基于近红外荧光标记蛋白芯片的多肿瘤标志物联合定量检测技术

为了有效降低恶性肿瘤的死亡率,提高肿瘤筛查的普适性、稳定性和灵敏度,建立了近红外荧光标记蛋白芯片的多肿瘤标志物联合定量检测系统.对该系统的近红外荧光标记蛋白芯片免疫分析原理和用于蛋白芯片扫描分析的生物芯片扫描仪进行了研究.采用双抗体夹心的近红外荧光法检测,在固相载体上包被多种肿瘤标志物抗体,捕获被检者血清中对应肿瘤标志...     

电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用

电化学免疫传感器在床边诊断中扮演很重要的角色。现代电化学免疫传感器有很高的灵敏度,可以用于肿瘤的早期诊断。电化学仪器与纳米材料的结合可以同时检测多个肿瘤标志物。电化学免疫传感器给提高癌症诊断和治疗检测的水平带来了希望。本文综述了电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的研究现状,对于最新进展、所遇到的挑战以及今后的发展趋势也给予了关注。     

应用EVIDENCE180全自动生物芯片分析仪检测多项肿瘤标志物

目的:对EVIDENCE180全自动生物芯片分析仪在肿瘤标志物检测应用方面的性能做出评价.方法介绍了该仪器的测量原理:用该仪器检测了癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(βhCG)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)以及糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)等6种不同的肿瘤标志物在质控血清和样本血清中的含量,分别进行了日内变异系数、日间变异系数及相关性分析.结果:6项肿瘤标志物的日内变异系数在3.8%～10.3%之间,日问变异系数在8.2%～13.1%之间;检测结果与E170全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪相比较具有较好的相关性,相关系数(r)在0.84～0.97之间.结论:系统的稳定性、精密度和准确度都较好,并具有节约样本、操作简单方便等特点.     

荧光法叶绿素在线分析仪分析性能评价

研究了荧光法叶绿素在线分析仪的分析性能,探讨了干扰因素对测定结果的影响,对实际水样进行了测试,并进行了现场试验。该分析仪操作简单,无二次污染,干扰程度小,仪器测得值与标准方法具有较好的一致性,现场运行稳定,测得数据可靠。仪器的探头式设计适合于环境水质的实时原位监测。根据测得河流、湖泊等水体中叶绿素a值的变化,可预测水体的富营养化程度。     

基于纳米材料的化学传感器检测肿瘤生物标志物的研究进展

纳米工程和传感技术的复合创新,具备着改善人类健康和提高诊断质量的巨大潜力。纳米材料的比表面积大、原子比例高,其独特的尺寸效应和表面效应为传感传感器的材料选择提供了新的思路。化学传感器经纳米材料集成,实现了输出信号的放大、稳定性的增强、灵敏度的提高、检测范围的扩大。本文简要概述了多样的纳米材料、经典的化学传感器和常见的肿瘤生物标志物,重点关注了基于纳米材料的化学传感器在核酸、蛋白、代谢类生物标志物的研究进展,并对未来的发展作出了简要的分析和讨论。     

特发性肺纤维化患者血清肿瘤标志物水平与疾病严重程度关系

目的:分析特发性肺纤维化(Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)患者血清肿瘤标志物水平与疾病严重程度的关系。方法:选取2013年3月—2016年3月74例IPF患者,检测患者血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(Cyfra21-1、)、鳞状上皮细胞内抗原(SCC)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、CA15-3、CA125等肿瘤标志物,分析上述指标与患者肺功能、全肺纤维化高分辨率CT(high-resolution CT,HRCT)评分的相关性。结果:IPF患者FEV1为57.58±5.46、FVC为55.19±5.82、FEV1/FVC为85.04±2.28,患者HRCT评分为(2.26±0.43)分,Pearson相关性分析示,CEA、CA19-9、CA15-3与患者肺功能呈负相关,CEA、CA19-9、CA153、CA125与患者全肺纤维化HRCT评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:IPF患者血清CEA、CA19-9、CA153、CA125水平与其疾病严重程度具有一定关联,据此了解患者肺间质受损程度有望为临床诊治及病情控制提供参考。     

