蓝桉叶挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析研究

目的研究云南产蓝桉叶挥发油的化学成分.方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取云南产蓝桉叶挥发油,经气相-质谱联用仪分析其成分,采用峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量.结果确定了云南产蓝桉叶挥发油中47个化合物,所鉴定成分占总馏出峰面积的99.17%,其主要成分是1,8-桉叶素(72.71%),α-蒎烯(9.22%),α-松油醇醋酸酯(3.11%),(-)-蓝桉醇(2.77%),α-松油醇(2.54%),别香橙烯(2.47%).结论确定了云南产蓝桉叶挥发油的化学成分,为综合利用云南产蓝桉叶挥发油奠定了基础.     

广西桉树叶片挥发性成分分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西产的造林19个月的粗皮桉、尾巨桉和大花序桉鲜叶挥发油,并采用GC-MS对挥发油成分的主要分成进行定性定量分析。结果表明,粗皮桉、尾巨桉和大花序桉叶的挥发油得油率分别为0.19%, 0.44%和0.35%。粗皮桉叶挥发油成分中相对含量较高的有α-松油醇(25.226 1%)、异龙脑(11.433 7%)、α-蒎烯(11.034 9%)、反式-松香芹醇(8.711 1%)、葑醇(6.041 3%)、柠檬烯(5.017 8%)、桃金娘烯醇(4.531 9%)、β-石竹烯(3.246 2%)、β-蒎烯(3.001 3%)、松香芹酮(1.846 7%)。尾巨桉叶挥发油成分中相对含量最大的为桉叶油素(38.372 3%),其他含量相对较多的成分为α-蒎烯(17.975 4%)、α-松油醇(7.984 3%)、乙酸松油酯(5.091 4%)、异龙脑(4.526 5%)、反式-松香芹醇(2.092 7%)、崁烯(1.224 1%)。大花序桉叶挥发油相对含量最大的为α-松油醇(41.676 3%),其他含量相对较多的成分为β-蒎烯(6.785 4%)、α-蒎烯(6.081 8%)、...     

樗叶花椒叶精油化学成分分析及其抗氧化活性测定

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取产自贵州的樗叶花椒叶精油,气相色谱-质谱联用法分离并分析鉴定其成分及相对含量,并研究精油的抗氧化活性和在模拟体外胃液条件下对亚硝酸根离子的清除率。在鉴定出的52 种化合物中,主要成分为α-水芹烯（21.87%）、桉叶醇（13.12%）、（－）-松油烯-4-醇（9.55%）、γ-萜品烯（8.25%）、α-萜品烯（6.50%）、（－）-α-松油醇（6.31%）等;通过测定樗叶花椒叶精油对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、2,2-二苯基-1-苦味肼基（2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和亚硝酸根离子的清除作用,研究精油体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：樗叶花椒叶精油对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基和亚硝酸根离子均有显著的清除活性,是一种天然的抗氧化剂和清除亚硝酸根离子的活性物质。     

桉叶精油气相扩散抑菌活性及抑菌成分研究

通过测定桉叶精油在气相、液相和固相扩散方式下对供试菌的抑菌圈大小和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),探讨桉叶精油气相扩散抑菌效果,并结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和顶空固相微萃取(SPME)/GC-MS技术,对比分析气态桉叶精油的抑菌成分。结果表明:桉叶精油通过气相扩散方式抑菌也具有明显抑菌效力,对供试菌的MIC值范围为0.045~0.36mg/mL,显著低于液相MIC值(4.5~18.0 mg/mL)和固相MIC值(4.5~18.0 mg/mL);对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较好,对黑曲霉抑制作用稍差;气态桉叶精油与桉叶精油的主要成分无显著差别,均以萜烯类和醇类物质为主,萜烯类物质相对含量的升高导致抑菌活性变强;气态桉叶精油的抑菌活性与α-蒎烯、右旋柠檬烯、3-蒈烯、异松油烯和月桂烯等物质有关。     

