在读大学生心肺复苏培训的效果及分析

目的了解某大学在读大学生心肺复苏知识和技能的掌握现状,并观察分析培训后的效果,以期对相关部门管理者有所启发。方法对湖北省某大学211名在读非医学类本科生进行心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)知识及技能规范授课,并通过问卷调查形式了解被调查者培训前后CPR知晓程度、获取信息途径、接受培训意愿等。结果 (1)接受培训意愿:99.1%的被调查者表示愿意参加急救知识培训。(2)培训前学习途径:在此次培训前被调查者中44.1%已通过专业书籍、电视、网络等途径接触一些心肺复苏相关信息,仅有9%曾参加心肺复苏专业培训,在假设现场有人发生猝死情况时98.6%选择愿意实施现场急救,其中仅3.8%可以正确实施CPR操作。(3)培训后效果:通过此次培训大学生对心肺复苏基本步骤掌握程度明显提高,有99.5%的大学生对本次授课内容、形式表示满意,并愿意再次接受此类急救知识培训。结论在读大学生对CPR的知晓率不高,急救技术在校园普及率低。医护人员应积极走进大学校园进行系列、规范急救知识培训,在拓展医护人员服务领域的同时有效提高大学生急救知识和技能,以期为普及全民院前急救能力奠定基础。     

人体模型训练在大学生心肺复苏技能培训中的应用效果分析

[目的]了解大学生急救知识与技能培训需求,并探讨心肺复苏训练人体模型在高校心肺复苏(CPR)培训中的应用。[方法]采用自行设计问卷先对50名大学生进行急救知识与技能培训需求调查,并由5名急救资深护士结合人体模型对该人群进行CPR培训,比较培训前后CPR相关知识与技能掌握情况。[结果]50名大学生均表示希望获得急救知识与技能,其中49人表示愿意参加急救知识培训,且84.0%学生表示最喜欢的急救知识培训方式为现场讲座培训;培训后大学生对CPR相关知识掌握情况显著高于培训前。[结论]大学生急救知识与技能培训需求普遍较高,以学校为单位应用心肺复苏训练人体模型开展大学生CPR培训可显著提高其CPR知识与技能。     

非医学院校大学生心肺复苏知识认知及需求情况调查

目的了解非医学院校大学生对心肺复苏知识的认知现状与需求情况,探讨普及其心肺复苏知识的可行性方法。方法采用随机分层抽样方法,对徐州市581名非医学院校大学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括：CPR相关知识,影响其获取CPR知识的主要因素,对CPR知识的需求、希望培训的方式及施救意愿。结果非医学院校大学生心肺复苏知识认知水平较低;自身获取此类知识的意识较低为主要影响因素;93．5％的学生希望专业的培训,84．3％的学生选择理论讲解结合模拟操作的培训方式。结论非医学院校大学生对心肺复苏知识的掌握状况不佳,需多途径提高其急救意识,结合其感兴趣的培训方式,开展心肺复苏知识和技能的培训,进一步普及非医学院校大学生急救知识和救助能力。     

大学生心肺复苏急救知识认知现状及培训需求分析

目的:了解大学生对心肺复苏(CPR)急救知识的掌握情况及学习意愿,探究提高大学生急救技能的有效途径,为急救知识的普及提供科学参考。方法:采用随机抽取的方法对佛山市禅城区733名大学生CPR急救知识认识与需求情况进行调查。结果:极少数大学生能够非常了解CPR急救知识;大学生获取CPR急救知识的主要途径是电视;现场发现有人晕倒时,只有少数大学生能自己尝试急救;大多数大学生愿意通过模拟急救场景模式学习CPR急救技能;学习CPR最适时间为军训期间和专门安排课时。结论:大学生对CPR的认知掌握程度低,但学习意愿高,对培训模式更倾向于模拟急救场景模式进行培训学习,应尽可能的通过各种渠道提高大学生CPR急救知识与技能。     

我校非医学专业大学生急救技能培训状况与对策

目的了解地方性高校非医学专业大学生现场急救知识与技能的掌握水平、培训现状、施救意愿及其影响因素,探讨大学生急救技能培训的有效途径。方法采用自制调查问卷,对807名非医学专业大学生进行急救知识、急救技能培训、施救意愿及影响因素调查。结果仅105名(13.0%)大学生参加过现场急救技能培训,458名(56.8%)大学生未听说过心肺复苏术(CPR),717名(88.8%)大学生需求现场急救技能培训,761名(94.3%)大学生愿意参加免费急救技能培训。大学生不愿意参与施救的原因主要是担心自己的急救能力不够、觉得脏、怕传染病等。结论大学生急救知识与技能薄弱,急救培训组织缺位,高校应大力开展大学生急救技能培训课程,提高其急救技能。     

