燃烧加热污染空气对超燃冲压发动机性能影响研究

针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H₂/O₂七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。      

电池模组液冷板冲压结构设计及其散热性能研究

为了探究液冷板冲压结构对电池模组散热性能的影响,对液冷板的冲压结构参数进行了分析与设计,采用CFD(计算流体动力学)流固热耦合数值计算方法,对不同液冷板流道结构参数下的散热性能、能耗以及均温性能进行了分析。结果表明:减小中心流道宽度,液冷系统的散热均温性能提升明显;中心流道宽度W5等于7 mm时,平均温度降低了2.5%,而最大温差降低了7.7%。流道深度越小,系统的散热均温性能越好,能耗亦大幅增加;流道深度为2 mm时,平均温度下降了26.9%,最大温差下降了32.7%,流阻升高了3.4倍。添加强化传热结构后,液冷系统的平均温度降低了3.8%、最大温差下降了15.1%;相比整体区域添加强化传热结构,部分区域添加强化传热结构可以减小流阻、降低能耗,而不引起系统的散热均温性能的显著变化。     

弯曲工位模具的虚拟仿真设计的研究

在板料冲压弯曲成形中,由于工件形状比较复杂,且成形过程受材料性能、冲压力和速度等诸多因素的影响,在模具设计时难以计算其回弹量.本文借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA模块,对成形过程进行了显式动力学分析,模拟了其冲压成形过程,计算和仿真了冲压成形过程中的应力和变形状态;在此基础上进行了隐式静力学分析,模拟了其回弹过程,计算和预测了卸载后的回弹量,为精确设计冲压弯曲模具做了有意义的探索.     

超高强度钢板热冲压成形研究与进展

超高强度钢板的热冲压成形技术是减轻车身质量、提高汽车抗冲击和防撞性能的重要途径之一.在分析热冲压技术对钢板及模具材料、设计要求的基础上,总结了国内外对于热冲压超高强度钢板开发及研究概况,分析了超高强度钢板热冲压成形技术的研究现状及主要研究方向,讨论了超高强度钢板热冲压成形领域要解决的关键问题,对于超高强度钢板热冲压成形技术在汽车工业中的应用有一定的指导意义.     

基于偏最小二乘回归模型的激光焊缝宽度预测与控制方法

激光焊接焊缝是激光拼焊板成形性能的重要影响因素之一,同时也是导致拼焊板在冲压过程中出现破裂失效的导火索。因此,为了提高激光拼焊板成形性能和减少在冲压过程中出现破裂的次数就必须对焊缝宽度加以预测和控制,以期提出优化的焊接工艺。利用有限元软件对激光焊接过程进行三维动态温度场模拟,通过分析试验钢板节点温度分布情况,计算出焊缝宽度。在此基础上,利用偏最小二乘回归方法建立了激光焊缝宽度预测模型。运用本研究预测模型,焊缝宽度预测相对误差均在5%以下,充分验证了该预测模型的合理性和适用性。结合模型的辅助分析技术,提出一种如何优化焊接工艺参数以获得预期焊缝宽度的方法。     

基于sobol法的热成形工艺参数全局灵敏度分析及优化设计

基于Archard理论,运用有限元软件对热冲压过程进行数值模拟分析,计算冲压过程中模具表面磨损。提出一种计算热成形工艺参数灵敏度的方法,该方法基于蒙特卡洛法和响应面法,建立主要工艺参数的磨损量响应面近似模型,进而采用sobol全局灵敏度分析法和蒙特卡洛法对工艺参数的全局灵敏度进行分析。结果表明,冲压速度、板料温度和模具温度对磨损的影响最大。在此基础上对冲压速度及板料温度进行优化设计,以使磨损量达到最小。     

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 为了合理选材,采用UG三维建模软件对某空调隔板零件进行了抽选和修补,采用DYNAFORM冲压仿真软件和修补后的零件模型对冲压成形过程进行了分析计算,根据仿真计算结果提出了适合该零件冲压工艺的材料是DX53D。投料试验结果表明DX53D材料是完全能够满足该空调隔板零件的工业化生产要求的,成形性能及性价比均较高,有限元仿真计算是空调零件选材分析的有效方法。     

一种污水灌溉喷头流道的数值模拟及结构优化

喷头是喷灌系统的重要组成部分,喷头内流道的能量损失直接影响到整个喷灌系统的喷洒质量。通过三维软件UG建立了喷头内流道的二维片体CFD模型,并以Fluent软件为平台,运用N-S方程和k-ε方程对喷头内流道的速度、压力、湍流动能等做了两相流数值模拟计算,计算结果表明:传统摇臂式喷头内流道中存在速度旋流、压力损耗与湍流动能突变等缺陷,能量损失较大。根据此仿真结果,对喷头流道的结构作了相应的优化,优化后的喷头流道速度旋流、压力损耗与湍流动能突变等缺陷得到明显的改善,能量损失减小。表明采用CFD方法能较好地模拟流道内部流动情况,为喷头流道结构的优化提供参考。     

不锈钢焊接凝固裂纹温度场的数值模拟

进行不钢焊接凝固裂纹温度场分析与数据模拟。首先将电弧民辐射状对称并呈高斯分布的二维热流作用于工件表面,解决了电弧产热问题;其次,通过液淬法测试金属的固相分数随温度变化率,得到了凝固热放率;最皇采用增大热传导系数的方法,考虑了熔池内流体流动对整个温度场的影响。在此基础上,建立了二维焊接凝固裂纹温度场计算模型。此外,采用有限元方法计算了二维焊接凝固纹温度场,并研究了焊接规范参数及材料的热物理性能对 影     

基于偏最小二乘回归模型的激光焊缝宽度预测与控制方法

激光焊接焊缝是激光拼焊板成形性能的重要影响因素之一,同时也是导致拼焊板在冲压过程中出现破裂失效的导火索.因此,为了优化焊接工艺以及激光拼焊板成形性能就必须对焊缝宽度加以预测与控制.利用有限元软件对激光焊接过程进行三维动态温度场模拟,通过分析试验钢板节点温度分布情况,计算出焊缝宽度.在此基础上,利用偏最小二乘同归方法建立了激光焊缝宽度预测模型.运用本文预测模型,焊缝宽度预测相对误差均在5%以下,充分验证了该预测模型的合理性及适用性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.