香橼精油的组成及香气活性成分的GC-MS-O分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香橼皮精油,运用气相色谱-质谱-嗅辨仪联机技术(GC-MS-O)对其成分组成及香气活性成分进行了研究。结果显示:香橼精油中柠檬烯的含量最高,为精油的50.53%,其次为对伞花烃(16.40%),其他含量较高的成分还有γ-萜品烯(8.70%)、罗勒烯(5.03%)、β-蒎烯(3.35%),α-蒎烯(2.66%)和β-月桂烯(2.30%)。另外,检测出11种香气活性成分,其中已鉴定的9种为α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、对伞花烃、柠檬烯氧化物、里那醇、4-萜品醇、反-对-薄荷-2,8-二烯醇、丙酸松油酯、乙酸橙花酯、巴伦西亚橘烯。嗅闻结果显示,伞花烃和丙酸松油酯可能对香橼的特征香气起重要作用。     

基于GC-MS和GC-O联用法分析佛手精油关键香气成分

研究佛手精油的挥发性物质和关键香气成分。佛手经水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,利用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)结合气相色谱-嗅闻(gas chromatography-olfactometry,GC-O)技术对挥发性物质和香气成分进行分析。GC-MS-O检测出36种挥发性物质,主要成分为D-柠檬烯(34.69%)、γ-松油烯(20.42%)、β-甜没药烯(4.59%)。采用稀释法和强度法分析发现D-α-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、β-芳樟醇、别罗勒烯、4-松油醇、α-佛手柑烯具有较大的香气强度;D-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-罗勒烯、橙花乙酸酯、α-佛手柑烯具有较大风味稀释因子。综合分析认为D-α-蒎烯和α-佛手柑烯是佛手精油的关键特征香味成分。     

孜然精油的化学成分及其提取工艺研究

本文应用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术分析了我国孜然精油的化学成分,从中鉴定出了二十种化合物。我国孜然精油的主要成分是:枯茗醛(37.18%)、二氢枯茗醛(26.24%)、γ-萜品烯(12.59%)、β-蒎烯(11.49%)、对伞花烃(8.70%。在我国孜然精油中,作者首次发现了三环烯、α-水芹烯、顺,反—水合桧烯、α-萜品醇、四氢枯茗醛、桔茗醇、β-石竹烯、β-金合欢烯、β-甜没药烯等十种化合物的存在。另外,作者就影响孜然精油生产过程的提取时间、料水比等进行了研究,提出了最佳条件。     

超临界CO_2萃取莲雾叶精油的化学组成分析

为了分析莲雾叶精油的化学组成和开发利用莲雾叶提供科学参考,本文采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取莲雾叶中的精油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果表明:从莲雾叶精油中分离出79个色谱峰,鉴定出36个化合物,占总离子峰相对含量的86.72%。其主要由烯、醇、酚、酸、酯、烯烃氧化物及杂环化合物组成,主要化学成分有β-石竹烯(14.32%),δ-杜松烯(11.78%),Tau-杜松醇(8.85%),γ-杜松烯(5.87%),α-杜松醇(5.27%),石竹烯氧化物(5.12%),表姜烯(2.88%),库贝醇(1.69%),α-芹子烯(1.49%)等。     

迷迭香精油和马郁兰精油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC-MS)的方法分析了迷迭香精油和马郁兰精油的化学成分,研究两种精油的抗氧化活性.从迷迭香精油和马郁兰精油中分别鉴定出75,80种化学成分,其中共有化合物25种.迷迭香精油的主要化学成分有樟脑(22.72％)、桉叶油醇(17.66％)、α-蒎烯(16.11％)、莰烯(9.87％)、2-茨醇(4...     

三种薰衣草叶精油含量及成分研究

按照ISO6571-2008标准方法对产自新疆的"杂花"、"法国蓝"和"蓝白花"三种薰衣草叶中的精油进行了提取和含量测定,并用气质联用技术(GC-MS)对其成分进行了分析。结果发现,3个不同品种的薰衣草叶精油含量和成分存在较明显的差异。杂花薰衣草叶精油含量最高,主要成分包括桉叶油醇(48.66%)、樟脑(25.69%)、龙脑(7.32%)等;法国蓝薰衣草叶次之,成分主要包括氧化石竹烯(18.05%)、表双环倍半水芹烯(14.35%)、龙脑(11.92%)、乙酰薰衣草酯(7.06%)等;蓝白花薰衣草叶精油含量较高的成分有氧化石竹烯(6.38%)、龙脑(4.04%)等,此外还有各种有机酸。杂花和法国蓝薰衣草叶精油在食品、医药和日化领域具有重要利用价值。为新疆薰衣草叶的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) dunal

The essential oil of Monodora myristica was obtained by steam distillation with a yield of 45-6 g kg^?1. The composition of the oil was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oil was found to contain 75% monoterpene hydrocarbons; the major compounds being α-phellandrene (50–4%), α-pinene (5–5%) and myrcene (4–35%). There were also a few sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (3%) and oxygenated compounds such as germacrcne-D-4-ol (9–5%). Germacrene-D-4-ol, α-pinene, Δ²-carene, β-caryophyllene, valencene. γ-muurolol and carvacryl acetate have not previously been reported in M myristica.     

