InCoME软件成本估算工具

针对现行的成本估算软件存在算法支持不够,算法不公开、对建模支持不够等问题,提出了一种基于最优加权算法的集成软件成本估算方法InCoME,并且在此基础上采用Eclipse RCP框架、Java开发语言、HSQLDB关系数据库开发出了InCoME成本估算软件.该软件不仅实现了驱动因子管理、集成模型支持、模型校准、模型精度分析等模块,而且还实现了基于不确定性的成本估算和风险分析功能,解决了国内一些企业息需成本估算软件等问题.     

基于CBR的软件项目成本估算方法

针对软件项目前期成本估算不准确问题,通过构建软件项目案例库,提出一种基于CBR的软件项目成本估算方法(CBRCEM)。根据COCOMO模型成本驱动因子理论,确定影响项目成本属性特征;引入归一化效用函数,应用层次分析法计算影响项目成本属性的权重值;通过对常用案例检索算法的比较分析,结合软件成本估算的特性,建立基于改进的灰色关联分析理论的软件项目相似度算法;根据PERT理论估算软件项目成本,使估算结果更为准确。CBRCEM在Windows平台上用JAVA语言开发完成并在实际中加以应用,案例研究结果表明,对于软件项目前期成本估算,该方法能够得到更加准确的评估结果。     

基于J2EE结构体系的Web软件成本估算方法J2EECost

基于J2EE结构体系的Web软件在国内已经得到越来越广泛的应用,文章以估算基于J2EE结构体系的Web软件成本为目标,对软件成本估算方法进行了深入研究后,提出文中命名为J2EECost的估算基于J2EE结构体系的Web软件成本估算方法。     

软件成本估算技术比较及趋势分析

总结软件成本估算的研究应用情况, 对比分析软件成本估算的6种估算方法、6种建模技术、12种估算工具,在此基础上,提出软件成本估算的发展趋势,为关联研究和应用提供了参考.     

基于加权类比的软件成本估算方法

软件成本估算是软件项目开发周期、管理决策和软件项目质量中最重要的问题之一。针对软件研发成本估算在软件行业中普遍存在不准确、难以估算的问题,提出一种基于加权类比的软件成本估算方法,将相似度距离定义为具有相关性的马氏距离,通过优化的粒子群算法优化后得到权值,并用类比法估算软件成本。实验结果表明,该方法 具有 比非加权类比、神经网络等非计算模型方法更高的精确度。实际案例测试表明,该方法在软件开发初期基于需求分析的软件成本估算比专家估算有更精确的评估结果。     

非基于软件复用的成本估算模型的复用改造模型及模型系数修正策略

作为软件成本控制管理的重要措施,软件开发成本的估算技术已经成为软件工程领域的一个重要课题。当前基于复用的软件开发正在成为软件工程的主流,但将软件复用考虑进成本估算的模型较少。提出一个基于软件复用的成本估算模型,并应用该模型对COCOMO模型进行复用改造,之后通过实例进行验证。给出了使用存储过程技术对模型参数进行修正的策略,以为各类基于复用的软件开发成本估算提供依据。     

跨组织数据的软件成本估算方法

软件成本估算一直是软件项目管理的重要部分。经过半个多世纪的研究和工业实践,成本估算方法、模型得到了极大的丰富。这些方法、模型也衍生出了各种成本估算工具。但是,成本估算方法和模型的基础是历史项目数据。没有历史项目数据的公司和组织只能利用其他公司或组织的数据来进行自己项目的成本估算。如何利用跨组织数据进行有效的成本估算成为更具现实意义的问题。针对这一问题,提出了一种有效利用跨组织数据进行成本估算的方法,并通过实验说明了方法的有效性。     

构造性成本模型COCOMO

软件估算已成为众多研究的主题。而构造性成本模型COCOMO无疑是其中最为浓墨重彩的一笔。COCO-MO以其独特的优势成为应用范围最广的软件成本估算模型,也是其他众多软件估算方法或模型研究对比、参考和引用的对象。所以对其进行全面而深入的分析是很有意义的。本文在剖析模型原理的同时,把COCOMO作为软件成本估算模型的优势、存在的问题及未来的发展之路作为本文讨论的重点。     

软件成本估算方法在实际工程中的应用研究

软件成本的估算方法是软件开发企业用来评估开发成本与进度的主要方法,这种方法对软件开发企业而言具有非常重要的意义。本文先对软件成本估算方法进行详细分析,之后研究了软件成本估算方法在网络电视平台上的应用。     

一种用于软件采购定价的成本估算系统*

介绍了一种可用于软件采购定价的成本估算系统.首先引入了一个两阶段的成本估算模型框架.该框架利用一个裁剪的COCOMO Ⅱ模型估算开发总工作量,再利用一个贝叶斯网络模型估算开发总成本.并以某科技计划项目为例,对贝叶斯网络模型参数进行了定义和校准.在此基础上,开发了基于B/S结构的成本估算系统.应用实例表明,该系统拥有较高的估算精度.     