佛山市居民心肺复苏知识认知和需求情况分析

目的:调查佛山市居民心肺复苏(CPR)知识认知和需求情况,了解到居民对CPR知识的掌握现状,为寻求有效提高居民急救意识、应急能力以及普及居民CPR培训工作提供理论依据和实践指导。方法:采用自制问卷形式对佛山市居民进行CPR知识和需求情况现场调查。结果:佛山市居民对CPR知识认知相对较弱,居民对这类知识不了解。结论:佛山市居民应加强急救意识学习力度,多渠道开展CPR知识与技能培训活动。     

对医学院非医学类大学生开展急救知识培训的探讨

[目的]普及医学院非医学类大学生急救知识,以点带面,提高民众急救能力和生存率。[方法]选择温州医学院2003级、2004级、2005级非医学类大学生120名,通过调查并培训后,进行急救理论知识与急救技能的测评。[结果]医学院非医学类大学生急救知识及技能缺乏,通过培训,心肺复苏、呼吸困难急救、出血急救、毒蛇咬伤紧急处理、溺水处理、烧烫伤现场处理、高处坠落者搬运等项目与培训前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]普及当代大学生急救知识,提高非专业人员的急救意识与现场急救能力刻不容缓。     

长沙市在校大学生心肺复苏知信行现状调查与分析

[目的]了解长沙市在校大学生对心肺复苏(CPR)知识与技能的知晓情况及影响因素,为提高公众救护意识和技能提供理论依据。[方法]采用单纯随机抽样法,应用CPR知信行情况调查问卷,对466名长沙市在校大学生进行问卷调查。[结果]99.0%医学专业学生和93.4%非医学专业学生听说过CPR,获取CPR知识主要途径分别是医护人员的讲解和电视。64.6%医学专业学生接受过有关培训,未接受培训的主要原因是学习太忙,希望通过医护人员的讲解获取知识;14.0%非医学专业学生接受过培训,未接受培训的主要原因是不知道CPR的重要性,最希望通过医护人员的讲解获取CPR知识。61%在校大学生认为非医务人员非常有必要学习CPR知识与技能,73%认为自己有能力学习,66%有兴趣学习,经培训掌握CPR技术后69%愿意对陌生人行胸外心脏按压。性别、专业、所在院校、年级、家庭所在地影响学生对CPR知识与技能的态度(P0.05)。[结论]长沙市在校大学生对CPR知识与技能的学习需求强烈,但对CPR的掌握程度较低,应大力开展知识教育与技能培训,尤其加强对女生、非医学专业、一类本科院校、低年级学生的培训,以提高院前急救有效率。     

绍兴市医务人员心肺复苏技能掌握现状的研究

目的 通过对临床一线医护人员心肺复苏技能(CPR)考核结果分析,提出CPR再教育培训的必要性.方法 根据浙江省院内心肺复苏技能考核评价标准和2005年国际心肺复苏指南,制订徒手心肺复苏考核评分标准,对绍兴市13家医院65名夜间一线值班医护人员行现场心肺复苏模拟考试,对各类医院间合格率和急救与非急救专业间正确率进行比较.结果 平均合格率为55.9%;三级综合性医院优于三级专科医院;急救专业医护人员的技能掌握优于非急救专业,但两者对知识更新掌握无差异.结论 应尽快建立规范化CPR培训机构,明确CPR强化训练的必要性,开展智能化心肺复苏教育新模式,积极培养急救复苏专业性队伍.     

非医疗专业学生对急救知识知晓度及需求现状调查分析

目的 了解非医疗专业的大中专学生对急救知识与技能的掌握现状、获取途径及学习需求.方法 采用自编问卷对汕头市非医疗专业大中专学生600名进行急救知识掌握、需求情况的调查,并对结果 进行整理分析.结果 非医疗专业大中专学生急救知识知晓情况参差不齐,能正确拨打"120"电话的占100.0%,掌握煤气中毒急救知识的占58.5%,掌握心肺复苏技术的占25.0%;100.0%的学生希望掌握急救知识与技能;电视、广播、网络是学生急救知识的最主要的获取途径.结论 非医学专业学生中急救知识与技能掌握状况不佳,急需开设急救知识与技能的教育与培训,提高非医疗专业大中专学生急救知识与技能水平.     

The effect of basic life support education on laypersons’ willingness in performing bystander hands only cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Background

Recently, hands only CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) has been proposed as an alternative to standard CPR for bystanders. The present study was performed to identify the effect of basic life support (BLS) training on laypersons’ willingness in performing standard CPR and hands only CPR.

