新冠肺炎疫情期间广东省中小学生情绪行为问题及影响因素

目的 了解广东省中小学生新冠肺炎疫情期间情绪行为问题现况及其影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施提供依据.方法 于2020年3-4月,方便选取广州市、湛江市和中山市7 755名中小学生进行线上问卷调查,采用Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)评定情绪行为问题,使用自编生活行为方式调查问卷收集中小学生的基本情况和情绪行为问题影...     

上海市中小学生新冠肺炎疫情前后屏幕使用行为分析

  目的  调查并分析上海市中小学生在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情前后不同时期屏幕使用时长和屏幕用眼卫生的现状及影响因素, 为精准实施中小学生近视防控方案提供科学依据。  方法  采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取上海市闵行区24所小学、18所初中和16所高中的11 402名学生, 进行家长和学生本人问卷调查, 了解在新冠肺炎疫情暴发前后不同时期中小学生各类屏幕使用时长和屏幕使用卫生行为及相关因素。  结果  非疫情平时上学日、非疫情双休日寒暑假和疫情居家学习期间的屏幕使用过度率分别为7.26%, 9.12%和35.30%。疫情居家学习期间, 手机和平板电脑的使用过度率随学段升高而升高, 16.30%的中小学生使用手机在线学习。未被诊断为近视者屏幕使用过度率在疫情居家学习期间低于曾被诊断者(OR=0.77, P < 0.05);父母文化程度越高的孩子在双休日寒暑假期间的屏幕使用过度率越低(P < 0.05)。在任何时期内, 学校布置的作业中用到屏幕比例高、不良的家庭屏幕用眼环境增加了屏幕使用过度及不良屏幕用眼卫生的风险(P值均 < 0.05);父母的榜样行为有利于降低相应的风险(OR=0.65~0.97, P值均 < 0.05)。在家庭对屏幕使用时长有规定的情况下, 实行不严格也会增加使用过度的风险(OR=1.18~2.48, P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  城市中小学生居家学习期间的屏幕使用过度率较高, 学校作业中的屏幕使用比例、家庭屏幕用眼环境和屏幕使用管理都与中小学生屏幕过度使用有关。需关注学生使用手机在线学习情况, 已发生近视和父母文化程度低的学生也是重点关注对象。     

新冠肺炎疫情初期上海市学龄儿童网课相关电子屏幕使用行为及影响因素分析

目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情初期上海市学龄儿童网课相关电子屏幕使用时长和类型,为加强相关健康教育提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样,于2020年4月抽取上海市嘉定区、浦东新区和宝山区国家近视调查学校库中的8所中小学5 591名学生家长作为研究对象,采用电子问卷对家长开展疫情期间学生网课行为相关调查.结果 学生个人每周网课相关电...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情控制期无锡市学龄前儿童视屏行为及影响因素分析

探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情控制期学龄前儿童视屏行为及亲子运动和幼儿园线上教育对儿童视屏行为的改善作用,为有效控制学龄前儿童视屏行为提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取无锡市7所幼儿园2 370名在园儿童的家长进行网络问卷调查,分析疫情控制期学龄前儿童视屏现状及其影响因素.结果 1 428名(60.3%)儿童每日累计视屏时长超过1h,1 915名(80.8%)一次连续视屏时长超过20 min;与疫情前的周末相比,1 551名(65.4%)儿童每日累计视屏时长增加了10 min,1 444名(60.9%)儿童一次连续视屏时长增加了5min.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,亲子游戏频率高、父母有锻炼习惯、幼儿园开展线上教育及儿童积极参与线上教育与疫情控制期学龄前儿童视屏行为超标和增加呈负相关(OR=0.39~0.79,P值均<0.05).结论 疫情控制期无锡市学龄前儿童视屏行为严峻,亲子运动和幼儿园线上教育可对减少儿童视屏行为产生积极作用.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生视疲劳与用眼护眼情况的相关性

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称新冠疫情)居家学习期间大学生用眼护眼情况与视疲劳的关系,为促进大学生用眼卫生提供科学依据.方法 2020年3月1日—7月1日,采用分层整群抽样方法,以网上填写问卷调查的方式调查安徽省内8所高校2 671名大学生.调查内容有一般情况、视疲劳症状、日常用眼及护眼情况等.结果 大学生视...     

新冠肺炎疫情期间学龄前儿童饮食行为及家庭影响因素分析

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称"新冠肺炎")流行期间居家幼儿的饮食行为及影响因素,为指导学龄前儿童健康饮食提供科学依据.方法 2020年3月18-20日,整群抽取深圳市5所幼儿园共1 829名学龄前儿童进行电子问卷调查,采用SPSS 19.0对饮食行为的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 新冠肺炎疫情期间...     

