Kerosene-alumina nanofluid flow and heat transfer for cooling application

Kerosene-alumina nanofluid flow and heat transfer in the presence of magnetic field are studied. The basic partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations which are solved semi analytically using differential transformation method. Velocity and temperature profiles as well as the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are determined analytically. The influence of pertinent parameters such as magnetic parameter, nanofluid volume fraction, viscosity parameter and Eckert number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is discussed. Results indicate that skin friction coefficient decreases with increase of magnetic parameter, nanofluid volume fraction and viscosity parameter. Nusselt number increases with increase of magnetic parameter and nanofluid volume fraction while it decreases with increase of Eckert number and viscosity parameter.     

Analysis of heat transfer performance for turbulent viscoelastic fluid-based nanofluid using field synergy principle

In this paper,the field synergy principle is firstly performed on the viscoelastic fluid-based nanofluid and other relevant fluid in channel at turbulent flow state to scrutinize their heat transfer performance based on our direct numerical simulation database.The cosine values of intersection angle between velocity vector and temperature gradient vector are calculated for different simulated cases with varying nanoparticle volume fraction,nanoparticle diameter,Reynolds number and Weissenberg number.It is found that the filed synergy effect is enhanced when the nanoparticle volume fraction is increased,nanoparticle diameter is decreased and Weissenberg number is decreased,i.e.the heat transfer is also enhanced.However,the filed synergy effect is weakened with the increase of Reynolds number which may be the possible reason for the power function relationship in empirical correlation of heat transfer between heat transfer performance and Reynolds number with the constant power exponent lower than 1.Finally,it is also observed that the field synergy principle can be used to analyze the heat transfer process of viscoelastic fluid-based nanofluid at the turbulent flow state even if some negative cosine values of intersection angle exist in the flow field.     

发动机冷却系统内纳米流体强化换热模拟

为了提高发动机的经济性、可靠性,研究了以纳米流体作为冷却系统内的新型高效换热工质时的传热效果.分别对水、TiO2纳米流体、Al2O3纳米流体和CuO纳米流体的冷却效果进行了模拟研究,得到了冷却系统的换热系数及压力分布图.研究结果表明:TiO2、Al2O3和CuO这3种纳米流体能显著提高发动机的散热性能,与水相比,三者的平均表面换热系数分别提升了10.82%、8.43%和11.24%,而泵功则分别只增加了1.06%、1.30%和1.98%.以纳米流体作为冷却介质时,能以很小的泵功损失增加量带来换热系数的大幅度提高,有利于增强冷却系统的换热.     

纳米流体流动传热性能的实验与模拟研究

为了研究高温冷却条件下,γ-Al2O3-PG90纳米流体作为冷却介质在一车用机油冷却器内的流动传热性能,采用三维k-ε湍流模型,应用块结构网格生成技巧,融合流固耦合研究方法和薄壳导热模型数值模拟了纳米流体的性能,进行了基液与纳米流体的性能对比计算,分析了纳米粒子体积分数对性能的影响,考察了纳米流体物性预测模型的普适性,并研究了将纳米流体视为单相流体进行性能分析的可行性,通过实验测试得到了性能数据.研究发现:与基液相比,纳米流体强化换热效果明显,流动阻力有所增加,随着纳米粒子体积分数的增加,传热性能提高,流动阻力增加,说明该物性预测模型不能普适,当纳米粒子体积分数大于3%时,将纳米流体视为单相流体的性能研究结果与实验数据偏差较大,可能原因是单相流体流动无法反映较多的粒子之间的相互作用.     

不同射流方式对钢板换热的影响研究

气雾冷却具有冷却范围大、冷却均匀等特点,对铸坯的最终质量也起到了关键性的作用.本文以实验室条件为基础,采用求解二维导热反问题计算方法,研究了竖直对称射流和倾斜非对称射流冷却过程下钢板由1200℃冷却至100℃过程中的表面热流密度及表面温度的变化过程,对实际生产过程中连铸二次冷却的冷却工艺起到了一定的理论支持.     

三角锥型纵向涡发生器强化换热性能数值分析

纵向涡发生器做为一种有效的被动式强化传热方法,因简单易于实现而得到广泛应用.文章采用三角锥型纵向涡发生器,通过FLUENT数值模拟软件对此纵向涡发生器的油浸式变压器散热片进行了数值模拟,分析研究了三角锥型纵向涡发生器攻角、高度及排列方式对变压器散热片散热能力的影响,并分析了影响机理.结果表明:自然对流情况下,在三角锥型纵向涡发生器的最佳攻角为90°和最佳高度为10 mm时,能够最大幅度提高自然对流换热效率,可提高其自然对流换热系数6.89％左右.     

