激光器对光电振荡器相位噪声的影响

为了改善光电振荡器相位噪声特性、提高光电振荡器性能,采用理论分析和实验验证的方法,研究了激光器线宽、光功率与光电振荡器相位噪声之间的关系.测试了激光器在功率相等、线宽不等情况下,光电振荡器所产生的微波信号的频谱特性和相位噪声特性;测试了给定线宽激光器在不等功率情况下,所产生的微波信号的相位噪声特性.结果表明,激光器线宽越窄、光功率越大,光电振荡器产生微波信号的频谱特性和相位噪声特性就越好;在频偏1kHz以外,相位噪声受激光器线宽影响较小,受光功率影响较大.这一结果对改善光电振荡器相位噪声有一定的帮助.     

双音频率合成器的设计与实现

研究了一种输出双音信号、低相位噪声、低杂散的频率合成方法.该方法首先利用锁相环路分别产生两路信号,并通过优化设计环路滤波器改善输出信号相位噪声,进而利用设计的Wilkinson功率合成器将两路信号进行功率合成,并通过衰减和放大来控制双音信号功率.基于本方法研制实现的输出双音频率为2 015和2 020 MHz的频率合成器,输出功率范围-12～18 dBm,且连续可调,输出信号相位噪声优于-93 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,在输出功率4 dBm以下时,双音互调成分低于-50 dBc,可用于各种测试系统频率源,尤其便于对非线性系统的测试.     

基于单边带调制的前馈技术压缩半导体激光器线宽

提出了一种基于电光单边带调制的前馈线宽压缩系统,该系统主要包括相位噪声检测和单边带调制两大部分。相位噪声检测部分输出一个与相位误差成比例的误差电压信号,电压信号通过线性调频作用于单边带强度调制器,实现对激光信号的调制。单边带调制器采用马赫增德尔强度调制器的结构,相当于内嵌四个相位调制器,通过相位调制达到强度调制的目的,最终得到线宽压缩的激光信号。实验针对波长为1552.52nm、功率10mW 的分布反馈（DFB）半导体激光器,通过对闭环系统的搭建与仿真,激光器的线宽从原来的0.5nm减小到0.016 nm,实现了对半导体激光器线宽的压窄。     

基于延时自零差光相干接收机的激光器相位噪声测试系统

在相干光通信系统中,激光器相位噪声是影响接收机灵敏度的重要因素。针对相干光通信中的激光光源相位噪声测试提出并研究了表征激光器相位噪声的3个关键指标,分别是电场的功率谱密度、相位误差方差和FM噪声谱线,建立了基于延时自零差相干接收技术的窄线宽激光器相位噪声测试系统,实现了系统仿真,并对一窄线宽激光器进行了相位噪声测试,相比传统的自外差线宽测量技术,此方法在满足测试分辨率要求的同时能够更全面表征激光器相位噪声特性。     

多速率接收及时钟数据恢复光纤激光传输实验研究

基于84km光传输链路,对L波段光纤激光器进行了多速率接收及时钟数据恢复实验。采用伪随机序列非归零(NRZ)码、高性能LiNbO3电光晶体调制器,调制速率从622Mb/s到2.7Gb/s。实验所用光纤激光器输出中心波长1 610.28nm,线宽0.1nm,边模抑制比大于45dB,输出功率稳定性优于0.02dB。对多速率接收眼图进行了测试,其各速率信号眼图张开度好、眼皮厚度小,结果表明测试系统无码间干扰和信号畸变,信号的信噪比较高。在误码率为10-12时,接收灵敏度可达到-30.62dBm,过载光功率为-4.1dBm。分析了影响系统传输质量的因素,研究了高速率下信号与时钟恢复后不同步的问题。     

激光器相位噪声对高速IM／DD光纤通信系统特性影响的研究

光源的光谱特性对高速光纤通信系统的传输特性有很大的影响，本文分析了半导体激光器的相位噪声（线宽）对高速光纤通信系统特性的影响，分析结果指出，在高速长距离ＩＭ／ＤＤ系统的设计与分析中必须考虑激光器线宽的影响，由于光纤的色散特性，激光器的相位噪声在接收端将转化为强度噪声，使光接收机的接收灵敏度产生恶化，并在ＢＥＲ－Ｐｒ曲线上表现出“饱和”现象（ｆｌｏｏｒ）。本文的实验结果验证了这一点     

基于相位调制等效展宽激光线宽的极低相噪光电振荡器

光电振荡器是一种采用光电结合方式的新型微波频率源,其利用光学长时储能,可以实现极低相位噪声的信号输出。文章研究了光纤中散射噪声对光电振荡器相位噪声的影响,重点介绍了基于相位调制等效展宽激光线宽,抑制布里渊散射噪声架构,通过理论公式推导以及实验验证,表明了上述架构可极大改善光电振荡器的相位噪声。实验中采用调制频率为50 MHz、调制幅度为3.1的相位调制信号对激光线宽进行等效展宽,得到在10 GHz频率下为-157.3 dBc/Hz@10 kHz的极低相位噪声信号输出。     

