IRS和人工噪声辅助的MIMO-SWIPT系统安全传输方案设计

针对多天线无线携能通信系统中能量收集节点作为潜在窃听者的信息安全问题，提出了一种智能反射面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface, IRS)和人工噪声辅助的物理层安全传输方案。首先考虑发射功率、能量收集门限以及IRS单位模约束，以最大化系统安全速率为优化目标，在合法用户直射链路不可用的情况下，联合设计发射端波束赋形矩阵、人工噪声协方差矩阵以及IRS相移矩阵，建模一非线性多变量耦合的非凸优化问题；接着利用均方误差准则等价转换非凸目标函数，并利用连续凸逼近方法(Successive Convex Approximation, SCA)处理非凸的能量收集约束；最后基于交替优化框架，分别用拉格朗日对偶方法和基于价格机制的优化最小化(Majorization-Minimization, MM)算法求解发射端变量和IRS端变量。仿真结果表明，与现有方案相比，所提算法能够在保障能量收集需求的同时大幅度提升系统的安全性能。     

无线携能网络中一种非线性能量收集与信息传输均衡策略

在无线携能(SWIPT)网络中,节点通常采用非线性能量收集。论文首先建立了非线性能量收集模型,提出了时隙切换与静态功率分割相结合的智能协同SWIPT传输方案(CoTP),推导了该传输方案的速率-能量(R-E)域,研究了接收端存在电路功耗情况下CoTP方案的速率-能量(R-E)均衡策略。同时,论文将所提的CoTP策略与动态功率分割(DPS)、开-关功率分割(OPS)、静态功率分割(SPS)与时隙切换策略(TS)的R-E域性能进行了比较,仿真分析了噪声以及接收端电路功耗对R-E域性能的影响。数值结果表明,与其他方案相比,若不考虑电路功耗情况,所提CoTP策略在每比特收集能量为0.6 mJ~2。4 mJ时具有较高的可达速率。若考虑电路功耗情况,所提CoTP策略在每比特收集能量为0 mJ~15 mJ时具有较高的可达速率,可以实现能量收集与信息传输的均衡。      

基于携能通信的非信任双向中继网络安全传输方案

针对非信任双向中继网络的能量受限和信息安全问题,该文提出一种基于无线携能通信(SWIPT)与人工噪声辅助的物理层安全传输方案。该方案中的非信任中继采用功率分割(PS)策略辅助合法用户进行保密通信,而全双工干扰机在进行能量采集的同时发送人工噪声以确保系统安全。以最大化系统保密性能为目标,优化了中继的PS因子,推导了保密和速率的解析式及高信噪比条件下最佳PS因子的闭式解。特别针对非理想信道状态信息的情况,分析了信道估计误差对系统保密性能的影响。仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性,并证明了所提的基于PS策略的干扰机协同传输方案相比采用时间切换(TS)策略或目的节点协同干扰的方案具有更优的保密性能。     

Security enhancement with joint transmit antenna selection and transmit beamforming under energy harvesting constraints

This paper considers a multiuser multiple‐input single‐output (MISO) broadcasting system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), which consists of one information receiver (IR) and several energy harvesting receivers (ERs) which are capable of eavesdropping the legitimate signals. For reducing cost and hardware complexity, transmit antenna selection (TAS) is applied in the transmitter. We aim to maximize the achievable secrecy rate under the individual energy harvesting constraint at the ERs and the transmit power constraint at the transmitter by jointly optimizing TAS, transmit beamforming, and artificial noise (AN). The joint optimization problem is a non‐convex mixed integer programming problem. We apply variable replacements to decouple the variable couplings and relax and approach the binary constraint by the difference of two convex constraints. Afterwards, penalty method and constrained concave convex procedure (CCCP) are applied to transform the relaxed problem into a sequence of semi‐definiteness programming (SDP) problems. Simulation results shows that our proposed joint optimization scheme is superior over existing non‐joint optimization schemes. This paper studies the joint transmit antenna selection (TAS), transmit beamforming, and artificial noise (AN) optimization in a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MISO) wiretap system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The joint optimization problem is nonconvex and we propose a penalty method based scheme to solve it. The simulation results show that our joint optimization scheme is superior to other non‐joint optimization schemes.     

