摩擦板式电流变阻尼器在抑制转子突加不平衡响应中的应用

设计了用于转子振动控制的摩擦板式电流变阻尼器,建立了电流变阻尼器－转子系统的分析模型,根据文献「７」中建立的突加不平衡模型,理论分析了电流变阻尼器抑制转子系统突加不平衡响应,计算分析结果发现：随着外加电压的升高,电流变阻尼器能有效地抑制突加不平衡响应。     

电流变阻尼器动力特性的研究

电流变液是一种可控流体，它在电场的作用下可从牛顿流体变为屈服剪应力较高的粘塑性体，且这种变化连续，可逆，迅速。本文在简要介绍了电流变阻尼器的原理和特点后，就电流变阻尼器的动力特性，如流量和阻尼力等，建立模型，将流体流动分为剪切流动和压差流动两种情况进行了讨论，并进行迭加，使流量和阻尼计算公式得到修正和完善，最后对阻尼力进行简化，提出压差流动占绝对优势，完全可以反映电流变阻尼器的阻尼特性，为进一步实现对阻尼器的控制提供了理论基础。     

电流变液与压电陶瓷复合的自耦合阻尼器

基于智能结构的思想,率先提出设计制作电流变液和压电陶瓷复合的自耦合阻尼器．相比于通常的电流变液阻尼器,该自耦合阻尼器采用压电陶瓷响应外界振动而输出高电压,激励电流变液体工作,从而省去了外加高压电源．随外作用力变化,激励电流变液的压电陶瓷电压自动改变,阻尼器具有自适应的特征,省去了通常的计算机等控制系统．研制的第1代电流变液／压电陶瓷阻尼器实现了自适应的控制过程,显示了良好的减振性能．在第2代产品中采用了新的设计,提高了阻尼器的结构稳定性和可靠性,使阻尼器整体性能得到提高．     

电流变阻尼器的动态特性实验研究

设计制造了一种多层滑动极板式电流变阻尼器，使用自制的电流变液，采用正弦激励，进行了这种电流变阻尼器的阻尼特性试验。研究了电流变阻尼器的载荷－位移迟滞特性和载荷－速率迟滞特性，同时研究分析了这种电流变阻尼器的周期能耗特性及等效粘性阻尼特性。结果表明，阻尼器的周期能耗量随外加电场强度的增加而增加，外加电场强度越大，阻尼器的等效阻尼系数越大。阻尼器的阻尼特性体现为库仑阻尼和粘性阻尼的组合，其中随外加电场强度可控的主要是库仑阻尼力，而且库仑阻尼力不仅与外加强度有关，也与阻尼器的运动速度有关。该阻尼器系统是一个强非线性系统，极板间电流变液在低剪切应变率时表现为Bingham塑性流体，在高剪切应变率时流变性态比较复杂，导致载荷－速率迟滞环出现多区域闭合现象。     

聚苯胺体系电流变流体的阻尼机理及阻尼模型研究

对聚苯胺体系电流变流体在正弦信号作用下的阻尼力响应及其频谱特性进行了理论和实验研究。提出电流变流体的非线性阻尼力的频谱是由基频和频率为基频奇数倍的高次谐波分量组成。建立了由粘性阻尼和迟滞阻尼组成的电流变流体阻尼模型，通过对模型的傅立叶变换及数值仿真，验证了理论分析及阻尼模型的正确性。     

钛酸钙系电流变液在直流电场下损耗模量的研究

研究了直流电场下钛酸钙系电流变液在动态振荡剪切模式下损耗模量的变化。用流变仪测试了不同颗粒体积分数材料在不同的温度和电场下损耗模量随应变的关系曲线。讨论了颗粒体积分数、温度、电场强度以及频率对材料损耗模量的影响。以理论推导和试验数据拟合的方法给出了损耗模量与颗粒体积分数、振荡频率、温度以及电场强度等参数的半经验数学关系式。理论值对比试验结果表明,本文损耗模量表达式与试验结果符合较好,可以用于预测直流电场下钛酸钙系电流变液在动态振荡剪切模式下颗粒体积分数、温度、电场强度、频率和剪切应变对损耗模量的影响。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的电流变液动力学建模及数值模拟

电流变悬浮液内部结构对外电场的快速响应发生在指定的控制空间中,在这一特指的时间和空间尺度上电流变悬浮液的物理行为特征主要为剪切速率低和流动阻尼大,即Mach和Reynolds数一般不大,可以视为微尺度流动来加以研究。针对这一流动特征,基于介观动理论的格子Boltzmann方法,建立了电流变悬浮液两相流动的离散颗粒运动模型,通过该模型进行了动力学模拟,结果表明,该模型解决了分子动力学模型难以描述的因颗粒运动造成局部流场流变特性改变的难题,以及该流场双向耦合过程中对颗粒运动的影响。     

电流变液的性能及其应用研究

简要介绍电流变液的研究进展，详细介绍了有关电流变液及其性能的研究，具体介绍了电流变技术在旋转机械转子系统、汽车发动机支座和悬架系统振动控制中的应用，概要介绍和分析了电流变液在其它方面的应用以及对电流变技术发展的展望．     