新冠肺炎疫情期间医学生手机成瘾与生活行为和心理健康的关系

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生手机成瘾状况及与日常生活行为和心理健康的关联,为高校开展大学生健康教育及心理疏导工作提供基础数据参考.方法 于2020年2月24日-3月4日,对广东省和山西省2所省属医药类院校10 357名在读大学生进行网络问卷调查,问卷包含人口学特征、手机成瘾、生活作息、身体活动、体重变化、焦...     

新冠肺炎疫情期间医学生返校后焦虑情绪及影响因素

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")疫情期间返校大学生的焦虑心理现状及其影响因素,为疫情防控期间缓解大学生焦虑情绪提供方法和依据。方法采用群体横断面调查,2020年5月2—9日调查南京医科大学、中国药科大学、南京中医药大学3所医药类高校共4 750名学生,采用Zung焦虑自评测量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)对学生的心理焦虑情况进行测量,采用自制问卷对焦虑心理的影响因素进行调查。结果新冠肺炎疫情期间,医药类高校返校大学生中20.0%有轻度焦虑情绪,6.5%为中度或重度焦虑。不能适应学校封闭管理的大学生焦虑情绪检出率较高,为52.9%;每天线下课程时间≥6 h焦虑情绪检出率较高,为36.0%;从不进行体育锻炼焦虑情绪检出率为43.5%;不参加线上文体活动焦虑情绪检出率为41.6%;因无法与朋友见面而产生孤独感焦虑情绪检出率较高,为40.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,大学生对学校封闭管理的适应程度、对校园消杀工作的认可程度、是否参加聚集性活动、每天线下课程时间、每天线上学习时间、对考试紧张程度、规律作息、体育锻炼频率、线上文体活动等是返...     

武汉市小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎防控健康行为现状及影响因素分析

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")疫情期间武汉市小学生新冠肺炎防控健康行为情况及影响因素,为下一步开展防控健康教育和健康促进工作提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取武汉市12所小学。依托"问卷星"平台,被抽中学校的班主任通过QQ群或微信群发问卷链接给学生,共调查8 569名小学生。结果武汉市小学生新冠肺炎防控健康行为具备率为39.3%,其中戴口罩、手卫生和其他健康行为水平分别为53.4%,42.0%和75.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别为女生、年级为三四和五六年级、母亲文化程度为硕士及以上的小学生具备新冠肺炎防控总体健康行为的可能性更高[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.13(1.04～1.24),1.18(1.06～1.31),1.58(1.41～1.75),1.62(1.00～2.62),P值均<0.05];与父亲职业是国家机关、企事业单位管理者的小学生相比,父亲职业是专业技术人员和普通员工的小学生具备新冠肺炎防控总体健康行为的可能性更低[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为0.78(0.61～0.99),0.72(0.58～0.90),P值均&l...     

新冠肺炎疫情期间某高校返校大学生睡眠质量及影响因素

目的 探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间某高校首批返校大学生的睡眠质量情况及影响因素,为采取相应措施提供科学依据.方法 采用整群调查的方法对安徽中医药高等专科学校2 701名首批返校大学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、特质应对方式问卷(Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,TCSQ)和匹兹堡睡...     

Violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected children’s risk of violence in their homes, communities and online, and has compromised the ability of child protection systems to promptly detect and respond to cases of violence. However, the need to strengthen violence prevention and response services has received insufficient attention in national and global pandemic response and mitigation strategies. In this paper, we summarize the growing body of evidence on the links between the pandemic and violence against children. Drawing on the World Health Organization’s INSPIRE framework to end violence against children, we illustrate how the pandemic is affecting prevention and response efforts. For each of the seven INSPIRE strategies we identify how responses to the pandemic have changed children’s risk of violence. We offer ideas for how governments, policy-makers, and international and civil society organizations can address violence in the context of a protracted COVID-19 crisis. We conclude by highlighting how the current pandemic offers opportunities to improve existing child protection systems to address violence against children. We suggest enhanced multisectoral coordination across the health, education, law enforcement, housing, child and social protection sectors. Actions need to prioritize the primary prevention of violence and promote the central role of children and adolescents in decision-making and programme design processes. Finally, we stress the continued need for better data and evidence to inform violence prevention and response strategies that can be effective during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行现状及应对策略进展

随着北半球秋冬季节来临,以呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播为主要途径的新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎,2019冠状病毒病）给各国防控带来了新的挑战。本文从新冠病毒变异、全球流行形势、群体免疫问题、无症状感染对我国疫情防控的影响、疫苗的进展和治疗等方面对新冠肺炎流行及应对现状进行综述,以期为新形势下我国疫情防控策略的规划和调整提供借...     