双智能反射平面辅助无线携能通信系统的安全通信优化

研究采用两个智能反射平面保障无线携能通信系统信息传输的物理层安全。通过联合优化两个智能反射平面的反射波束成形和基站的发射波束成形以最大化系统的总信息传输速率,同时满足基站的发射功率约束、能量收集用户的最小能量收集约束与最大窃听速率约束,以及智能反射平面反射系数的模一约束。由于存在两个智能反射平面之间的反射链路,所构建优化问题的优化变量高度耦合,难以直接求解。提出一种基于交替优化、半正定松弛和连续凸逼近的算法求问题的次优解。仿真结果表明,与现有的基准方案相比,所提算法能在保证信息传输安全和满足能量传输要求的情况下大幅提高系统的总数据速率。     

Secure resource allocation in hybrid energy-harvesting relay and full-duplex receiver

Taking into account the wireless physical layer security in energy-constrained relaying systems,a secure resource allocation scheme was proposed under simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) protocol.The utility optimization problem was considered aiming to maximize the secrecy rate by jointly optimizing the power splitting (PS) ratio and the transmit powers under the constraint of the transmit powers of the nodes and the harvested energy of the relay.The objective problem,which is non-convex,was decoupled into two subproblems.One was to optimize the PS ratio,another was to optimize the transmit powers.The optimal solution of the subproblems can be obtained in the closed-form.Then,the suboptimal solution is obtained with the proposed convergent iterative algorithm.Simulation results show the effects of artificial noise signal,residual self-interference signal,transmit power of nodes,amplification factor of relay and other factors on the security performance.Compared with the traditional gradient descent algorithm,the proposed algorithm can reduce more than 80% of the computational load,while the algorithm has the slightly better performance.     

Chaotic sequence based polar code encrypted scheme in negative secrecy capacity case

A chaos based encrypted polar coding scheme,which could be applied to the negative secrecy capacity case,was proposed.Chaotic sequences were employed to encrypt the information bits and fill the frozen bits.And multi-block polar coding structure was also employed in the proposed scheme.The proposed scheme was featured as lower complexity and higher secrecy transmission rate.Corresponding mathematical analysis had been performed in terms of the error probability,security and transmission rate.The result reveals that the proposed scheme can achieve reliability,security in negative secrecy capacity case.What’s more,it has relatively low complexity and high secrecy transmission rate compared with the existing schemes.     

窃听CSI未知场景下基于可重构智能表面的物理层安全传输方案

近些年来,人们一直在开发可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS),它是一种由许多无源反射器组成的低成本结构,可以自由地改变每个元素的反射系数,并重新配置无线传输环境以改变入射信号的传播。由于具有若干新型和独特的优势,RIS应用场景广泛,关于其在物理层安全中应用的研究蓬勃发展。与此同时,物理层安全研究中窃听者的信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)一直是人们讨论的热点,实际通信场景中窃听CSI通常是不易获取或未知的。因此本文考虑了一个更接近现实的情况,即针对窃听CSI未知的场景,考虑存在一个合法接收者以及多个非法窃听者,从功率分配的角度出发,结合波束成形,设计一种多RIS辅助的人工噪声与功率分配方案,通过对基站波束成形矩阵和RIS反射系数的交替优化,并应用二分法,使得在合法接收用户信号质量不变的前提下,降低基站处发送保密信息至合法用户所需的功率,降低其接收信号的信干噪比,进而提高系统的保密容量。同时考虑到了多个RIS协作辅助保密通信不一定最优,并可能增加系统优化的复杂度,设计了多个RIS的选择方案,...     

无线携能网络中一种基于时隙切换的中继辅助信能同传协议

针对网络终端设备低能耗和网络环境延长生命周期的需求,无线信息与能量协同传输技术已成为当前无线通信领域中新的绿色传输技术之一。论文以绿色无线携能（SWIPT）网络为研究背景,引入具有能量收集功能的SWIPT中继,给出了SWIPT网络中基于时隙切换（TS）的中继辅助信息与能量同传的场景与数学模型。论文设计了基于TS的中继辅助信能同传协议与SWIPT中继接收机结构,分析了系统中断性能（OP）与能效性能（EE）,给出了时隙切换因子对OP与EE的影响。数值仿真结果表明,为兼顾SWIPT网络中的中断和能效,源节点应以最优功率发送信号,以实现绿色SWIPT网络信息传输与能量收集均衡。      

智能反射表面辅助无线能量传输的保密率最大化算法

为了减少窃听者对合法接收者的信息接收影响和窃听者的有用信息接收量,该文研究利用智能反射表面(IRS)来实现无线供电通信网络(WPCN) 中窃听端处的波束抵消。首先在传输能量的同时进行窃听检测,IRS根据合法用户的能量状态选择是否采取防窃听模式,然后在存在窃听的情况下,研究了窃听信道完美和不完美状态下系统的保密率最大化问题。分析表明,这一最大化问题是相移、功率分配、时间分配的多变量耦合非凸问题,可以采用分步优化、变量替换和S-Lemma等方法进行求解。仿真结果表明,与基准算法相比,所提算法提升了保密率,当智能反射表面元件数为80时保密率提升了44%,发射功率为40 dBm时保密率提升了34%。     