Essential oil composition of Turkish mountain tea (Sideritis spp.)

The essential oil components of aerial parts from Sideritis bilgerana, Sideritis tmolea and Sideritis congesta were investigated by GC and GC–MS. The oil yields of dried plants obtained by hydro-distillation were 0.26, 0.33 and 0.83 (v/w), respectively. Fifty compounds representing 94.6% of the S. bilgerana oil were identified. The main ones were β-pinene (51.2%) and α-pinene (30.2%). Thirty-six components, representing 79.7% of the S. congesta oil were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol (11.7%) and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol (33.0%). Fourty-four components were identified accounting for 89.6% of the S. tmolea oil. Major constituents were α-cadinol (21.9%), β-caryophylene (10.6%), calamenene (7.05%), muurrol-5-en-4-b-ol (7.05%) and α-pinene (5.1%). All oils consist of monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Muurol-5-en-4a-ol and muurol-5-en-4b-ol, at high percentages, were distinct components of S. congesta.     

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses for Detection and Identification of Antioxidant Constituents of Achillea tenuifolia Essential Oil

The present work was designed to study the antioxidant activity and to identify the main active components of the essential oil of Achillea tenuifolia aerial parts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the essential oil showed the presence of 22 compounds. The main constituents of the oil were thymol (15%), α-pinene (10.11%), Camphene (9.41%), β-pinene (7.54%), α-terpinene (7.21%), p-cymene (4%), 1,8-cineole (2.31%), γ-terpinene (7%), linalool (10%), and carvacrol (20.43%). The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Achillea tenuifolia oil was evaluated by using 2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. The oil exhibited a considerable dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Thymol showed clearly a higher activity (IC50 = 10.04 ± 0.1 μg/ml) followed by Achillea tenuifolia essential oil (15.12 ± 0.4 μg/ml). Antioxidant activity guided fractionation of the oil was carried out by the thin layer chromatography-bioautography screening and fractionation resulted in the separation of the main antioxidant compound which was identified as thymol (80%).     

Antioxidative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to its main components

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil compared to three of its main components (1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene). GC–MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 19 compounds, representing 97.97% of the oil, the major constituents of the oil were described as 1,8-cineole (27.23%), α-pinene (19.43%), camphor (14.26%), camphene (11.52%) and β-pinene (6.71%). The oil and the components were subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by means of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and β-carotene bleaching test. In the DPPH test system, free radical-scavenging activity of R. officinalis L. essential oil, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene were determined to be 62.45% ± 3.42%, 42.7% ± 2.5%, 45.61% ± 4.23% and 46.21% ± 2.24% (v/v), respectively. In the β-carotene bleaching test system, we tested series concentration of samples to show the antioxidant activities of the oil and its main components, whereas the concentrations providing 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) values of R. officinalis L. essential oil, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene were 2.04% ± 0.42%, 4.05% ± 0.65%, 2.28% ± 0.23% and 2.56% ± 0.16% (v/v), respectively. In general, R. officinalis L. essential oil showed greater activity than its components in both systems, and the antioxidant activities of all the tested samples were mostly related to their concentrations. Antioxidant activities of the synthetic antioxidant, ascorbic acid and BHT, were also determined in parallel experiments as positive control.     

Composition of the essential oil of Daucus gingidium L. ssp. gingidium

The essential oils obtained from leaves and fruits of Daucus gingidium ssp. gingidium have been studied. The main constituents of the essential oil from the leaves were sabinene (26.8%), α-pinene (10.8%), germacrene D (6.9%) and limonene (5.7%). Sabinene (60.6%) was the main compound identified in the essential oil of the fruits, followed by α-pinene (12.2%) and 4-terpineol (5.4%). Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative considerations about differences with literature data on Daucus carota have been made in order to confirm the species status of D. gingidium.     