Methods

The participants for this study were non-medical personnel who applied for BLS training program that took place in 7 university hospitals in and around Korea for 6 months. Before and after BLS training, all the participants were given questionnaires for bystander CPR, and 890 respondents were included in the final analyses.

Results

Self-assessed confidence score for bystander CPR, using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100, increased from 51.5 ± 30.0 before BLS training to 87.0 ± 13.7 after the training with statistical significance (p 0.001). Before the training, 19% of respondents reported willingness to perform standard CPR on a stranger, and 30.1% to perform hands only CPR. After the training, this increased to 56.7% of respondents reporting willingness to perform standard CPR, and 71.9%, hands only CPR, on strangers. Before and after BLS training, the odds ratio of willingness to perform hands only CPR versus standard CPR were 1.8 (95% CI 1.5-2.3) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.7-2.6) for a stranger, respectively. Most of the respondents, who reported they would decline to perform standard CPR, stated that fear of liability and fear of disease transmission were deciding factors after the BLS training.

Conclusions

The BLS training increases laypersons’ confidence and willingness to perform bystander CPR on a stranger. However, laypersons are more willing to perform hands only CPR rather than to perform standard CPR on a stranger regardless of the BLS training.     

Type of bystander and rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in nursing home patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

AimWe investigated bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provision rate and survival outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in nursing homes by bystander type.MethodsA population-based observational study was conducted for nursing home OHCAs during 2013–2018. The exposure was the bystander type: medical staff, non-medical staff, or family. The primary outcome was bystander CPR provision rate; the secondary outcomes were prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis which corrected for various demographic and clinical characteristics evaluated bystander type impact on study outcomes. Bystander CPR rate trend was investigated by bystander type.ResultsOf 8281 eligible OHCA patients, 26.0%, 70.8%, and 3.2% cases were detected by medical staff, non-medical staff, and family, respectively. Provision rate of bystander CPR was 69.9% and rate of bystander defibrillation was 0.4% in total. Bystander CPR was provided by medical staff, non-medical staff, and families in 74.8%, 68.9%, and 52.1% respectively. Total survival rate was 2.2%, out of which, 3.3% was for medical staff, 3.2% for non-medical staff, and 0.6% for family. Compared to the results of detection by medical staff, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for provision of bystander CPR were 0.56 (0.49–0.63) for detection by non-medical staff and 0.33 (0.25–0.44) for detection by family. The bystander CPR rates of all three groups increased over time, and among them, the medical staff group increased the most. For prehospital ROSC and survival to discharge, no significant differences were observed according to bystander type.ConclusionAlthough OHCA was detected more often by non-medical staff, they provided bystander CPR less frequently than the medical staff did. To improve survival outcome of nursing home OHCA, bundle interventions including increasing the usage of automated external defibrillators and expanding CPR training for non-medical staff in nursing home are needed.     

The effect of time on CPR and automated external defibrillator skills in the Public Access Defibrillation Trial

BACKGROUND: The time to skill deterioration between primary training/retraining and further retraining in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillation (AED) for lay-persons is unclear. The Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) trial was a multi-center randomized controlled trial evaluating survival after CPR-only versus CPR+AED delivered by onsite non-medical volunteer responders in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. AIMS: This sub-study evaluated the relationship of time between primary training/retraining and further retraining on volunteer performance during pretest AED and CPR skill evaluation. METHODS: Volunteers at 1260 facilities in 24 North American regions underwent training/retraining according to facility randomization, which included an initial session and a refresher session at approximately 6 months. Before the next retraining, a CPR and AED skill test was completed for 2729 volunteers. Primary outcome for the study was assessment of global competence of CPR or AED performance (adequate versus not adequate) using chi(2)-test for trends by time interval (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Confirmatory (GEE) logistic regression analysis, adjusted for site and potential confounders was done. RESULTS: The proportion of volunteers judged to be competent did not diminish by interval (3, 6, 9, and 12 months) for either CPR or AED skills. After adjusting for site and potential confounders, longer intervals to further retraining was associated with a slightly lower likelihood of performing adequate CPR but not with AED scores. CONCLUSIONS: After primary training/retraining, the CPR skills of targeted lay responders deteriorate nominally but 80% remain competent up to 1 year. AED skills do not deteriorate significantly and 90% of volunteers remain competent up to 1 year.     

