宜人的城市--浅议当前城市设计的几个问题

一、生态的城市设计 城市设计一般是增加人文景观,减少自然景观.随着现代城市的发展,人工环境的无序膨胀使自然环境和历史遗存受到了严重的破坏,人类在享用城市的便利条件与优越经济文化环境的同时,也在破坏人类自身生存的环境.本世纪初召开的第五次国际生态城市大会与第三届世界环境与发展首脑会议主题都是要建设生态城市、保持环境可持续发展,并着重提出生态城市建设五个层面:生态安全、生态卫生、生态产业代谢、生态景观整合、生态意识培养."以人为本"和"可持续发展"成为当前设计与规划界探讨最多的词汇,也成为城市建设的最终目标.生态的城市不仅维护了植物及动物的生存环境,同样,也满足了城市居民的渴望:在一种不被干扰、生态的条件下享受城市便利的生活.     

生态城市建设的法制保障

生态城市是指社会、经济、自然协调发展,物质、能源、信息高效利用,基础设施完善,布局合理,生态良性循环的人类聚居地.它是技术和自然的充分融合,能使创造力和生产力得到最大限度的发挥,居民的身心健康和环境质量得到最大限度的保护.生态城市是一种在城市生态环境综合平衡制约下的城市发展模式,涉及经济、社会、环境的可持续性.     

植物与风水

风水学,就是人类的生态环境学.堪舆学,就是环境选择学.绿色植物是人类赖以生存的生物键和食物链的最基础的一环,人类须臾也不能离开它.人的一生离不开绿色环境.高质量的绿色环境在人类的生存中显得相当重要,植物构成的"生物场"对人类的精神、情绪、身体健康、长寿等有十分重要的影响.     

并不遥远的"环境9·11"

保护生态环境,是人类永久的"和平".6月5日,人类迎来了第35个"世界环境日".今年环境日的中国主题是"生态安全与环境友好型社会".安全的生态、友好的环境,是人类和平安宁的基础.此前一天,国家环保总局首次发布的《中国生态保护》却显示,我国生态保护还面临不少问题:生态环境脆弱区占国土面积的60%以上;生态环境压力大;生态保护相关政策、法规及标准不完善;生态保护投入不足……(新华社6月4日电)     

2006年世界环境日 中国关注生态安全与环境友好

国家环保总局发布的2006年“六·五”世界环境日中国主盟为“生态安全与环境友好型社会”国家环保总局有关负责人介绍,联合国环境署确定2006年世界环境日的主题为“莫使旱地变荒漠”。为呼应这一主题,展示中国政府和人民维护生态安全,建设环境友好型社会的决心和行动,同时普及生态安全知识,进行环境警示教育,提高广大公众的生态安全意识和参与维护生态安全的积极性,环保总局确定今年世界环境日中国主题为“生态安全与环境友好型社会 2006年“六·五”世界环境日中国主题标识中,蓝色的地球象征着纯净、美好的自然环境,是人类赖以生存的家园,以绿叶的形态捧起地球寓意人类要对地球环境细致呵护,维护地球的生态安全标识表达了人与环境之间相互依存的关系,彰显着人类社会与自然环境和谐共生、友好发展的理念体现了2006年世界环境日“生态安全与环境友好型社会”的主盟概念。     

生态城市：理想的人类栖境

“生态城市”这一概念,是在各种全球性的生态危机日益严重的形势下产生的。它并不是要求人们抛弃现代技术,而是力求尽可能减少现代技术的负面影响,提倡技术的“人文主义”,使城市成为经济高效、环境宜人、社会和谐的人类理想栖境。     

绿色经济:发展中国家成功的故事(上)

绿色经济是指既能促进人类福祉和社会平等,同时又能显著降低环境风险和生态牺牲的经济.绿色经济的特点是通过经济部门的大量投资加强地球的自然资本或者减少生态牺牲和环境风险,并且经济部门是以这些条件为基础的.     

以中新天津生态城为龙头的天津生态城市建设模式与对策研究

一、生态城市的产生与发展 (一)生态城市的产生 1.生态城市的概念. 生态城市(eco-city)是由前苏联城市生态学家亚尼茨基于1981年提出的一种理想城市--自然、技术、人文充分融合,物质、能量、信息高效利用,人的创造力和生产力得到最大限度的发挥,居民的身心健康和环境质量得到保护,建立生态、高效、和谐的人类聚居新环境.     

基于层次分析法的城市生态文明建设评价及策略研究

生态环境是人类赖以生存的基础,环境遭到破坏必然影响人类的可持续发展,构建生态文明建设评价指标体系并利用其指导城市建设,关系人民的福祉与民族的未来.笔者综合考虑已有学者的研究成果与生态文明建设特点,从经济发展、 资源能耗效率、 生态环境保护、 生态文化建设与社会进步5个方面构建了包含5个一级指标、20个二级指标的生态文明建设评价指标体系;利用层次分析法(AHP)计算确定各评价指标的权重,根据计算结果,找出影响生态文明建设的关键因素,以评价结果为基础,给出完善生态文明建设、 实现人与自然和谐发展的建议.     

融入生态文明理念的城市规划环境影响评价指标体系初探

正一、生态文明的基本理念生态文明体现的是人与自然的关系,反映人类进步与自然生态环境的和谐程度。从人类社会文明体系发展的横向角度来看,生态文明是人类文明建设的重要组成部分,它与政治文明、物质文明和精神文明相互独立又紧密联系;从人类社会发展的纵向历程来看,生态文明是人类社会继农业文明和工业文明之后产生的一种先进的文明形态。生态文明的主要表征是人与社会、人与自然间相互关系的进步状态,强调以自然规律为准则,以资源环境承载力为基础,形成资源节约利用和环境保护的空间格局、产业结构以及生产生活方式,是一种可持续的新型文明。生态文明具有多层次和多维度的特点,包括生态制度文明、生态意识文明和生态行为文明。     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

Evaluation of the location of cities in terms of land cover on the example of Poland

Urban Ecosystems - The increasing availability of remote sensing materials of varying spatial resolution inclines to look for methods enabling their use, both at planning the spatial structure of...     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.     

Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin

This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.     

Content-masking methods as determinants of results of studies of nonverbal communication

The present study was designed to determine whether the technique used to control the semantic content of emotional communications might influence the results of research on the effects of gender, age, and particular affects on accuracy of decoding tone of voice. Male and female college and elementary school students decoded a 48-item audio tape-recording of emotional expressions encoded by two children and two college students. Six emotions — anger, fear, happiness, jealousy, pride and sadness — were expressed in two types of content-standard messages, namely letters of the alphabet and an affectively neutral sentence. The results of the study indicate that different methods for controlling content can indeed influence the results of studies of determinants of decoding performance. Overall, subjects demonstrated greater accuracy when decoding emotions expressed in the standard sentence than when decoding emotions embedded in letters of the alphabet. A technique by emotion interaction, however, revealed that this was especially true for the purer emotions of anger, fear, happiness and sadness. Subjects identified the less pure emotions of jealousy and pride relatively more accurately when these emotions were embedded in the alphabet technique. The implications of these results for research concerning the vocal communication of affect are briefly discussed.Preparation of this article was supported in part by the National Science Foundation.