软件可靠性及其评估

介绍了软件可靠性问题的来源,阐述了软件可靠性的定义、软件的失效机理、及软件可靠性与硬件可靠性间的差异,并提出了基于模糊数算术运算的软件可靠性估计方法。     

减少软件缺陷前10名排行榜

软件本身的复杂性及其开发进程的不断加速使得软件缺陷难以避免，然而，以下10种技巧可帮你减少编程中出现缺陷。     

On the selection of software defect estimation techniques

Estimating the number of defects in a software product is an important and challenging problem. A multitude of estimation techniques have been proposed for defect prediction. However, not all techniques are applicable in all cases. The selection of the proper approach to use depends on multiple factors: the features of the approach; the availability of resources; and the goals for using the estimated defect data. In this paper a survey of existing estimation techniques and a decision support approach for selecting the most suitable defect estimation technique for a project, with specific goals, is proposed. The results of the ranking are a clear indication that no estimation technique provides a single, comprehensive solution; the selection must be done according to a given scenario. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

COCOMO-Based Effort Estimation for Iterative and Incremental Software Development

Incremental software development and delivery have been used in software projects in many ways for many years. Justifications for incremental approaches include risk amelioration, the management of evolving requirements, and end-user involvement. Incremental development, including iterative, incremental delivery, has become a norm in many sectors. However, there has been little work on modelling the effort in such development and hence a dearth of comparative analyses of cost models for incremental development/delivery. We attempt to rectify this by proposing a COCOMO-style effort model for incremental development/delivery and explore the relationship between effort and the number of increments, thereby providing new insights into the economic impact of incremental approaches to software projects.     

软件成本估算研究

软件成本估算是对将要开发的或正在开发的软件项目所需要的工作量和工作进度作出预测,从而产生出一组在可接受误差范围内的近似规划。该文着重论述了软件成本估算的内容,以及软件成本估算的方法。     

An Empirical Study of Analogy-based Software Effort Estimation

Conventional approaches to software cost estimation have focused on algorithmic cost models, where an estimate of effort is calculated from one or more numerical inputs via a mathematical model. Analogy-based estimation has recently emerged as a promising approach, with comparable accuracy to algorithmic methods in some studies, and it is potentially easier to understand and apply. The current study compares several methods of analogy-based software effort estimation with each other and also with a simple linear regression model. The results show that people are better than tools at selecting analogues for the data set used in this study. Estimates based on their selections, with a linear size adjustment to the analogue's effort value, proved more accurate than estimates based on analogues selected by tools, and also more accurate than estimates based on the simple regression model.     

Knowledge-based risk assessment and cost estimation

A knowledge-based method for software project risk assessment and cost estimation has been implemented on multiple platforms. As an extension to the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO), it aids in project planning by identifying, categorizing, quantifying and prioritizing project risks. It also detects cost estimate input anomalies and provides risk control advice in addition to conventional COCOMO cost and schedule calculation.The method has been developed in conjunction with a system dynamics model of the software development process, and serves as an intelligent front end to the simulation model. It extends previous research in the knowledge-based cost estimation domain by focusing on risk assessment, incorporating substantially more rules, going beyond standard COCOMO, performing quantitative validation, providing a user-friendly interface, and integrating it with a dynamic simulation model.Results of the validation are promising, and the method is being used at Litton Data Systems and other industrial environments. It will be undergoing further enhancement as part of an integrated capability for software engineering to assist in system acquisition, project planning and risk management.     

软件估算中锚定效应的研究

文章将认知学中锚定效应的理论和软件估算理论结合起来，研究了锚定效应在软件估算过程中的作用，通过简单实验证明了在软件估算中确实存在锚定效应，它能显著地改变估算结果。     

Comparing the top-down and bottom-up approaches of function point analysis: a case study

Function point analysis is a widely cited method for estimating software project size, which is an important activity of project management. At the beginning stage of planning, the top-down approach can be applied. Having obtained more systems specifications at later stages, the bottom-up approach might also be used to improve the accuracy of the estimation. However, the bottom-up approach is not a conventional way of function point analysis. There was no empirical evidence showing the difference between the fully informed top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Through the implementation of a function point analysis system in an in-house software development department, this paper compares the results of the two approaches. This comparison study shows that the bottom-up approach does not contribute a significant added value to a fully-informed top-down approach. Therefore, the fully-informed top down approach has been chosen as a method for building a software metric database in the organization. More important, the observations and experience gained from this project may help in-house development organizations to establish their own function point analysis systems.