新冠肺炎疫情暴发前后城市学龄前儿童屏幕用眼时间分析

  目的  了解新冠肺炎疫情前及期间城市学龄前儿童各类电子屏幕使用时间及影响因素, 为控制学龄前儿童电子屏幕使用和预防近视提供科学依据。  方法  运用多阶段整群随机抽样法, 于2020年6—7月, 横断面调查上海市闵行区幼儿园8 244名儿童, 通过家长问卷收集学龄前儿童在新冠肺炎疫情暴发前后各类电子屏幕的使用时长, 估算加权屏幕屈光时间, 分析家庭电子屏幕督导行为与学龄前儿童加权屏幕屈光时间的关联。  结果  被调查学龄前儿童新冠肺炎疫情期间每日手机、电脑/平板、电视/投影视屏时长过度检出率分别为30.52%, 51.40%, 56.82%, 而疫情前上学日三者检出率分别为21.94%, 41.80%, 47.51%。控制重要混杂因素后, 家长控制孩子使用电子屏幕的频率高、家长对孩子使用电子屏幕时间有规定并严格实施与疫情前加权屏幕屈光时间负向关联(调整OR=0.60~0.77, P值均＜0.05);家长陪伴孩子时使用电子屏幕的频率高、家长对孩子使用电子屏幕时间有规定但实施不严格与加权屏幕屈光时间和疫情期间加权屏幕屈光时间增加正向关联(调整OR=1.18~1.80, P值均＜0.05)。  结论  城市学前儿童疫情前后电子屏幕用眼时长均过长。学龄前儿童视屏行为的控制措施中, 应注重家庭内部的电子屏幕使用管理和父母自身的榜样作用。     

Willingness to vaccinate children against COVID-19 declined during the pandemic

ObjectivesTo document the level of vaccine hesitancy in caregivers’ of children younger than 12 years of age over the course of the pandemic in Pediatric Emergency Departments (ED).Study designOngoing multicenter, cross-sectional survey of caregivers presenting to 19 pediatric EDs in the USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland during first months of the pandemic (phase1), when vaccines were approved for adults (phase2) and most recently when vaccines were approved for children (phase3).ResultsWillingness to vaccinate rate declined over the study period (59.7%, 56.1% and 52.1% in the three phases). Caregivers who are fully vaccinated, who have higher education, and those worried their child had COVID-19 upon arrival to the ED, were more likely to plan to vaccinate in all three phases. Mothers were less likely to vaccinate early in the pandemic, but this hesitancy attenuated in later phases. Older caregivers were more willing to vaccinate, and caregivers of older children were less likely to vaccinate their children in phase 3. During the last phase, willingness to vaccinate was lowest in those who had a primary care provider but did not rely on their advice for medical decisions (34%). Those with no primary care provider and those who do and rely on their medical advice, had similar rates of willingness to vaccinate (55.1% and 52.1%, respectively).ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is widespread and growing over time, and public health measures should further try to leverage identified factors associated with hesitancy in order to enhance vaccination rates among children.     

Early influenza vaccination rates decline in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThis investigation sought to determine whether early season rates of pediatric influenza vaccination changed in a season when there was a concurrent COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study used cohort and cross sectional data from an academic primary care division in Southcentral Pennsylvania that serves approximately 17,500 patients across 4 practice sites. Early season (prior to November 1) vaccination rates in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were recorded for children, age 6 months to 17 years. To explore the impact of COVID-19 on vaccination, we fit a model with a logit link (estimated via generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by patient over time) on calendar year, adjusted for race, ethnicity, age, and insurance type. We examined interaction effects of demographic covariates with calendar year.ResultsEarly vaccination rates were lower in 2020 (29.7%) compared with 2018 and 2019 (34.2% and 33.3%). After adjusting for covariates and accounting for clustering over time, the odds of early vaccination in 2020 were 19% lower compared to 2018 (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.78–0.85). In 2020, children with private insurance were more likely to receive early vaccination than in 2018 (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15), whereas children with public insurance were less likely to receive early vaccination in 2020 than in 2018 (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 1.38–1.65).ConclusionsEarly influenza vaccination rates declined in a year with a concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. Modeling that accounts for individual trends and demographic variables identified specific populations with lower odds of early vaccination in 2020. Additional research is needed to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacted parental intent to obtain the influenza vaccine, or introduced barriers to healthcare access.     

Beyond COVID-19 deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Health Care Management Science - COVID-19 has disrupted society and health care systems, creating a fertile environment for deaths beyond the virus. The year 2020 will prove to be the most deadly...     

新冠肺炎流行期间大学生视屏时间、身体活动与自评健康的关系

目的 了解新冠肺炎流行期间大学生视屏时间、身体活动与自评健康的关系,探讨身体活动在视屏时间与自评健康间的调节作用.方法 采用自编问卷、身体活动量表和自评健康量表对12447名大学生进行问卷调查,采用线性分层回归模型分析身体活动对视屏时间与自评健康之间关系的调节作用.结果 大学生视屏时间为(8.1±3.0)h/d,身体活...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为及影响因素

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为现状及影响因素,为促进大学生居家体育锻炼提供参考.方法 方便抽取北京市6所高校1132名大学生利用问卷星进行体育锻炼行为与影响因素问卷调查.结果 1033名(91.25％)大学生居家参与体育锻炼,每周锻炼频次为(3.33±1.99)次,每次锻炼时长...