常规荧光法与同步荧光法用于浒苔叶绿素a测定的比较研究

选用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为浒苔叶绿素a的萃取剂,使用常规荧光法和同步荧光法对浒苔叶绿素a的测定进行了比较研究。结果显示,DMF作为萃取剂与传统的丙酮溶剂相比,具有提取时间短、效率高、操作简便等优点;常规荧光法和同步荧光法均可用于浒苔叶绿素a测定,测定结果无显著性差异;对青岛四个站点的20组浒苔样本叶绿素a进行比测分析的结果是,常规荧光法检测的浒苔叶绿素a含量分布为4.38～9.35mg/g;同步荧光法检测的浒苔叶绿素a含量分布为4.53～8.74mg/g。     

平行流式冷凝器的热力性能研究

对平行流式冷凝器热力性能进行了理论和试验分析,得出了影响平行流式冷凝器热力性能的因素,并提出了优化平行流式冷凝器热力性能的措施,为平行流式冷凝器的优化设计提供了理论参考。     

多元平行流式冷凝器的仿真与优化

建立多元平行流式冷凝器的计算模型,分别对不同风速、环境温度、制冷剂温度、空气出口温度和质量流量下的传热和流动特性进行了模拟计算,分析了相关运行参数对其传热及流动性能的影响,结果表明:冷凝器的换热量与风速之间存在一个临界风速使换热量趋向于定值;制冷剂温度在入口段下降剧烈,中间段保持不变,末端又逐渐下降;相比较一般空冷式冷凝器,平行流式冷凝器空气进出口温差能获得较大值;存在一个最佳质量流量,能在压降较小的情况下保证较高的换热量.     

糖尿病肾病早期标志物检测技术

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病肾病最严重的并发症之一,但在其早期存在可逆性.本文介绍糖尿病肾病早期标志物的检测技术,包括放射免疫测定法、化学发光免疫测定法、酶联免疫吸附测定法等实验室常规检测方法,以及石英晶体免疫传感器、荧光生物传感器、表面等离子体共振生物传感器和微型电化学生物传感器等检测技术.     

Illumination and detection systems for quantitative fluorescence microscopy

Systems are described for the illumination and detection of light microscope images of fluorescence in living cells at low levels of excitation. The illumination system is based on the use of an acousto-optic modulator to control the wavelength and power of the excitation beam. The detection system utilizes an image intensifier coupled with a television camera to acquire images at extremely low intensities. Both the illumination and detection systems have superior performance compared to existing devices.     

用于纳升级微量样品检测的原位激光诱导荧光系统

针对生命科学研究中测试样品量极少的关键问题,以毛细管作为样品检测池,采用入射光与荧光原位进出的系统设计方案;以半导体泵浦固体激光器作为激发光源、高分辨紧凑型光谱仪作为探测器,构建了用于纳升级微量样品检测的原位激光诱导荧光系统。利用水溶液中罗丹明B浓度的测量来验证系统性能。结果表明,罗丹明B浓度在93pg/mL～15ng/mL范围内与荧光强度有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9982,检出限为28pg/mL,证实该系统具有低噪声、低试剂消耗、低检出限、高灵敏度和精确度等优点,可满足生物测试的实际使用要求。     

新生儿苯丙酮尿症(PKU)荧光筛查系统的设计

新生儿苯丙酮尿症的早期诊断,对于减少和防止智力发育障碍的出现,有积极的临床意义和社会效益。荧光法因具有灵敏度高、操作简单等优点而成为新生儿苯丙酮尿症筛查的主要方法。新生儿苯丙酮尿症（PKU）荧光筛查系统包括光学检测子系统,精密微孔板扫描结构,嵌入式PC及硬件接口电路等。针对目前进口荧光检测仪器光路复杂、体积大、成本高等缺陷,本文介绍了一种新生儿苯丙酮尿症荧光筛查系统的开发,通过与进口标准仪器的比对实验,证明了该系统的有效性。     

A multiparametric assay for quantitative nerve regeneration evaluation

We introduce an assay for the semi-automated quantification of nerve regeneration by image analysis. Digital images of histological sections of regenerated nerves are recorded using an automated inverted microscope and merged into high-resolution mosaic images representing the entire nerve. These are analysed by a dedicated image-processing package that computes nerve-specific features (e.g. nerve area, fibre count, myelinated area) and fibre-specific features (area, perimeter, myelin sheet thickness). The assay's performance and correlation of the automatically computed data with visually obtained data are determined on a set of 140 semithin sections from the distal part of a rat tibial nerve from four different experimental treatment groups (control, sham, sutured, cut) taken at seven different time points after surgery. Results show a high correlation between the manually and automatically derived data, and a high discriminative power towards treatment. Extra value is added by the large feature set. In conclusion, the assay is fast and offers data that currently can be obtained only by a combination of laborious and time-consuming tests.     