管壳式换热器壳程强化传热评价方法分析

分析比较了现有的强化传热评价方法与评价指标。通过分析管壳式换热器壳程传热与阻力性能特点,指出管壳式换热器壳程的强化传热研究,在采用能量系数K/N来评价强化传热时,应更着眼于提高其传热性能。通过推导分析,说明采用α/ΔP1/3作为评价指标,能够准确评价壳程强化传热的性能。     

Convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of Cu-water nanofluid

An experimental system is built to investigate convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of the nanofluid in a tube. Both the convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of Cu-water nanofluid for the laminar and turbulent flow are measured. The effects of such factors as the volume fraction of suspended nanoparticles and the Reynolds number on the heat transfer and flow characteristics are discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the suspended nanoparticles remarkably increase the convective heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid and show that the friction factor of the sample nanofluid with the low volume fraction of nanoparticles is almost not changed. Compared with the base fluid, for example, the convective heat transfer coefficient is increased about 60% for the nanofluid with 2.0 vol% Cu nanoparticles at the same Reynolds number. Considering the factors affecting the convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid, a new convective heat transfer correl     

液冷系统中均热板气液相变的热质传输模拟

为提高电池热管理液冷系统的均温性,研究一种铝槽式均热板和直流式液冷板相结合的复合液冷系统,并建立相应的三维传热模型。采用Volume-of-fluid(VOF)多相流模型,模拟均热板槽道内丙酮工质的气液相变过程,以及与液冷流道的耦合传热过程,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性。研究结果显示,均热板可以提高液冷系统散热过程中的均温性,加热表面的温差可以控制在2.72 K以内。通过机理分析发现,其原因与均热板内部气液工质的热质传输过程有关。在液冷系统冷却液沿程温升的影响下,均热板腔室中的丙酮气相工质在长度方向上存在定向输运现象,相变产生的蒸汽会携带热量从高温区往低温区流动,从而抑制液冷板低温冷却水对加热表面温度分布的影响,提高了均温性能。     

潜热蒸发冷却控制的膜状冷却塔特性研究

基于膜状冷却热、质传递机理,建立水膜薄层的速度分布, 热、质传递方程和潜热蒸发冷却控制的数学模型.结合特定时间段内气候条件、冷水机组负荷和运行工况,通过测算制冷系数、冷却水和空气参数,进行质量和热量衡算.分析空气返混现象及冷却塔并联运行对塔性能的影响,采用湿度计分析法分析潜热蒸发为主的热、质传递过程,由冷却塔蒸发冷却效率和效能的计算结果表明,它们系同一表征冷却塔性能的参数.     

不同螺旋角螺旋折流板换热器壳侧传热性能研究

对两种不同螺旋角的螺旋折流板换热器进行传热测试,利用测得试验数据,根据Kern法推导出这两种螺旋折流板换热器壳程传热系数的近似计算公式.     

水平矩形通道内开孔折流板强化换热的实验研究

Re数在500～15000范围内，对矩形通道内交错布置多个开孔折流板的强化换热特性进行了实验研究，分析了开孔密度对通道强化换热的影响，并与设置不开孔折流板通道的实验结果进行了对比分析．实验结果表明：开孔折流板具有较好的强化换热效果，随着雷诺数Re的增加，换热效果逐步增强；同未开孔折流板相比，开孔密度为2．51％的折流板的强化换热效果最好，在测试的Re数范围内，其平均Nu可以增加59％，最大可以提高到2倍．最后，在实验数据基础上，关联得出了一个换热准则关联式，可以用作开发新型换热器的设计计算依据．     

连铸板坯热送过程传热模型研究

依据武钢现场条件,建立了连铸板坯（２３０ｍｍ×１３００ｍｍ,２５０ｍｍ×１５００ｍｍ）传热数学模型,全面探讨了连铸工艺参数对铸还热状态的影响,它可以应用于连铸坯“传搁时间表”的制订,为连铸坯热送热装提供了装炉温度的查询依据。     

Near-field radiative heat transfer enhancement by multilayers and gratings in the thermophotovoltaic system

The near-field effect can be used to improve the output power of the near-field thermophotovoltaic device(NTPV). The nearfield radiative heat transfer in the near-field thermophotovoltaic device can be enhanced by the excitation of hyperbolic modes and the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons. In this study, we design a two-body near-field thermophotovoltaic system based on hyperbolic metamaterial. The multilayer structure on the emitter is composed of Ga-doped ZnO(GZO) and hafnium dioxide(HfO...     