The attitudes of Japanese high school students toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is essential to have a clear understanding of the present condition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training courses and the associated problems. The present study was performed to identify the current conditions of CPR training in Japanese high schools and the attitudes of students toward CPR. METHODS AND RESULTS: We distributed a questionnaire study to the students of 12 cooperating high schools regarding their willingness to perform CPR in 5 hypothetical scenarios of cardiopulmonary arrest: a stranger, a trauma patient, a child, an elderly person, and a relative. Between February and March 2006, a total of 3316 questionnaires were completed. Across all scenarios, only 27% of respondents from general high schools reported willingness to perform chest compression (CC) plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation (MMV), and 31% reported willingness to perform CC alone. Fifty-nine percent of students had previous CPR training, and only 35% were willing to perform CC plus MMV. Most of the respondents who reported that they would decline to perform full CPR, stated that poor knowledge and/or fear of incomplete performance of CPR were deciding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese high school students are reluctant to perform CC plus MMV, despite having received training. The present educational system in Japan has limitations in encouraging high school students to perform CC plus MMV.     

Barriers and facilitators to CPR training and performing CPR in an older population most likely to witness cardiac arrest: A national survey

Background

Bystander CPR rates are lowest at home, where 85% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur. We sought to identify barriers and facilitators to CPR training and performing CPR among older individuals most likely to witness cardiac arrest.

Methods

We selected independent-living Canadians aged ≥55 using random-digit-dial telephone calls. Respondents were randomly assigned to answer 1 of 2 surveys eliciting barriers and facilitators potentially influencing either CPR training or performance. We developed survey instruments using the Theory of Planned Behavior, measuring salient attitudes, social influences, and control beliefs.

Results

Demographics for the 412 respondents (76.4% national response rate): Mean age 66, 58.7% female, 54.9% married, 58.0% CPR trained (half >10 years ago). Mean intentions to take CPR training in the next 6 months or to perform CPR on a victim were relatively high (3.6 and 4.1 out of 5). Attitudinal beliefs were most predictive of respondents’ intentions to receive training or perform CPR (Adjusted OR; 95%CI were 1.81; 1.41–2.32 and 1.63; 1.26–2.04 respectively). Respondents who believed CPR could save a life, were employed, and had seen CPR advertised had the highest intention to receive CPR training. Those who believed CPR should be initiated before EMS arrival, were proactive in a group, and felt confident in their CPR skills had the highest intention to perform CPR.

Interpretation

Attitudinal beliefs were most predictive of respondents’ intention to complete CPR training or perform CPR on a real victim. Behavioral change techniques targeting these specific beliefs are most likely to make an impact.     

Potential Impact of a Targeted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Program for Older Adults on Survival from Private-residence Cardiac Arrest

OBJECTIVE: Traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training programs do not target older adults who are most likely to witness private-residence cardiac arrests and do not reliably result in a bystander who is likely to perform CPR in the event of an arrest. This study was performed to compare targeted CPR training programs for older adults (older than 50 years) that 1) increase numbers of CPR-trained bystanders of private-residence cardiac arrest or 2) increase the percentage of trained bystanders of private-residence cardiac arrest who perform CPR. A simultaneous outcome was to estimate the minimal significant survival benefit associated with each of the training programs. METHODS: A probabilistic simulation model was developed in Fortran95 that incorporated key out-of-hospital cardiac arrest elements, including witnessed arrests, CPR-trained witness, CPR provision, and impact of CPR on ventricular fibrillation. Input data were derived from published or publicly available data, including a large prospective cohort study of outcomes in Oakland County, MI. Monte Carlo simulation (n = 10,000) and sensitivity analyses (n = 40) were used to assess median and the empiric 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for incremental survival with either intervention. RESULTS: The baseline model, calibrated to the characteristics of the input-data community, established that, for private-residence cardiac arrests, 40.8% of cardiac arrest bystanders were trained in CPR; however, only 25.7% performed CPR. This yielded 4.81% survival (95% CI = 4.72 to 4.89). Modeling the impact on the baseline training level with increased CPR performance among trainees indicated that 75% of private-residence trained bystanders would need to perform CPR in order to reach a minimally significant improvement in survival (5.02%; 95% CI = 4.94 to 5.15). Similarly, targeted CPR training that would result in a significant survival benefit (to 5.01%; 95% CI = 4.93 to 5.09) would require that 70.8% of bystanders be trained. CONCLUSIONS: CPR training programs that focus on yielding 75% of trainees who perform CPR in the event of witnessing an arrest would have equivalent results to mass CPR training programs that result in 70% of bystanders being trained in CPR. However, the minimal survival benefit associated with these programs (around 0.2%) may prove either method costly with minimal effect.     