用于荧光检测的现场聚焦电泳浓缩装置

应用聚焦电泳原理，设计了一种用于荧光检测的现场浓缩装置。本装置是一种改进型的比色池，可作为荧光计的标准配件。以检测溴酚蓝、荧光素钠为例，装置的浓缩效率达67％，使荧光强度增强32．5倍。     

Rapid assay for pathogenic salmonella organisms by immunofluorescence flow cytometry

Multi-parameter flow cytometry was investigated for the rapid detection of specific serotypes of salmonellas (S. typhimurium and S. montevideo) labelled with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies, both in pure culture and in a typical food matrix (full-fat milk). In all cases, the method was accurate to levels of below 10⁴ target cells per ml for a total assay time of about 30 min. After 6 h non-selective enrichment in the presence of a 10 000-fold excess of competing micro-organisms (Escherichia coli) the corresponding detection limit was about 20 cells ml^?1. These results suggest that flow cytometry has significant potential for the detection of pathogenic micro-organisms in the food industry.     

荧光法快速检测海洛因分析仪器的研制

介绍荧光法检测海洛因的原理 ,根据这一原理研制的分析仪采用连续谱的辐射源 ,检测海洛因时调试、操作简单 ,测试结果稳定性好 ,灵敏度可达 10 - 1～ 10 - 6 。改进后可望进一步提高灵敏度和稳定性 ,实现对海洛因的现场快速检测。     

Method of calibration of a fluorescence microscope for quantitative studies

Confocal microscopy is based on measurement of intensity of fluorescence originating from a limited volume in the imaged specimen. The intensity is quantized in absolute (albeit arbitrary) units, producing a digital 3D micrograph. Thus, one may obtain quantitative information on local concentration of biomolecules in cells and tissues. This approach requires estimation of precision of light measurement (limited by noise) and conversion of the digital intensity units to absolute values of concentration (or number) of molecules of interest. To meet the first prerequisite we propose a technique for measurement of signal and noise. This method involves registration of a time series of images of any stationary microscope specimen. The analysis is a multistep process, which separates monotonic, periodic and random components of pixel intensity change. This approach permits simultaneous determination of dark and photonic components of noise. Consequently, confidence interval (total noise estimation) is obtained for every level of signal. The algorithm can also be applied to detect mechanical instability of a microscope and instability of illumination source. The presented technique is combined with a simple intensity standard to provide conversion of relative intensity units into their absolute counterparts (the second prerequisite of quantitative imaging). Moreover, photobleaching kinetics of the standard is used to estimate the power of light delivered to a microscope specimen. Thus, the proposed method provides in one step an absolute intensity calibration, estimate of precision and sensitivity of a microscope system.     

用于宫颈癌标志物检测的新型电化学传感器设计

为了提高宫颈癌标志物检测的准确率,提出并设计了一种基于生物共轭探针与DSN酶双向信号放大的比率型电化学生物传感器。利用捕获探针在传感器中植入DSN酶,通过循环释放miRNA,实现核酸标志物信号的放大;利用MB-DNA-AuNp生物共轭探针实现了MB信号的增强。实验结果表明,随着miRNA-21浓度的升高,Fc的电化学峰值电流降低,MB的电化学峰值电流显著增加,该型传感器对于核酸和蛋白质两种典型宫颈癌标志物的检测具有很高的灵敏度和精确度。     

A portable fluorescence detector for fast ultra trace detection of explosive vapors

This paper developed a portable detector based on a specific material-based fluorescent sensing film for an ultra trace detection of explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) or its derivate 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), in ambient air or on objects tainted by explosives. The fluorescent sensing films are based on single-layer chemistry and the signal amplification effect of conjugated polymers, which exhibited higher sensitivity and shorter response time to TNT or DNT at their vapor pressures. Due to application of the light emitting diode and the solid state photomultiplier and the cross-correlation-based circuit design technology, the device has the advantages of low-power, low-cost, small size, and an improved signal to noise ratio. The results of the experiments showed that the detector can real-time detect and identify of explosive vapors at extremely low levels; it is suitable for the identification of suspect luggage, forensic analyses, or battlefields clearing.