能力情绪智力与特质情绪智力的研究

<正>情绪智力(emotional intelligence,EI)领域的研究始于心理学,但是目前关于这个主题的研究已经在教育、人力资源和精神病学等各领域广泛开展。西方哲学关于人类思维和情绪之间关系的研究约始于2000年前,但是在心理学领域中关于情绪智力的研究约始于18世纪,至今大约经历了5个     

认知方式的测量及其在我国的研究进展

本文回顾了自Allport1937年提出认知方式的概念以来．在认知心理学领域内．国外学者关于认知方式的研究历史及其主要的测量方式。在此基础上综合了上世纪70年代以来我国学者关于认知方式的研究。特别是近十年来将研究成果运用到教育教学方式、学生学业成绩、学生阅读能力、创造力研究、人格特质等方面的实验研究。     

《中国健康心理学杂志》论文现状的分析报告

目的了解中国健康心理学的研究范围、研究内容、研究现状及发展趋势。方法对近5年《中国健康心理学杂志》刊载的所有文章进行分类统计。结果①近5年来关于精神卫生方面研究逐渐减少。②中国健康心理学的研究领域不断扩大和细致分化。③健康心理学的研究受重视的程度有上升的趋势。结论中国健康心理学的领域不断扩大和细化,受重视的程度有逐年上升的趋势。     

癌症患者在社会比较中的认同-对立过程和大五因素关系初探

癌症一直是人类难以攻克的顽症。近年来 ,人们从不同角度对癌症治疗加以研究。本文从认知心理学和人格心理学角度 ,结合近年西方相关研究 ,探讨不同癌症患者的人格特质及其社会比较中的认同—对立过程的关系 ,以期为我国广大医疗工作者在癌症心理及生理治疗中提供一些启示     

自闭症儿童治疗状况的调查研究

目前 ,关于自闭症的研究已经走出了临床精神病学的领域 ,深入到临床心理学、实验心理学、认知心理学、发展心理学等各领域 ,从其诊断、分类、发生率以及教育与治疗康复、行为训练等各个角度进行探讨。在我国 ,教育干预、行为训练等已经成为自闭症儿童康复的主流。但是 ,自闭症儿童康复的概率 ,预后的状况到底如何 ,目前此类研究较少。本研究进行了儿童自闭症预后状况的调查、分析。1　对象与方法1.1　对象调查对象来自广州市各类特殊学校以及广州市内特别为自闭症儿童开设的训练机构的儿童 ,都符合ICD— 10和DSM -Ⅳ自闭症的诊断标准。共…     

癌症的分子生物学(第4版)

在全球范围内,癌症都是极大危害人类生命和健康的一类重大疾病.因而,长期以来,针对癌症的研究始终是生命科学和医学领域的热点和重点.随之而来的是,关于癌症的教科书、参考书、专业书等琳琅满目,汗牛充栋,极其丰富,不易选择.     

积极心理学介绍

积极心理学是当代新兴的心理学思潮。文章对积极心理学的发展、本质、理论研究等方面进行了系统阐述,重点从积极心理学的理念及其与传统主流心理学、人本主义心理学、建构主义心理学的关系等多个侧面对积极心理学进行了论述,并从国际心理学研究的趋势和积极心理学自身的特点两个方面阐述了积极心理学的本土化研究。在此基础上,指出了积极心理学研究领域存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

近日节律紊乱与癌症关系的研究进展

动物实验及流行病学研究结果表明,癌症的发生发展与近日节律的紊乱密切相关。目前关于近日节律紊乱与癌症关系的研究还存在一些局限性:人群流行病学研究目前主要是发现夜间倒班、跨时差飞行等所致的节律紊乱与乳腺癌、前列腺癌发病关系密切,而关于其它癌症的研究报道较少。虽然近日节律失调与癌症的关系已经得到证实,但其机制尚未确定,大多数学者认为,节律紊乱的致癌作用主要与褪黑素分泌的降低和生物钟基因表达的紊乱有关。     

“留守经历”大学新生积极心理品质与家庭环境的关系探究

<正>积极心理学是利用心理学较为完善和有效的实验方法与测量手段研究人类的力量和美德等积极方面的一个心理学思潮,Seligman等提出积极品质由主观幸福感、乐观快乐和自决等构成~[1]。积极心理品质是积极人格特质的一种,是积极心理学的核心研究领域之一~[2]。国内有不少关于大学生积极心理品质的研究,但有关"留守经历"大学新生积极心理品质的研究不多。留守经历大学生,是指在其上大学之前父母一方或双方长期远离家乡,或者因外出打工、经商等与其分居达     