基于复合双环腔及饱和吸收体的单纵模窄线宽掺铥光纤激光器

提出并实现了一种工作在2050 nm波段的单纵模窄线宽掺铥光纤激光器。使用3个耦合器组成的新型复合双环腔抑制密集的多纵模,结合未泵浦的掺铥光纤（作为饱和吸收体）,实现了激光的单纵模激射和窄线宽输出。实验结果表明：室温下,激光器的中心波长为2048.76 nm,光信噪比为68 dB。通过60 min的连续测量,得到激光的输出功率波动不大于0.15 dB,中心波长漂移不大于0.02 nm,证明了所设计的激光器具有良好的波长稳定性和功率稳定性。使用基于3×3光纤耦合器的相位解调系统对激光器的频率噪声特性进行测量,并进一步结合β分割线法测量线宽。当测量时间为0.001 s时,激光器的线宽为9.17 kHz。当频率高于1 MHz时,相对强度噪声低于-125.69 dB/Hz。该激光器在激光雷达和空间光通信系统中具有广阔的应用前景。     

单纵模波长可开关的环形腔光纤激光器

提出并实现了一种单纵模窄线宽输出、波长可开关的光纤激光器.该激光器采用环形腔结构,利用一段未抽运的掺铒光纤(EDF)的饱和吸收效应来实现光纤激光器的单纵模运转与窄线宽输出;同时利用1×2光开关和2个并联的不同中心波长的光纤光栅(FBG)的选波作用,通过控制光开关的电压信号,实现2个输出波长的可开关功能.在17.5 dBm的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)输出功率下,获得了2.5 dBm峰值功率,3 kHz线宽的单纵模激光输出;并且输出光的波长在控制电压的作用下可在1545.2 nm和1556.4 nm两个波长之间任意选择.     

卫星相干光通信多普勒频移开环估计技术

卫星相干光通信在国外已经接近工程应用阶段,主流的传输接收方式为BPSK调制/零差探测,接收端用光锁相环（OPLL）进行载波恢复。但即使在今天,光锁相环的实现依然有难度,而且存在捕获时间过长等现象。文中借鉴了现在的研究热点技术光纤通信中的频偏估计、载波相位恢复技术,针对星间激光通信中存在GHz量级大多普勒频移的工程背景,提出了一种基于DSP的频偏开环补偿算法。从理论上分析了该算法的原理,重点研究了激光器噪声和接收机噪声对频偏估计精度带来的影响,并通过仿真进行了验证。本振光功率为10 dBm时,当接收功率高于-47 dBm,误码率优于10-4;将接收功率提高10 dB后,频偏估计标准差小于370 kHz。     

A 1320 nm experimental optical phase-locked loop

An experimental balanced optical second-order phase-locked loop constructed using 1320 nm diode laser pumped miniature Nd:YAG lasers is discussed. The loop is stable and has a phase error of less than 1.8° when the received signal power is -65 dBm or more. The phase error appears to be dominated by the lasers' frequency noise as long as the signal power is more than -60 dBm     

High-performance phase locking of wide linewidth semiconductorlasers by combined use of optical injection locking and opticalphase-lock loop

The requirement for narrow linewidth lasers or short-loop propagation delay makes the realization of optical phase-lock loops using semiconductor lasers difficult. Although optical injection locking can provide low phase error variance for wide linewidth lasers, the locking range is restricted by stability considerations. Theoretical and experimental results for a system which combines both techniques so as to overcome these limitations, the optical injection phase-lock loop (OIPLL), are reported. Phase error variance values as low as 0.006 rad ² (500 MHz bandwidth) and locking ranges exceeding 26 GHz were achieved in homodyne OIPLL systems using DFB lasers of summed linewidth 36 MHz, loop propagation delay of 15 ns and injection ratio less than -30 dB. Phase error variance values as low as 0.003 rad² in a bandwidth of 100 MHz, a mean time to cycle slip of 3×10¹⁰ s and SSB noise density of -94 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset were obtained for the same lasers in an heterodyne OIPLL configuration with loop propagation delay of 20 ns and injection ratio of -30 dB     

窄线宽低噪声可调谐非平面环形激光器

针对空间相干光通信和探测等应用,对非平面环形激光器的线宽、噪声和调谐特性进行了系统的实验研究。单频输出功率达到752mW,光光效率42%,斜率效率54%。采用延时自外差拍频法测试了激光线宽,其随泵浦功率的增加而增大,输出功率小于200 mW 时,线宽小于1 kHz,在最高输出功率下线宽为2.3 kHz。激光强度噪声主要由弛豫振荡引起,相对强度噪声（RIN）随着泵浦功率的提高而降低。在1.78W 泵浦功率下,RIN 达到-93 dB/Hz。采用温度和压电两种方式进行了激光调谐。温度调谐范围达到62 GHz。压电调谐范围达到130MHz,响应带宽100 kHz。     

Minimum required power for carrier recovery at optical frequencies

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the minimum optical power required to achieve carrier recovery with arms phase error of 10°. This value corresponds to a degradation of about half a decibel for a coherent communication system using BPSK modulation. Two basic carrier recovery configurations were selected for this study. One uses an injection-locked oscillator; the other utilizes a phase-locked loop. The local source for both circuits is a laser providing 4 mW at 1.5 μm and having a full 3-dB linewidth of 20 MHz. The results show that the carrier recovery requirement can be achieved with a phase-locked loop receiving an unmodulated signal of -50 dBm. The minimum required power increases to a least -26 dBm for an injection-locked oscillator. A reduction of the sources linewidth by a given factor will decrease the minimum required power by the same amount.     