电流变液研究进展及最新动态──第5届国际电流变液、磁悬浮体 及相关技术研讨会评介

通过评介第５届国际电流变液、磁悬浮体以及相关技术研讨会，指出电流变液和磁流变液的应用研究有重要进展；磁流变液的剪切应力比电流变液大一个数量级，近来又受到重视；在机理研究中，要注意电流变液的表面效应、损耗对电流变效应的影响．本文还归纳了一些电流变液材料设计的思路．     

电流变液研究进展及最新动态——第5届国际电流变液,磁悬浮体及相关技…

通过评介第５届国际电流变液、磁悬浮体以及相关技术研讨会，指出电流变液和磁流变液的应用研究有重要进展，磁流变液的剪切应力比电流变液大一个数量级，近来又受到重视，有机理研究中，要注意电流变液的表面效应，损耗对电流变效应的影响，本文还归纳了一些电流为液材料设计的思路。     

Performance evaluation of electronic control suspension featuring vehicle ER dampers

This paper presents ride comfort and driving stability performances of electronic control suspension (ECS) equipped with controllable electrorheological (ER) damper and appropriate control strategy. In order to achieve this goal, a cylindrical type ER damper which is applicable to Macpherson strut type suspension of a mid-sized passenger vehicle is designed and manufactured on the basis of the required damping force level of an existing passenger vehicle. After experimentally evaluating the field-dependent damping force and dynamic characteristics of the controllable ER damper, ECS consisting of sprung mass, spring, tire and controller is established in order to investigate the ride comfort and driving stability performances. On the basis of the governing equation of motion of the suspension system, five control strategies (soft, hard, comfort, sports and optimal mode) are formulated. The proposed control strategies are then experimentally realized with the quarter-vehicle ECS system. Control performances such as vertical acceleration of the car body and tire deflection are evaluated in both time and frequency domains under various road conditions. In addition, a comparative work is undertaken to investigate inherent control characteristics of each control strategy.     

An analytical approach to optimally design of electrorheological fluid damper for vehicle suspension system

This work develops an analytical approach to optimally design electrorheological (ER) dampers, especially for vehicle suspension system. The optimal design considers both stability and ride comfort of vehicle application. After describing the schematic configuration and operating principle of the ER damper, a quasi-static model is derived on the basis of Bingham rheological laws of ER fluid. Based on the quasi-static model, the optimization problem for the ER damper is built. The optimization problem is to find optimal value of significant geometric dimensions of the ER damper, such as the ER duct length, ER duct radius, ER duct gap and the piston shaft radius, that maximize damping force of the ER damper. The two constrained conditions for the optimization problem are: the damping ratio of the damper in the absence of the electric field is small enough for ride comfort and the buckling condition of the piston shaft is satisfied. From the proposed optimal design, the optimal solution of the ER damper constrained in a specific volume is obtained. In order to evaluate performance of the optimized ER damper, simulation result of a quarter-car suspension system installed with the optimized ER damper is presented and compared with that of the non-optimized ER damper suspension system. Finally, the optimal results of the ER damper constrained in different volumes are obtained and presented in order to figure out the effect of constrained volume on the optimal design of ER damper.     

剪切阀式磁流变减振器力学特性实验研究

本文对剪切阀式磁流变减振器的结构和工作原理作了介绍,基于平板模型对其结构进行简化,采用叠加法得出了其阻尼力的理论计算模型。利用材料试验机(MTS)分别在不同电流、振幅、速度和频率等条件下,对自行研制的剪切阀式磁流变减振器的动态特性进行了实验研究,得出了相应的实验曲线。实验结果表明剪切阀式磁流变减振器具有优良的电控阻尼力特性,且振幅、速度和频率等因素对其阻尼力有着重要影响,另外也对其阻尼力的理论计算公式作了验证。     

Fluid formulae for damping changeability conceptual design of railway semi-active hydraulic dampers

Damping changeability design and evaluation is the most fundamental issue at the beginning of any new railway semi-active hydraulic damper development. Therefore, physical fluid mechanics for the calculation of basic structure and resistance parameters of the damper should be carefully studied in the conceptual phase. Fluid formulae for changeable damping performance evaluation of two commercial railway semi-active hydraulic dampers are established. Simulation results show that the damper switched by high-speed solenoid valves obtains a wide range of changeable damping coefficients, which guarantees the absorption of a wide spectrum of vibrations; however, a different low cost damper regulated with an inversely proportional relief valve, whose Force-velocity characteristics share the same rising curve, is relatively limited in damping ability. In order to overcome the drawback of the latter one with no obvious cost increase, a new semi-active hydraulic damper which is regulated by a simple proportional throttle valve is proposed. Continued fluid formulation and simulation suggests that the damper can change its damping force rising curves or “effective” damping coefficients continuously, within a considerably wide range. Thus, fluid formulae explicitly established in this study are of significance in the damping changeability conceptual design, further refinement and control design for the three semi-active hydraulic dampers. The proposed new damper, which has both a simple configuration and an easy-to-control ability, might be feasible for industry applications.     

