三天线法环天线校准系统建立及测量结果不确定度评定

在350kHz~30MHz频段内,为了准确得到环天线所处位置的场强,环天线的天线系数需要校准。三天线法是一种校准天线系数的绝对方法,需要3个环天线,两两组对测量,且不需要任何参考标准。介绍了三天线法校准环天线的原理,基于矢量网络分析仪建立校准系统,并评定校准系统的测量结果不确定度。基于K(i,j)的计算公式复杂,很难计算出其引入的不确定度,因此采用数字电磁学代码(NEC)建模评定K(i,j)的不确定度。评定结果表明,在350kHz~30MHz频段内4个典型频点的扩展不确定度小于0.81dB(k=2)。     

环天线校准方法

本文介绍了用标准场法校准环天线的原理和方法步骤。对环天线的常用类型,天线系数定义以及电场、磁场天线系数的转换做了简介。概述了TEM cell性能指标对环天线校准的影响。     

环天线校准方法

本文介绍了用标准场法校准环天线的原理和方法步骤.对环天线的常用类型,天线系数定义以及电场、磁场天线系数的转换做了简介.概述了TEM cell性能指标对环天线校准的影响.     

利用吉赫兹横电磁波室实现电能表辐射骚扰测量

一个能进行30~1000MHz频率范围电能表辐射骚扰测量装置已在中国测试技术研究院电子所初步建成。该装置成功利用吉赫兹横电磁波小室(GTEM小室)作为测量场地与骚扰能量接收装置,其特点是占地少、造价低、使用方便,特别适用于各种单、三相电子式电能表及其他便携式仪表的测量。如采用较高频段的信号源和接收机(或频谱分析仪),该装置的频率范围可方便地扩展到2GHz甚至3GHz,能满足当前及今后相当长时期内国家标准及IEC标准对骚扰频率范围的测量要求。其测量不确定度主要受限于所使用的干扰接收机或频谱分析仪,在低频段(100MHz以下)还受限于GTEM小室接收系数AF的测量与校准。     

基于非线性扫频的频率特性校准研究

在动态频率特性测量和校准应用中,传统的线性调频信号频谱均匀分布、可设计参数单一,难以同时兼顾测量精度与测量效率。本文提出了一种基于非线性扫频方式的动态频率特性校准方法,可广泛用于传感器与仪器仪表的频率响应校准与标定。非线性扫频信号可以实现激励信号能量在频域内的非均匀分布,从而在某些重要频段内实现较高精度测量的同时,在其他频段通过牺牲一定的测量精度来保证测量速度,从而进一步优化频率特性测量的整体性能。仿真结果表明,在相同的扫频时间内,非线性扫频方法相比于线性扫频方法,能够将特定频段内的测量精度进一步提高。     

30 kHz~30 MHz电压基准研究

中国计量科学研究院研制了30 kHz~30 MHz频率范围内基于同轴热电转换器的直流—交流电压转换器,并基于该转换器建立了该频段的低频电压基准装置。理论分析与实验验证结果表明：该基准装置在30 kHz~30 MHz频率范围内,0.1~100 V量程中,不确定度为0.01%~0.1%（k=2）,填补了现有国家电压计量基准装置在1~30 MHz频段范围内的空白。     

基于TEM小室的探头校准系统不确定度评定

TEM小室是一个常用的电磁场发生装置,使用TEM小室组建场强探头校准系统,可以对射频电磁场探头进行校准。针对一套300 kHz～100 MHz频段的场强探头校准系统进行分析,以磁场探头为例,给出该频段范围内5个频点校准的不确定度评定结果。该不确定度分析过程考虑了TEM小室内空间波阻抗,以及探头与小室内标准场之间的相互作用等,对于分析电磁场探头的校准过程具有参考意义。     

特斯拉计示值误差的两种测量方法比较

以电磁铁作为磁场发生装置采用同时比较和以亥姆霍兹线圈作为标准磁场源直接测量法分别校准特斯拉计,给出两种校准方法对示值误差的影响因素和优缺点,比较两种校准方法的测量结果.     

无源器件在片散射参数校准比较方法研究

为解决由于不同校准方法导致无源器件在片散射参数测试结果存在偏差的问题,通过以校准准确度高的多线TRL校准方法为参考基准,比较SOLT、LRRM校准方法与其误差项的差异.充分考虑了两个端口误差项的级联关系,推导得到误差项差异的数学模型,通过参数转换计算得到无源器件在片散射参数的最大偏差.在100MHz～67GHz频段范围...     