Composition of the essential oils from leafy parts of the shoots,flowers and fruits of Eryngium amethystinum from Amiata Mount (Tuscany,Italy)

The essential oils obtained from the leafy parts of the shoots, inflorescences and fruits of Eryngium amethystinum (Apiaceae) from Italy have been studied. The essential oil from the inflorescences was characterised by methyl-derivatives of benzaldehyde (26.4%) and by some phenylpropanoids (3.0%) such as eugenol and (E)-methyl isoeugenol. The essential oil of leafy parts of the shoots showed a higher percentage of sesquiterpenes (31.3%) than monoterpenes (20.2%). The main differences between the two essential oils can be referred to α-pinene and germacrene D: the essential oil of the inflorescences contained much more α-pinene than the other one (25.6% vs. 11.8%), while the contrary is true for germacrene D (14.5% vs. 31.3%).     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus

The essential oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus (Asteraceae), obtained by hydro-distillation, was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and also evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Out of 45 peaks representing 99.8% of the oil, 38 components which constitute 95.8% of the total oil were identified. The oil was dominated by monoterpenes, which accounted for 80.9% of the oil. This study indicates the presence of a high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (62.3%), of which the main constituents were fenchol (15.9%), 1,8-cineole (14.3%) and α-terpineol (13.2%). Other monoterpenes present in fairly good amounts were α-pinene (6.87%), trans-pinene hydrate (6.51%), terpinen-4-ol (4.74%) and camphene (3.76%). The oil was screened for antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus ssp.) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) bacteria and a pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Except for P. aeruginosa, which showed resistance, the oil had pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

Volatile constituents of propolis from various regions of Greece – Antimicrobial activity

The volatiles of five samples of Greek propolis from various geographic origin (A–E) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization GC and mass spectrometric detection. Ninety-four components were identified from the oils. The major components from each sample were found to be: junipene (11.7%), α-pinene (7.9%), manoyl oxide (7.1%) (sample A), α-pinene (45.8%), trans-β-terpineol (6.6%) (sample B), α-pinene (17.7%), α-eudesmol (12.1%), n-decanal (6.2%), guaiol (5.0%) (sample C), α-pinene (18.2%), δ-cadinene (8.4%) and α-muurolene (5.0%) (sample D), α-pinene (10.9%), n-decanal (10.3%), cedrol (6.3%), n-nonanal (5.4%), and manool (5.2%) (sample E). The total profile of the volatile constituents of all samples reveals the predominance of terpenoids, especially of α-pinene. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the volatiles from all five studied samples against six bacteria and three fungi is also assayed and reported.     

Essential oil composition of commercial black tea (Camellia sinensis)

The essential oil components of different tea brands were investigated by gas chromatography. The oil yields of dried tea samples were ranged from 0.09% to 0.63%. Twenty-five compounds from Supreme and Lipton Yellow Label tea brands representing 98.0% and 88.0% of the Camellia sinensis oil were identified, respectively. The main ones were β-pinene (51.2%) and α-pinene (30.2%). Nineteen components from Tapal tea brand representing 76.7% of the C. sinensis oil were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol (10.5%) and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol (31.3%). Fifteen components from Deer and Diana tea brands were identified, accounting for 83.3% and 78.2% of the oil containing α-cadinol and β-pinene. Seventeen components from non-branded teas were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol. Twenty-one compounds from non-branded Bangladeshi Shezan and Indian teas were also identified. All oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.     

Essential oil composition of the turpentine tree (Pistacia terebinthus L.) fruits growing wild in Turkey

Constituents of essential oils from fruit samples of the turpentine tree (Pistacia terebinthus L.) collected from fifteen different localities of Turkey on August 2001 were identified by GC–MS. Twenty-eight compounds representing 92.3–100.0% of turpentine fruit oils were identified. The oil yields varied between 0.06% and 0.16%. The highest yield of oil was obtained from fruits of Antalya origin (Akba?-Serik) (0.16%). α-Pinene (51.3%), limonene (39.0%), p-cymen-8-ol (40.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (51.0%) were found as major components for different localities in Turkey. The predominant constituents in most samples were α-pinene (9.5–51.3%), limonene (tr-39.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (tr-51.5). Except for one collection (Manavgat-Antalya), which contained spathulenol (20.7%) and p-cymen-8-ol (40.0%), all the other samples yielded oils rich in α-pinene and limonene. β-Caryophyllene oxide is the most abundant compound in Hisarönü (?zmir), Alanya (Antalya) and Yaylada? (Hatay) oils. Results confirm the effect of locality on the oil content and composition.