小转子重建人工股骨头置换治疗高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折

背景：人工股骨头置换是治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的有效方法，但是对于Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折，人工股骨头置换术中同期行小转子重建与否对治疗效果的影响未见报道。目的：分析小转子重建对高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折患者长柄人工股骨头置换治疗效果的影响。方法：回顾性分析西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科2017年6月至2021年5月因Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折行双极长柄人工股骨头置换的45例高龄患者的病历资料，根据术中小转子是否重建(复位并固定)分为2组，小转子重建组25例，小转子非重建组20例。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、下床时间、住院时间、术后3,6个月的Harris评分以及随访期内的并发症发生情况。结果与结论：(1)小转子重建组需要的手术时间(99.72±13.41) min较非重建组(88.90±16.53) min更长(t=2.369,P=0.023)，二者在出血量、下床时间和住院时间方面差异无显著性意义(P> 0.05)；(2)术后3个月时，重建组的Harris评分(69.06±5.64)分高于非重建组(63.35±5.93)分(t=2.982,P=0...     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者转子间骨折

目的观察骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换在高龄患者粉碎型股骨转子间骨折治疗中的应用及疗效。方法对2003年6月-2006年12月本院收治的48例伴有骨质疏松的高龄粉碎型股骨转子间骨折患者进行骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换术，对手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间、治疗效果、并发症发生率进行观察。结果本组48例患者全部获得1—4年（平均2．5年）随访，优良率达87．5％。结论骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗伴有骨质疏松的高龄患者粉碎型股骨转子间骨折，在近期疗效上固定牢固，能早期下床活动，方法可行有效。     

内固定与股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折疗效观察

目的探讨应用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法高龄股骨转子间骨折患者84例,随机分为置换组和内固定组,前者将骨折复位固定后行人工股骨头置换术,后者行锁定接骨板内固定术,从手术时间、失血量、术后并发症及髋关节Harris评分等指标比较两组疗效。结果所有患者获得平均15个月(11~26个月)随访。置换组手术时间、术后并发症发生率、髋关节功能Harris评分等优于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(0.05)。结论股骨头置换术治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折具有手术时间短、出血少、并发症少等优点,效果满意。     

骨水泥型人工关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折27例

背景:股骨转子间骨折传统的手术治疗方法有动力髋螺钉、动力髁螺钉、股骨近端髓内钉,甚至股骨近端锁定钢板、经皮微创钢板固定,疗效肯定。但此类方法并非适应所有转子间骨折,尤其是年龄在75岁以上的高龄患者,转子间骨折多为不稳定型,大多合并有内科疾病,内固定失败率较高。目的:探讨骨水泥型人工关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法:高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折27例,男11例,女16例,平均年龄84.6岁。采用髋关节后外侧改良Gibson入路,将大转子解剖复位,作为测量肢体长度和安装假体的一个重要标志。所有患者均使用骨水泥加长股骨假体柄,除2例合并有髋关节炎的患者行全髋置换外,其余患者均为双动股骨头置换。结果与结论:本组患者均安全渡过手术期,术后开始负重行走时间为置换后7～16d。27例随访6～48个月,平均20个月,随访期间未出现假体松动、下沉等,骨折有满意骨痂生长。置换后6个月Harris髋关节功能评分78～94分,平均达85.4分,优良率达78%。1例因护理不当发生髋关节后脱位,2例在住院期间发生下肢深静脉血栓,经相应治疗后均痊愈。提示骨水泥型人工关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折具有卧床时间短,能早期负重行走,并发症少,肢体功能恢复佳等优点,近期效果满意。     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折与股骨颈骨折的比较

背景：对于移位明显的股骨颈骨折采用股骨头置换已成为共识,而对于股骨转子间骨折采用人工股骨头置换仍存在分  歧。 目的：通过比较人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折与股骨颈骨折的疗效及预后,评价双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的效果。 方法：2005-06/2009-06采用人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折和股骨颈骨折患者共112例,其中股骨转子间骨折组52例,股骨颈骨折组60例。对两组患者的手术时间、出血量、下地负重时间和髋关节功能进行比较分析。 结果与结论：置换后随访12~39个月。按Harris评分评估髋关节功能,股骨转子间骨折组优22例,良25例,可3例,差1例,优良率为92.1%;股骨颈骨折组优28例,良25例,可4例,差1例,优良率为91.3%。股骨颈骨折组的手术时间显著短于股骨转子间骨折组(P < 0.05),出血量显著低于股骨转子间骨折组(P < 0.05)。但下地负重时间和疗效优良率两组差异无显著性意义。提示人工股骨头置换可作为治疗高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折的主要方法。     

全髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折：同一机构53例随访

背景：股骨转子间骨折高龄患者选用内固定治疗成功率不高。 目的：观察全髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的效果。 方法：纳入69例年龄大于70岁的不稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者,选用全髋关节置换作为主要治疗手段。记录置换后并发症、死亡周期、髋关节功能Harris评分及恢复正常功能的时间周期。 结果与结论：16例患者失访,剩余53例。7例以上患者死于置换后1年内。置换后第1个月的Harris评分为66±7,第3个月为72±6,第1年为74±5,第3年为76±6,其中27例5年后的Harris评分为76±8。患者恢复下地行走能力的平均时间为28 d。所有患者未出现假体松动和植入感染现象。提示全髋关节置换可作为治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者的一种有效选择,患者在极低的器械故障风险下能更快地恢复,避免了内固定治疗失败的风险问题,使患者能够在治疗后保持良好的运动功能。     

PFN钉置入内固定与人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的比较

背景：PFN钉置入内固定用于治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折已被广泛应用于临床。但人工关节置换是否可以运用于高龄股骨转子骨折患者仍存在争议。 目的：比较PFN钉置入内固定与人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折疗效的差异 方法：选择青海省藏医院骨科高龄股骨转子间骨折患者62例,年龄75~87岁,按治疗方式随机分为PFN钉内固定组、人工股骨头置换组,二组均采用常规手术入路。观察2组患者的手术时间、出血量及髋关节功能、内科并发症等指标。 结果与结论：62例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者经切开复位内固定均获得成功。①两组手术时间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②人工股骨头置换组术中出血量多于PFN组、术后卧床时间、内科并发症及髋部畸形率均少于PFN组(P < 0.05)。人工股骨头置换组术后髋关节Harris评分优于PFN钉内固定组。人工股骨头置换因手术手术创伤较大出血量多,但在术后恢复时间、预防术后内科并发症及髋部畸形方面优于PFN钉内固定组,近期髋关节活动度要优于PFN钉内固定组。     

人工关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折

目的：探讨人工关节置换术在治疗高龄患者不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法：对16例高龄（平均79．4岁）股骨转子部不稳定型骨折患者，采用人工股骨头置换治疗。结果：围手术期死亡1例，余15例随访4～32个月（平均为18个月），Harris功能评分平均达86．3分，73．3％的患者患髋关节功能接近伤前水平，生活能自理，未发现假体松动、下沉及脱位。结论：人工关节置换术治疗高龄转子部骨折的患者，是有效的治疗方案。     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉置入和骨水泥型人工股骨双动头置换治疗老年转子间骨折

背景：针对高龄股骨转子间骨折的治疗方法选择尚存在争议。 目的：比较股骨近端抗旋髓内钉置入和人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的疗效。 方法：2007-10/2009-06入选老年转子间骨折患者79例,股骨近端抗旋髓内钉置入内固定34例,年龄65~81岁;人工股骨头置换45例,年龄67~94岁。对住院时间,手术时间,出血量,固定/置换后并发症和髋关节功能进行评价。 结果与结论：79例固定/置换后随访6~24个月,平均(17.5±4.9)个月。两组在住院时间,固定/置换后并发症和关节功能Harris评分方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),在手术时间和术中出血量方面股骨近端抗旋髓内钉置入较股骨头置换有较大优势  (P_手术时间 < 0.001,P_{术中出血量}< 0.000 1),但股骨近端抗旋髓内钉组下地时间较股骨头置换组晚(P < 0.000 1)。结果表明股骨近端抗旋髓内钉置入和人工股骨头置换是治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的有效方法,与人工股骨头置换比较,股骨近端抗旋髓内钉置入固定具有手术时间短,术中出血少的优点,但卧床时间较长。应严格掌握病例选择标准,选用合适的技术治疗。     

骨质疏松性转子间骨折人工关节置换疗效分析

[摘要]目的 初步探讨高龄不稳定性骨质疏松性转子间骨折应用人工关节置换的临床疗效分析。方法 回顾分析我院自2007年5月~2013年7月收治高龄骨质疏松性转子间骨折患者56例，其中男性26例，女性30例；年龄80~96岁（平均87.6岁）。术前经双能X线行腰椎骨密度测定均诊断为严重骨质疏松。骨折按Evens分型标准，Ⅱ型10例，Ⅲ型30例，Ⅳ型13例，Ⅴ型3例。所有56例均采用后外侧入路行人工关节置换治疗。从患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后下床负重时间、术后并发症情况、术后6个月髋关节Harris评分来了解治疗效果。结果 术后随访12~48个月，平均35.6个月。所有病例术后随访均未出现感染，未出现关节脱位、人工假体松动、下沉或断裂、假体周围骨折、下肢静脉血栓。术后6个月Harris 评分平均为（87.52±3.80）。结论 高龄骨质疏松性转子间骨折应用人工关节置换治疗安全有效，能够早期下地负重，减少术后并发症，对高龄老年患者是一个有效的选择，远期疗效需要进一步随访观察。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.