Impact of laser intensity noise on ASK two-port optical homodyne receivers

The letter describes initial experimental results obtained with a multiport optical homodyne receiver employing a DFB laser. The receiver performance is found to be limited by the intensity noise of the local oscillator rather than by the phase noise, even when the product of the IF linewidth and the bit duration is as large as 0.56. A relative intensity noise level of at least ? 140dB/Hz will be required for a satisfactory receiver performance with ? 15dBm local oscillator power.     

An optical PSK homodyne transmission experiment using 1320 nmdiode-pumped Nd:YAG lasers

A second-order optical phase-locked loop was constructed using 1320-nm diode-pumped miniature Nd:YAG ring lasers. Using the loop, a 140-Mb/s PSK homodyne transmission experiment was demonstrated over 28.6 km of single-mode fiber. With a loop natural frequency of 13 kHz and a damping factor of 0.6, the receiver sensitivity was -62.8 dBm, or 25 photons/bit. The authors believe this is the highest sensitivity obtained to date with any optical communication system     

基于光学零差偏振探测和锁相的合束激光偏振控制

激光偏振合束是提升窄线宽光纤激光亮度的重要技术,能实现多路激光的共孔径合束输出,同时维持较高的光束质量和线偏振态。文中探索和研究了基于线性锁相技术的合束激光偏振控制系统,详细分析和建立了光零差偏振检测物理模型和线性锁相控制环路的数学模型。利用高精度的光零差技术对合束激光的偏振相位进行检测,并通过快速实时反馈进行激光锁相,获得了输出功率为279 mW的线偏振态激光。锁相控制后,合束激光的偏振消光比达到19.3 dB,控制带宽高达39.6 kHz,剩余相位噪声为710-4 rad/Hz（1 Hz）和310-4 rad/Hz。当提高激光输出总功率达1 W时,偏振消光比维持在~15 dB,其限制因素在于光功率波动引入的相位噪声和光斑空间模式不匹配。     

PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodesin Costas loop

5-Gb/s optical PSK (phase-shift keying) homodyne detection experiments are discussed. In these experiments, the optical carrier is recovered by a Costas optical phase-locked loop using a multielectrode local oscillator (DFB) laser diode at 1.55 μm with a flat FM response. Although the beat linewidth of 80 kHz is broad compared to the loops in other phase-locked loop (PLL) experiments, phase locking with Costas loop is confirmed at 5 Gb/s by increasing the loop natural frequency. The receiver sensitivity is -42.2 dBm or 93 photon/bit for a 2⁷-1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) in front of a 90° hydride     

Optimum optical power splitting ratio of decision drivenphase-locked loop in BPSK optical homodyne receiver

In a BPSK optical homodyne receiver that utilizes a decision-driven phase-locked loop, the splitting ratio of the received power and that of the local oscillator power are very important parameters in achieving high receiver sensitivity. This paper determines the optimum setting of these parameters considering the influence of the relative intensity noise of the local oscillator and the thermal noise of the preamplifier. The optimum splitting ratio of the local oscillator power to the Q-arm is found to be 0.5. The splitting ratio of the received power to Q-arm is obtained as a function of laser linewidth. The optimum setting of the received power and the local oscillator power Is independent of the relative intensity noise of the local oscillator, the thermal noise of the preamplifier and the bit rate, At the optimum splitting ratios, required beat linewidth is obtained as 1.3×10 ^-3/T_b(τ/T_b≪1) and 2.99×10 ^-3/τ(τ/T_b≫1), where T_b is the bit duration and τ is the loop propagation delay time. We show that the total power penalty of 0.8 dB from the shot noise limit can be realized with the relative intensity noise of -170 dB/Hz and equivalent input noise current of 10 pA/√(Hz), even if an imperfect balanced receiver is utilized; quantum efficiency ratio of the twin-photodetector is 0.96, propagation time difference T/T_b is 0.01. To confirm the theoretical model, a BPSK homodyne detection experiment is performed and good agreement is found between theoretical and experimental results     

High-stability 1.5 μm external-cavity semiconductor lasers forphase-lock applications

Applications using phase-locked semiconductor lasers, such as homodyne detection, require lasers with narrow linewidth and high-frequency stability. The design and operating characteristics of two 1.5 μm external-cavity semiconductor lasers built for such applications are described. The measured beat linewidth is 4 kHz, and the spectral density of relative frequency noise deviates significantly from the intrinsic white spectrum only at frequencies below 4 kHz. It is estimated that this frequency jitter will induce approximately 1.1° RMS phase error in a second-order homodyne optical phase-lock loop that is optimized for the present beat linewidth