NIM反射试验场电性能评估核心技术研究

评测中国计量科学研究院(NIM)新建反射试验场测试装置的准确性,需要足够准确的基准值。通过分析对比矩量法模型与实测模型,设计制作了一种小馈源偶极子天线,根据矩量法准确性与收发天线间距无关这一特性的近场法,分析了近场法在实测中的误差缩减效应,然后据此验证了基准值的准确性(在30 MHz~1 GHz频段24个典型频率点的场地插入损耗偏差小于0.22 dB,相当于天线系数误差小于0.11 dB)。在30 MHz~1 GHz频段10 m距离条件下对NIM新建测试装置的评测结果为:在24个典型频点,水平极化时偏差小于0.26 dB,垂直极化时偏差小于0.34 dB;在频率间隔1 MHz的扫频范围内,垂直极化时偏差小于0.6 dB。     

Calibration of circular loop antennas

The calibration of a measuring loop antenna means assigning an antenna factor K for each frequency in the entire measurement band. Such a loop antenna factor can be found either by calculating the impedances of the loop, or by using a well-defined standard magnetic field of a transmitting antenna. For both methods, it is necessary to obtain an accurate relation between the magnetic field and the geometrical dimensions of the loops. Generally, a manufactured loop has a complex geometric shape with complex electrical behavior so that its impedances cannot be accurately determined. The standard magnetic field method must then be used for traceability of the calibration. The necessary expressions, taking into account the dimensions of the loops with finite conductor radii including the current distribution along the loop, are given. Greene's equations are accurately calculated with mathematics software on a personal computer for the near-zone as standard average magnetic field. With the procedure presented here, the calibration is reduced to an accurate measurement of attenuation     

Improving the Frequency Characteristics of RF Standard Magnetic-Field Generator Employing Loop Antenna

In the HF and VHF region, the standard magnetic-field generator having a loop antenna has been generally used for the calibration of a radio receiver or a field-strength meter. Presented are new standard magnetic field generators which are able to produce a constant magnetic field over a wide band frequency range by means of measuring the loop current through a compensation transmission line and a compensation thermination resistor. A magnetic-field generator in which a thermistor was used as both a compensation resistor and a current sensor was constructed and examined over the frequency range 10 to 50 MHz. The measured values were agreed with theoretical values within ±0.1 dB.     

Integrated optics magnetic sensor from 2 kHz to 9 GHz

A new type of integrated optical magnetic field sensor is presented in this paper. The proposed sensor consists of a Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer and a doubly loaded loop antenna. Such a structure can successfully avoid detection of the undesired electric field signal. The size of the sensor is 35 mm×6 mm×1 mm. The measurements show that the frequency response is from 2 kHz to 9 GHz, the dynamic range is 98 dB, and the minimum detectable magnetic field is 51.8 μA/m at 1 GHz. Therefore, this sensing system can be used in electromagnetic compatibility measurements.     

Absolute Measurements for Small Loop Antennas for RF Magnetic Field Standards

A method to determine accurately the strength of magnetic fields produced by a transmitting small loop antenna for the RF field standards is presented. The field strength can be determined by the magnetic dipole moment of the loop. A loop antenna factor is introduced to express the magnetic dipole moment of a transmitting small loop antenna in terms of the incident power to the antenna input port. The emergent power from the output port of a receiving small loop antenna can also be expressed in terms of the magnetic field to be detected and of the loop antenna factor. The insertion loss method (or the three antenna method) is applied to measuring the loop antenna factor. Small loop antennas with diameters 10 cm were designed, and loop antenna factors were measured by the insertion loss method over frequencies up to 30 MHz with a systematic error of 0.08 dB.     

Electrodynamic control of wave emission in the whistler frequency range by a loop antenna in magnetized plasma

An electrodynamic control of operation of a loop antenna used for the excitation and reception of waves in the whistler frequency range is proposed. According to the proposed method, a direct current producing local perturbations of the external magnetic field is passed through the loop in addition to the alternating current with a working frequency. Operation of the antenna in the transmission and reception regimes is considered. It is shown that a local increase in the magnetic field provides an increase in the antenna radiation impedance.     

A wide-band FET antenna and its calibration

A small and very wideband dipole antenna employing FETs with a bandwidth exceeding 200 Hz to 1000 MHz was developed. The antenna factor in free space was determined by using a TEM cell and the standard antenna method with error within ±3.2%. The characteristics of the TEM cell calibration system were confirmed, and the antenna factor of the antenna was calibrated at frequencies from 100 Hz to 1300 MHz     

General formulas for calculating magnetic field at a receiving loopplaced at an arbitrary position from a radiating loop in a shielded room

The standard magnetic field radiated by a small loop antenna is used for sensitivity testing of radio receivers. To avoid interference from external sources, the test is often carried out in a shielded room. A formula to obtain the intensity of the magnetic field at the receiving loop, when a small radiating loop antenna and the receiving loop antenna are placed at random locations in a shielded room, is derived. The convergence of the formula is analyzed. Using the formula, an equation is derived which expresses the shielded room error or the effect of the room on the standard magnetic field. The correlations between the calculated values of the error and the measured results are reported     

Basic deposited integrated magnetic circuit element for fast computer circuitry

A deposited configuration, consisting of a magnetic thin film and coupling loop, was studied with a view to the future development of integrated magnetic circuitry. A line charge model, predicting flux linkages of coupling loops to an accuracy of about one percent was established. The almost complete linkage of the film flux with a deposited loop, due to the very close coupling, was verified. A decrease of about 20 percent in film flux at both ends of the easy axis was noted for the experimental assemblies used. Circulating loop currents were shown to be the chief parasitic factor which modified the switching of the magnetic film. The change in switching time due to eddy currents was small when the loop conductor size was of the same order as the magnetic film. For resistive loop loading, the average field during switching is a good measure of the slowing due to the loading. The film-loop assembly has good potentialities as a circuit element, with good transmission of both read-out and control signals occurring in the loop. The field calibration for these control signals was shown to be the same for both bias and drive field applications.