Training rates and willingness to perform CPR in King County, Washington: a community survey

Background

It has been hypothesized that high rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in a community will lead to improved survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, factors to consider when designing a far-reaching community CPR training program are not well defined. We explored factors associated with receiving CPR training in the survey community and characteristics contributing to willingness to perform CPR in an emergency.

Methods

A telephone survey was administered to 1001 randomly selected residents in September 2008 assessing CPR training history, demographics, and willingness to perform CPR. Characteristics of survey respondents were compared to examine factors that may be associated with reports of being trained compared to reports of never being trained. A stratified analysis compared characteristics of respondents who reported a high level of willingness to perform CPR in those trained compared to those never trained.

Results

The survey response rate was 39%. Seventy-nine percent of survey respondents reported ever attending a CPR training class. A majority of people (53%) attended their most recent class more than five years ago. People who had never been trained in CPR were older, were more likely to be men and were less likely to have at least a 2-year college degree than those who had ever been trained. Among those who had been trained, younger age, male gender, time of last training and number of times trained were all significantly associated with willingness to perform CPR and none of these factors were associated with willingness in those who had not been trained.

Conclusions

Retraining rates, methods for reaching underserved populations and measures that will improve the likelihood that bystanders will perform CPR in an emergency should be considered when designing a community CPR education program.     

A cross-sectional survey examining cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in households with heart disease

BackgroundHeart disease significantly increases the risk of further cardiac events including out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Given the majority of OHCAs occur in the home, family members of those with heart disease should be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).AimTo describe CPR training rates in households with heart disease, and examine if training increases knowledge, confidence and willingness to perform CPR in this population.MethodsA cross-sectional, telephone survey was conducted with adults residing in Victoria, Australia.FindingsOf 404 respondents, 78 (19.3%) reported the presence of heart disease in their household. Prevalence of CPR training was the same among households with (67.9%) and without (67.8%) heart disease, with the majority (51.5%) receiving training more than five years ago. There were no significant differences in barriers to training- the most prevalent barrier was lack of awareness to seek training. Among households with heart disease, physical ability was the most common concern relating to the provision of CPR, while households without heart disease described decreased confidence. Those with heart disease in their household who were CPR trained, had higher self-ratings of CPR knowledge and confidence, and were more willing to perform CPR (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsA large proportion of Victorians with heart disease in their household did not have recent CPR training. CPR training should be targeted to high-risk households containing a member with heart disease, as knowledge and confidence in skills are increased. Cardiac health professionals are well placed to provide CPR training information during patient contacts.     

Toddler parents training, understanding, and perceptions of CPR

Background

Little is known about parent CPR skills and their perceptions of its use, especially in the context of drowning incidents among young children where parents are often the first responder. The primary objective of the study was to examine parental understanding of child and adult CPR, extent of CPR training, and parental confidence to perform CPR.

Method

Survey research using a self-complete questionnaire was used to gather data from parents (n = 1716) whose 2-4-year-old toddlers were either attending early childhood centres (n = 781) or enrolled in swim schools (n = 935). Differences in parental CPR training, knowledge, levels of confidence in ability to perform CPR, and perceptions were measured by frequency, with regression tests used to discern differences by institution, gender, ethnicity, length of residency, and recency of CPR training.

Results

Almost two-thirds (64%) of parents reported that they had received formal CPR training in the past, yet few correctly reported the current ratios for either adult CPR (19%) or child CPR (12%). Most parents correctly agreed that, in child CPR, you must always give initial breaths before starting compressions (74%), but the majority incorrectly believed you should seek help before starting CPR (61%) and continue CPR for 5 min before stopping (59%). Most parents (56%) felt anxious about their ability to perform CPR on an adult, and even more (62%) felt anxious about their ability to perform child CPR.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the need for education interventions to address the substantial gaps in knowledge of CPR for all parents of young children.     

Short lessons in basic life support improve self-assurance in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation

BACKGROUND: There are several reasons why resuscitation measures may lead to inferior results: difficulties in team building, delayed realization of the emergency and interruption of chest compression. This study investigated the outcome of a new form of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training with special focus on changes in self-assurance of potential helpers when faced with emergency situations.METHODS: Following a 12-month period of CPR training, questionnaires were distributed to participants and non-participants. Those non-participants who intended to undergo the training at a later date served as control group.RESULTS: The study showed that participants experienced a significant improvement in self-assurance, compared with their remembered self-assurance before the training. Their self-assurance also was significantly greater than that of the control group of non-participants.CONCLUSION: Short lessons in CPR have an impact on the self-assurance of medical and non-medical personnel.