Analytical investigation of an SDOF building structure equipped with a friction damper

The purpose of this study is to investigate analytically a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) building structure equipped with a friction damper for assessing its vibration control effect. Friction dampers are installed between stories to reduce inter-story displacements of building structures subjected to external loading. They are in general regarded to generate damping forces characterized by Coulomb damping, of which the directions are opposite to the inter-story velocities of building structures. Hence, the building structure model with friction dampers can be represented by a mass-spring-viscous-Coulomb damping system. The building response reduction as a result of damper installation can be provided by observing the damping ratio rather than the friction force contributed by the dampers. Since a large friction damper force is required to attenuate the response of the building due to strong excitation, friction force ratio is directly related to building response reduction, which is the friction force of the damper versus external force. Therefore, damping and friction force ratios are key parameters, playing a main role in selecting an optimal friction damper, which satisfies target response reduction. This study first identifies an SDOF building structure installed with a friction damper for free vibration with initial conditions. A?closed-form expression of normalized displacement is derived in terms of friction force ratio in the time domain. Peak and valley of displacements are also found and then the time when the structure stops is derived with recursive interval number. This study is extended to identify steady-state vibration of the structure by deriving closed-form solution in case of resonance in terms of friction force ratio. Then, the dissipated energy balance is identified for both free and steady-state vibrations. Finally, equivalent viscous damping ratios are derived by using friction force ratio based on dissipated energy balance equation. The derived equations in terms of viscous damping ratio and friction force ratio can provide insight to design a friction damper for reducing structural displacement under external loadings.     

FREE VIBRATION OF TAUT CABLE WITH DAMPER AND PARALLEL SPRING

分析了拉索-并联弹簧-阻尼器系统的自由振动特性,由系统的运动方程及边界条件 得到其复特征值方程。进一步研究了系统的极限解,由此讨论了拉索-并联弹簧-阻尼器系统的模态变化分区现象。以拉索-并联弹簧-阻尼器系统的二阶模态解为例,给出了模态频率和阻尼比的变化分布区间及其对应振型的变化情况。讨论了系统分区中存在的模态交叉现象;同时也讨论了斜拉索垂度对于一阶振动模态变化规律的影响。研究表明拉索-并联弹簧-阻尼器系统的振动模态演化因并联弹簧-阻尼器的位置不同而存在的明确的分区现象;安装并联弹簧和阻尼器后拉索的模态阻尼比和模态频率均可明显提高。     

Rheological–dynamical analogy: Prediction of damping parameters of hysteresis damper

This research aims to predict the damping parameters of hysteresis damper based on an analytical rheological–dynamical (RDA) visco-elasto-plastic solution of one-dimensional longitudinal continuous vibrations of a bar. A visco-elasto-plastic bar or damper is an energy dissipation device. An attempt is made to estimate quantitatively the influence of material physical parameters of materials on the damping ratio in both the linear visco-elastic analysis and the nonlinear visco-elasto-plastic analysis of damper subjected to external vibration forces. Two types of damping are considered: viscous damping in the case of linear analysis, defined as stiffness and/or mass proportional and, in the case of nonlinear analysis, hysteresis damping caused by inelastic deformations of damper. Owing to the visco-elastic nature of the materials of the damper and the frequency dependence of the viscous damping ratio ξ, it is useful to consider separately the situations arising when ξ is positive (the system is stable) and when it is negative. A negative damping ratio means that the complementary solution of the response would not die away (the system is unstable because of factor e^{ξ · ω · t}). In the case of nonlinear analysis, the force–displacement relation is nonlinear, so it is very difficult to predict the actual damping and stiffness coefficients, even if the force–displacement characteristic is simply perfect elasto-plastic. Using the RDA method, which takes into account the rate of release of visco-elasto-plastic energy of the dissipation devices; nonlinear behaviors are linearized, enabling to obtain the equivalent damping and stiffness coefficients and the effective period for the damper.     

Dynamic properties of automotive damper modules

This paper addresses the dynamic properties of automotive shock absorber modules. Analyzing an equivalent linear system, a set of characteristic dimensionless numbers are introduced in order to qualify the dynamic performance of the damper and the damper module. The dependency of these numbers on the main parameters of the module like the damping constant, the spring stiffness of the damper, the top mount stiffness and the piston rod mass is shown. These numbers may also serve as similarity coefficients for quite different dampers regarding their dynamic behavior. Furthermore, they can be used to adjust the stiffness of the different force elements of the damper module to achieve an optimal damping quality.     

基于FPK方程的减摆器的非线性阻尼测试方法

受高斯白噪声外激的一阶非线性动力学方程能通过求解对应的FPK方程得到精确稳态解．本文基于这一结果导出减摆器非线性阻尼力与系统速度输出的概率结构的关系,将动力学系统中非线性阻尼力参数的测试问题转化测量系统的概率结构,并通过仿真进行了验证．