团体心理治疗临床应用的研究进展

对团体心理治疗临床应用的研究文献进行学习、回顾与分析。使团体心理治疗这种极具成本效果的干预方式得到重视和推广应用。研究结果证明,团体心理治疗具有某些个别心理治疗所不具有的优势。团体心理治疗广泛应用于焦虑症、强迫症、抑郁症、精神分裂症、进食障碍、慢性疼痛、癌症患者疗效因子的影响、提高应对危机事件的能力、冰毒依赖者康复期的心理健康等,取得了显著的临床治疗效果。目的在于在为心理学工作者、精神科医生在团体心理治疗领域的研究和应用提供参考和借鉴。     

From Death Anxiety to Meaning Making at the End of Life: Recommendations for Psychological Assessment

Although careful assessment and intervention for depression can improve psychological research and practice with patients at the end of life, attention to this focal problem should be supplemented by a broader evaluation of factors relevant to both risk and resilience. In particular, substantial research on the assessment of suicidality, death attitudes, and grief has yielded an array of methods for evaluating additional domains of patient and family functioning of high relevance to end-of-life care. This article discusses some of the specific advantages of assessment tools targeting each domain and provides citations to comprehensive psychometric reviews in each area.     

Future Directions in Affirmative Psychological Interventions with Transgender Children and Adolescents

Transgender children and adolescents experience a gender identity that is incongruent with their sex assigned at birth, often resulting in gender dysphoria. Emerging literature has explored the etiology of transgender identities, documented transgender youths’ risk for psychopathology, and evaluated whether social and medical gender transition processes are appropriate and effective for transgender youth. However, there is a dearth of empirical data on gender-affirmative psychological interventions designed to reduce the forms of psychological distress experienced by many transgender youths. This is surprising given the elevated rates of psychological distress among transgender youth and the broad recommendation for psychotherapy for youth going through a gender transition. To identify future directions in psychological interventions for transgender youth, we first review key background information on transgender youths’ identity development and the role of psychological support in affirmative care. Next, we present future directions in this literature, which emphasizes the need for theory-driven empirical research that incorporates the developmental context of transgender youth to understand the mechanisms underlying group-specific psychological distress. Finally, we lay out the application of these future directions by exploring 3 domains relevant to transgender youth’s psychological distress: gender dysphoria, parent and peer interactions, and co-occurring psychopathology. Within each domain, we review extant empirical research, present the current state of affirmative psychological interventions, and discuss implications for future directions. Future research on affirmative psychological care for transgender youth is urgently needed and must focus on clearly articulating which youth could benefit from psychological interventions and why those interventions might be effective.     

The Internet and clinical psychology: a general review of the implications

The Internet has grown exponentially from its original conception and now takes the form of a vast network of interconnected computers. It encompasses such a wide arena within science that its impact cannot be ignored. This article reviews some of the areas where the Internet is relevant to Clinical Psychology. Three main areas identified and expanded upon are (i) use of the Internet as a communication medium within this domain, (ii) teaching of the discipline, and (iii) use of the Internet as a tool for psychological research. Within these three areas, examples of the applicability of the Internet are discussed as well as its limitations. In summary, use of the Internet within the psychological domain has many advantages and as such should be embraced by the clinical psychologist.     

Psychotherapy outcome and quality improvement: introduction to the special section on patient-focused research

This article introduces the special section of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology on patient-focused research for improving the outcome of psychological therapies. After a discussion of the context, promise, and problems associated with this research domain, an overview of the contributions is offered.     

Quality of Life and Multimorbidity of Elderly Outpatients

INTRODUCTION:

Substantial medical research has established an inverse relationship between quality of life and illness. However, there exists minimal evidence for such a connection in the context of stable and controlled diseases.

OBJECTIVE:

We wished to correlate multimorbidity with quality of life for elderly patients who suffer from stable chronic diseases.

METHODS:

We used a tool to evaluate quality of life, namely World Health Organization quality of life-BRIEF, together with a scale of multimorbidity known as the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatric Version. Furthermore, the quality of life data were correlated with scores recorded on the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatric Version, the number of drugs used, and individual perceptions of health and age.

RESULTS:

We studied 104 elderly patients who suffered from chronic diseases. The patients had exhibited neither acute events nor secondary complications, their cognition was intact, and they were functionally independent. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatric Version showed an inverse correlation with the physical domain (p= 0.008) and a tendency toward an inverse correlation with the psychological domain (p= 0.052). Self-perception of health showed a high correlation with the physical domain (p= 0.000), psychological domain (p= 0.000) and environmental domain (p= 0.000). The number of drugs used correlated only with the physical domain (p= 0.004). Age and social domain showed a tendency toward a positive correlation (p= 0.054).

DISCUSSION:

We uncovered an inverse relationship between quality of life and multimorbidity in a group of patients who suffered from stable chronic diseases, with no functional limitations, pain or complications. Our data suggest that a patient’s knowledge that they have a certain clinical condition changes their subjective assessment of quality of life in the related domain.

CONCLUSION:

The perceived quality of life of the sample was affected by multimorbidity in the physical domain, with a tendency toward commensurate effects in the psychological domain.     

Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: a review of empirical studies

Within the past few decades, there has been a surge of interest in the investigation of mindfulness as a psychological construct and as a form of clinical intervention. This article reviews the empirical literature on the effects of mindfulness on psychological health. We begin with a discussion of the construct of mindfulness, differences between Buddhist and Western psychological conceptualizations of mindfulness, and how mindfulness has been integrated into Western medicine and psychology, before reviewing three areas of empirical research: cross-sectional, correlational research on the associations between mindfulness and various indicators of psychological health; intervention research on the effects of mindfulness-oriented interventions on psychological health; and laboratory-based, experimental research on the immediate effects of mindfulness inductions on emotional and behavioral functioning. We conclude that mindfulness brings about various positive psychological effects, including increased subjective well-being, reduced psychological symptoms and emotional reactivity, and improved behavioral regulation. The review ends with a discussion on mechanisms of change of mindfulness interventions and suggested directions for future research.     

The transmission of risk to children from mothers with schizophrenia: a developmental psychopathology model

Research in children of mothers with schizophrenia (HRsz children) has focused on identifying the early antecedents of adult illness to understand its intergenerational (primarily genetic) transmission. From a developmental psychopathology perspective, the vulnerability of HRsz children may result from multiple environmental factors interacting with ongoing developmental processes. The objectives were: (1) to understand the extent to which having a mother with schizophrenia impacts on developmental and clinical trajectories; (2) to review whether research supports a proposed model for the non-genetic transmission of risk in HRsz offspring; (3) to discuss the implications of the model for early intervention. HRsz children show vulnerability in a range of areas throughout childhood, but the findings are not unanimous in any single domain, and poor developmental functioning in any given domain does not necessarily predict morbidity. Broad support for a developmental psychopathology model is provided by studies suggesting a generalised vulnerability and studies on the impact of psychosocial factors. However, little empirical research has elucidated specific proximal social environmental influences through development. Gaps in the literature are identified where studies in depressed mothers and other groups are potentially informative, and which suggest that conventional psychological therapies may not be sufficient to enhance offspring outcomes. Future research could inform our understanding of developmental psychopathology and the development of preventative interventions.     

Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance

The happy-productive worker hypothesis has most often been examined in organizational research by correlating job satisfaction to performance. Recent research has expanded this to include measures of psychological well-being. However, to date, no field research has provided a comparative test of the relative contribution of job satisfaction and psychological well-being as predictors of employee performance. The authors report 2 field studies that, taken together, provide an opportunity to simultaneously examine the relative contribution of psychological well-being and job satisfaction to job performance. In Study 1, psychological well-being, but not job satisfaction, was predictive of job performance for 47 human services workers. These findings were replicated in Study 2 for 37 juvenile probation officers. These findings are discussed in terms of research on the happy-productive worker hypothesis.     

DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP DIFFERENCES IN DOMAIN‐SPECIFIC WELL‐BEING

Although research is available on group differences for overall well‐being, little research has explored group differences for domain‐specific well‐being. Therefore, we examined differences in overall and domain‐specific well‐being across several demographic variables: gender, income, marital status, age, ethnicity, education level, employment status, occupation, and housing tenure. We analyzed data from 1,087 participants on the I COPPE Scale, which provides scores for overall, interpersonal, community, occupational, physical, psychological, and economic well‐being. Group differences were found across multiple domains with small to large effect sizes. While there were no gender differences, compared with those in the same demographic variable, higher income earners, married, elderly, Hispanic, educated, white‐collar professionals, and homeowners reported the highest levels of well‐being. The unemployed reported the lowest level of well‐being on all but one of the domains–the interpersonal domain. Findings suggest people report different levels of well‐being based on their unique demographic and life circumstances.     

Construct validity of the Schwartz outcome scale‐10: comparisons to interpersonal distress,adult attachment,alexithymia, the five‐factor model,romantic relationship length and ratings of childhood memories

The Schwartz Outcome Scale‐10 (SOS‐10) is a 10‐item questionnaire that measures the broad domain of psychological well‐being and quality of life. The SOS‐10 is easy to administer and score. Past research has shown its utility, reliability and validity in different clinical settings (i.e., inpatient, outpatient and non‐psychiatry medical settings) and with diverse clinical populations in measuring treatment outcome. The present study looks to extend the construct validity of the SOS‐10 to assessing quality of life and psychological health in non‐clinical samples as well. The results reveal that the SOS‐10 is associated in predicted ways with established measures of attachment, interpersonal distress, alexithymia and the big five model whose construct validity and psychometric soundness has been well documented. The SOS‐10 was also associated in predicted ways with ratings of childhood memories and the length of the participants' longest romantic relationship. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: ? The Schwartz Outcome Scale‐10 is a measure of overall psychological health and well‐being which is cost effective, short, easy to administer and score, and evidences strong psychometric properties. It can be utilized with a number of different populations and in diverse settings.