Visualization study on atomization characteristics and heat transfer performance of R1336mzz flash spray cooling

Visualization experiments are carried out to investigate the atomization characteristics of R1336mzz flash spray cooling. The influences of superheat, spray distance, and nozzle orifice diameter on spray cooling performance are analyzed experimentally. As the superheat increases, finer droplets and thinner liquid film are observed; this is helpful to improve the two-phase heat transfer efficiency. Enlarging atomization angle under high superheat is also observed for flash spray cooling, and it benefits for reducing the spray distance. It can be found that when the inlet superheat is 19.8°C and the spray distance is 6 mm, the critical heat flux (CHF) reaches 251 W/cm² and the maximum heat transfer coefficient (HTC) reaches 37.4 kW/(m² °C), which are 55% and 11.6% higher than those when the inlet subcooling is 6.9°C and the spray distance is 12 mm, respectively. Using flash spray reduces the spray distance, which benefits for designing compact spray cooling device. In addition, the nozzle orifice diameter has great influence on the cooling performance of flash spray, and the choice of the nozzle depends on the superheat. This study provides a physical insight into the heat transfer enhancement in flash spray cooling.

     

声空化及其强化传热技术研究进展

对声空化及其产生的物理效应的研究工作作了较为全面的描述,对国内外利用声空化实现强化传热的研究工作动态与进展作了全面系统的论述与分析,并结合对声空化现象的理论与实验的研究成果,概括了以往研究的主要结论.目前,其研究工作主要以实验为主,并在实验的基础上揭示声空化强化传热的物理机制.由于声空化及其效应的复杂性,声空化强化传热物理机制的认识、数学模型及准则关联式的建立是进一步研究工作仍将面临的问题.     

纵向涡发生器对强化传热的影响

纵向涡发生器可以产生纵向涡,而纵向涡可以影响流体的结构,进而可以影响它们的传热过程.通过使用FLUENT计算软件和粒子图像测试仪(PIV),采用数值模拟和实验来研究布置一种新型纵向涡发生器的流场的非定常流动特性及它对槽道的传热的影响.新型涡流发生器为高宽比为0.5的斜截椭圆柱体.数值计算所用的湍流模型为大涡模拟.将数值模拟和PIV实验结果进行比较,两者的涡量场等极为相似,证明数值模拟的计算准确性.模拟和实验表明:高宽比为0.5的斜截椭圆柱体可以产生纵向涡,可以提高槽道的对流换热系数,起到强化传热的作用.     

Investigation of convection cooling guide vane with conjugate heat transfer method

This paper studied a certain blade with ten radial cooling holes which employed conjugate heat transfer method. The cooling air entered the cooling channel from the bottom of the blade and went out from the top, it was not ejected into the main flow. This paper used different numerical conditions including different turbulence models,turbulence intensities,thermal conduction coefficients and the influence on fluid property via temperature variation. The temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the blade were compared with experimental data. The results show that the numerical results using different turbulence models are almost identical to experimental data even little deviation occurs at shock wave location. The trends of temperature distribution under different numerical conditions are coincident to experimental data,especially Reynolds stress turbulence model. It can be concluded that anisotropic turbulence models can simulate the transition from laminar to turbulence,and the influence of turbulence intensity on laminar region and transition region is more than that on developed turbulent region.     

A general theoretical principle for single-phase convection heat transfer enhancement

The main methods of single-phase convection heat transfer enhancement are analyzed in this paper, and the unity of contradiction between heat transfer enhancement and energy consumption (or exergy destruction) is expounded. The thermodynamic relationship between heat (or exergy) transfer efficiency and energy consumption (or exergy destruction) as well as driving forces is established, and a general theoretical principle for single-phase convection heat transfer enhancement is further obtained. The principle shows that temperature gradient field distribution and velocity field distribution constrain each other, and that the optimum heat transfer efficiency can be obtained when they are synergetic. If the level of the synergy of temperature gradient field distribution with velocity field distribution is determined, the relative uniform temperature gradient is required, and vice versa. The principle also shows the relationship of relative temperature gradient with specific heat and coefficient of heat conductivity. The deduced results can be used as a theoretical guidance for single-phase convection heat transfer enhancement and optimum design of heat exchangers.     

Analysis of solid-liquid phase change heat transfer enhancement

Solid-liquid phase change processes have two important features: the process is an approximately isothermal process and the heat of fusion of phase change material tends to be much greater than its specific heat. Therefore, if any phase change material adjacent to a hot or cold surface undergoes phase change, the heat transfer rate on the surface will be noticeably enhanced. This paper presents a novel insight into the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement induced by solid-liquid phase change based on the analogy analysis for heat conduction with an internal heat source and solid-liquid phase change heat transfer. Three degrees of surface heat transfer enhancement for different conditions are explored, and corresponding formulae are written to describe them. The factors influencing the degrees of heat transfer enhancement are clarified and their effects quantitatively analyzed. Both the novel insight and the analysis contribute to effective application of phase change heat transfer enhancement techniq