而使结构更加简化,提升了识别效率。与此同时,使用Focal Loss损失函数可以更好地解决因微表情数据的不平衡带来的模型性能问题。结果 在微表情数据集CASMEⅡ上进行了仿真实验,可以发现改进的残差网络与峰值帧提高了微表情识别的准确率与F1值。结论 改进的残差网络与峰值帧可以降低数据集较少所带来的影响,使模型有着良好的拟合效果,同时改善了在不同类别上表现差异较大的问题,提升了微表情的识别准确率,对于微表情识别有着更好的识别性能。     

可解释时空卷积网络的微表情识别应用

面部微表情具有持续时间短、强度低等特点,因此微表情识别的准确率较低,且当前提出的基于深度学习的微表情识别方法难以理解网络模型的决策原因,以至于难以应用于实际.针对该问题提出一种基于残差单元的可解释时空卷积网络用于微表情识别的方法,该方法通过使用时空卷积网络,将微表情视频帧序列作为输入,并解释网络模型参数与特征,在实现模型可解释性的同时,提高了微表情识别的准确率.在CASME2、SMIC和SAMM数据集上对提出方法进行验证,实验结果表明,本文方法优于目前大部分基于深度学习的微表情识别方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.