Simultaneous Information and Power Transfer for Multi‐antenna Primary‐Secondary Cooperation in Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, cognitive radio and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) are effectively combined to design a spectrum‐efficient and energy‐efficient transmission paradigm. Specifically, a novel SWIPT‐based primary‐secondary cooperation model is proposed to increase the transmission rate of energy/spectrum constrained users. In the proposed model, a multi‐antenna secondary user conducts simultaneous energy harvesting and information forwarding by means of power splitting (PS), and tries to maximize its own transmission rate under the premise of successfully assisting the data delivery of the primary user. After the problem formulation, joint power splitting and beamforming optimization algorithms for decode‐and‐forward and amplify‐and‐forward modes are presented, in which we obtain the optimal PS factor and beamforming vectors using a golden search method and dual methods. Simulation results show that the proposed SWIPTbased primary‐secondary cooperation schemes can obtain a much higher level of performance than that of non‐SWIPT cooperation and non‐cooperation schemes.     

携能网络中保障能效的缓存队列中继选择与能量分配方案

在无线携能（SWIPT）网络中,带有缓存队列的一对半双工SWIPT中继可以在一个时隙内完成信息同时收发,实现虚拟全双工通信。针对SWIPT虚拟全双工网络的资源分配问题,该文研究了缓存队列机制的最佳SWIPT中继选择与子载波能量分配方案。首先建立数学模型,参考注水因子辅助搜索算法,以最大化能效为目标,在满足能量、信息传输速率、最佳接收中继干扰等多个约束条件下,通过求解优化问题选择SWIPT最佳转发中继,同时得到最佳转发中继的子载波能量分配最优解。仿真结果表明,与最大化端到端可达速率为目标的联合资源分配算法相比,所提方案考虑了SWIPT网络中继间干扰。且当源端发送功率较大时,所提方案可以获得较高的能效。      

Improving physical layer security via cooperative diversity in energy‐constrained cognitive radio networks with multiple eavesdroppers

In this paper, a scheme that exploits cooperative diversity of multiple relays to provide physical layer security against an eavesdropping attack is concerned. Relay‐based cognitive radio network (CRN) faces issues multiple issues other than the same as faced by conventional wireless communications. If the nodes in a CRN are able to harvest energy and then spend less energy than the total energy available, we can ensure a perpetual lifetime for the network. In this paper, an energy‐constrained CRN is considered where relay nodes are able to harvest energy. A cooperative diversity‐based relay and subchannel‐selection algorithm is proposed, which selects a relay and a subchannel to achieve the maximum secrecy rate while keeping the energy consumed under a certain limit. A transmission power factor is also selected by the algorithm, which ensures long‐term operation of the network. The power allocation problem at the selected relay and at the source also satisfies the maximum‐interference constraint with the primary user (PU). The proposed scheme is compared with a variant of the proposed scheme where the relays are assumed to have an infinite battery capacity (so maximum transmission power is available in every time slot) and is compared with a scheme that uses jamming for physical layer security. The simulation results show that the infinite battery‐capacity scheme outperforms the jamming‐based physical layer security scheme, thus validating that cooperative diversity‐based schemes are suitable to use when channel conditions are better employed, instead of jamming for physical layer security.     

Optimization of wireless information and power transfer in multiuser OFDM systems

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), which belongs to energy harvesting techniques, is an important research topic. In existing literature, two SWIPT schemes, namely the time switching (TS) scheme and the power splitting (PS) scheme are adopted. For multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple (OFDM) systems, this paper proposes a new SWIPT scheme named as the subcarrier sharing (SS) scheme. Resource allocation algorithms for the SS scheme are then proposed for maximizing the sum rate under the minimum harvested energy constraint. We show that the SS scheme outperforms the existing TS and the PS schemes.     

窃听者随机分布下智能反射面辅助的MISO系统物理层安全性能分析

针对窃听节点随机分布的MISO系统通信场景,该文分析了智能反射面(IRS)辅助下的安全通信性能。采用随机几何理论,将窃听节点建模为均匀泊松点过程(PPP)。合法发送节点采用天线选择策略,选择最优链路发射信号,并部署智能反射面实时调控反射相移增强链路质量,然后以传输安全中断概率为性能指标,推导了其闭式表达式,分析了反射单元数量、发射天线数量等参数对中断概率的影响,最后给出了最大化安全性能的参数选择策略。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,并表明部署反射面可以在低能耗下提升安全性能。     

非理想信道下基于人工噪声的密集异构蜂窝网安全传输方案

针对密集异构蜂窝网在非理想信道状态信息条件下的安全传输问题,该文分析了人工噪声对通信的可靠性和安全性的影响,在此基础上提出功率分配优化模型,在不同信道估计精度条件下给出了最优的功率分配因子。首先,考虑信道估计误差对合法信号传输以及人工噪声泄露的影响,推导了典型通信链路的连通中断概率和安全中断概率。然后,在安全性和可靠性约束条件下建立功率分配优化模型以最大化系统安全吞吐量,并通过K维联合搜索算法得到每层网络的最优功率分配因子。最后,仿真结果表明系统设置最优功率分配因子时,人工噪声方案可提升约15%的安全吞吐量。     

认知无线电非正交多址接入随机网络物理层安全性能分析

该文针对干扰源以及窃听节点均随机分布的通信场景,分析了认知无线电启发式非正交多址接入(CR-NOMA)网络中次用户通信对的安全通信性能。采用随机几何理论,将窃听节点和干扰节点建模为服从特定分布的齐次泊松点过程(PPP)。首先,在保证主用户通信对通信可靠性的前提下,得到了发端设定的功率分配系数,进一步得到了次用户通信对的连接中断概率和安全中断概率的闭式表达式。随后,得到了功率分配系数随主用户可靠性能约束的变化规律。最后,研究了次用户对的中断概率随着窃听节点密度、发端发送功率的变化情况,结果表明干扰信号的增强在降低网络可靠性能的同时,换来了安全性能的提高。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Power allocation-Assisted secrecy analysis for NOMA enabled cooperative network under multiple eavesdroppers

In this work, the secrecy of a typical wireless cooperative dual-hop non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-enabled decode-and-forward (DF) relay network is investigated with the impact of collaborative and non-collaborative eavesdropping. The system model consists of a source that broadcasts the multiplexed signal to two NOMA users via a DF relay, and information security against the eavesdropper nodes is provided by a helpful jammer. The performance metric is secrecy rate and ergodic secrecy capacity is approximated analytically. In addition, a differential evolution algorithm-based power allocation scheme is proposed to find the optimal power allocation factors for relay, jammer, and NOMA users by employing different jamming schemes. Furthermore, the secrecy rate analysis is validated at the NOMA users by adopting different jamming schemes such as without jamming (WJ) or conventional relaying, jamming (J), and with control jamming (CJ). Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of CJ over the J and WJ schemes. Finally, the proposed power allocation outperforms the fixed power allocation under all conditions considered in this work.     

Cooperative Privacy Provisioning for Energy Harvesting Based Cognitive Multi-Relay Networks

In order to provide privacy provisioning for the secondary information,we propose an energy harvesting based secure transmission scheme for the cognitive multi-relay networks.In the proposed scheme,two secondary relays harvest energy to power the secondary transmitter and assist the secondary secure transmission without interfere the secondary transmission.Specifically,the proposed secure transmission policy is implemented into two phases.In the first phase,the secondary transmitter transmits the secrecy information and jamming signal through the power split method.After harvesting energy from a fraction of received radio-frequency signals,one secondary relay adopts the amplify-and-forward relay protocol to assist the secondary secure transmission and the other secondary relay just forwards the new designed jamming signal to protect the secondary privacy information and degrade the jamming interference at the secondary receiver.For the proposed scheme,we first analyze the average secrecy rate,the secondary secrecy outage probability,and the ergodic secrecy rate,and derive their closed-form expressions.Following the above results,we optimally allocate the transmission power such that the secrecy rate is maximized under the secrecy outage probability constraint.For the optimization problem,an AI based simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to allocate the transmit power.Numerical results are presented to validate the performance analytical results and show the performance superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of the average secrecy rate.     

Terminal battery status information based fairness-aware SWIPT strategy

To solve the battery depletion problem,the terminals’ battery status information (BSI) was proposed to be taken into consideration in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) strategies,and a SWIPT strategy to guarantee the rate fairness was provided.BSI determined the terminals’ sufferable received rate and harvested energy.The proposed scheme was formulated as an optimization problem to max-min user rate,with rate/energy requirement constraints and the sufferable rate/energy constraints.To solve optimization problem,the receivers were firstly classified with their battery level,then the optimal solutions were obtained by the proposed iteration optimization-based algorithm.With the proposed scheme,the transmit power and the power splitting factor would be controlled and the data rate at receivers,especially the receivers that with lower battery level would be restricted,avoiding the required battery consumption to exceed battery level.Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can prolong battery lifetime and avoid the battery depletion problem,and its fairness performance is strengthened with the difference decreasing among the receivers’ battery level.