硫代硫酸钠脱除氨基酸铜络合物中铜的研究

报道了用硫代硫酸钠脱去侧链保护氨基酸铜络合物中铜离子的新方法,该方法适用于合成Nδ-苄氧羰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-叔丁氧羰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-芴甲氧羰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-乙酰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-邻苯二甲酰基鸟氨酸、Nε-苄氧羰基赖氨酸、Nε-叔丁氧羰基赖氨酸、Nε-芴甲氧羰基赖氨酸、Nε-乙酰基赖氨酸、Nε-邻苯二甲酰基赖氨酸、γ-苄基谷氨酸、β-苄基天门冬氨酸.产物用元素分析法与1H NMR法进行了表征.探讨了反应温度、时间、投料比例、溶剂对脱铜反应的影响.实验结果表明,以硫代硫酸钠作为脱铜试剂,侧链保护氨基酸铜络合物与硫代硫酸钠的物质的量比为1∶1或1∶2,60℃反应1.5～2.0h,收率与产物纯度均较高.该方法简便、高效、环境友好.     

选择性聚乙二醇化赖氨酸的合成

以单甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)和Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH(1)为主要原料,经过羧基苄酯化、侧链Boc脱除、ε-氨基丁二酸酐修饰得到功能化的赖氨酸化合物N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-(γ-氧代丁酸)-L-赖氨酸苄酯(4);1和4分别与mPEG在偶联剂D IC/HOB t的作用下联接,最终分别实现了赖氨酸主链和侧链的mPEG定点修饰,合成了新型的N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-(γ-氧代丁酸聚乙二醇酯)-L-赖氨酸苄酯(5,总收率52.6%)和N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-N-α-芴甲氧羰基-L-赖氨酸聚乙二醇酯(6,收率93.7%),其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

基于短肽自组装与共组装的纳米纤维人工水解酶

将水解酶活性中心催化三联体氨基酸(His/Ser/Asp)引入9-芴亚甲氧羰基苯丙氨酸二肽(Fmoc-FF)双亲短肽序列中,利用短肽的自组装性能,构建了具有对硝基苯酚乙酸酯水解活性的超分子纳米纤维人工水解酶.研究结果表明,形成规则的纳米纤维结构是获得催化活性的必要条件.9-芴亚甲氧羰基(Fmoc)基团间的弱相互作用促使β-折叠二级结构的形成.通过对比天然水解酶的米氏动力学方程、最适催化温度及p H结果可知,所制备的超分子纳米纤维人工水解酶具有与天然酶相似的酶学性质.金属离子Ca2+和Ba2+对人工水解酶活性具有激活作用,而Mg2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Cu2+和Zn2+则抑制酶活性.     

痕量氨基糖和中性单糖的高效毛细管电泳及液相色谱分析

由于糖缀合物具有较弱的紫外吸收,采用了一种与单糖有高反应活性的新型紫外、荧光衍生试剂芴甲氧羰基肼（ＦＭＯＣ－Ｈｙｄｒａｚｉｎｅ）和芴甲氧羰基氯（ＦＭＯＣ－ｃｌ）对单糖进行衍生。利用高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰｃＥ）和液相色谱技术对衍生产物进行了分析。结果表明：以上衍生试剂可用于ｆｍｏｌ级单糖的测定。对单糖的ＨＰＣＥ分离因素进行了详细讨论。     

天冬酰胺丙酮叉在多肽合成中的应用

L-天冬酰胺(Asn)与丙酮在KOH的甲醇溶液中反应得到具有丙酮叉结构的环化天冬酰胺[cAsn(acetone)]。该化合物在缩合剂1-乙基-3-(3′-二甲氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC I)和1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOB t)存在下,与芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)保护的酪氨酸(Fmoc-Tyr(B zl)-OH)、苯丙氨酸(Fmoc-Phe-OH)和丙氨酸(Fmoc-A la-OH)在二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中反应得到新的二肽Fmoc-Tyr(B zl)-cAsn(acetone)-OH、Fmoc-Phe-cAsn(acetone)-OH和Fmoc-A la-cAsn(acetone)-OH,收率分别为35%、30%和30%。其中Fmoc-Tyr(B zl)-cAsn(acetone)-OH与苯丙氨酸二肽酰胺(H-Phe-Phe-NH2)在相同的缩合条件下反应生成四肽Fmoc-Tyr(B zl)-cAsn(acetone)-Phe-Phe-NH2,收率为70%。乙酸中Pd-C催化加氢可同时脱去酪氨酸残基上的芴甲氧羰基和苄基(B zl)保护基,首次得到内吗啡肽-2(endomorph in-2,H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2)的环化天冬酰胺类似物H-Tyr-cAsn(acetone)-Phe-Phe-NH2,收率为60%。应用核磁共振、红外、质谱和高分辨质谱测试技术对目标产物和中间体的结构进行了表征。小鼠醋酸扭体法对类似物的镇痛活性进行了初步的研究。结果表明,当剂量为2.4×10-5g/Kg时,镇痛抑制率为45%。     

2,3,4,5-四取代-顺-2,3-二氢呋喃立体选择性合成方法的研究

研究了3种合成2甲氧羰基3芳基4乙酰基5甲基顺2,3二氢呋喃(7)的方法.方法1:用甲氧羰基亚甲基三苯基胂(5)与3(取代苯甲叉)2,4戊二酮(6)反应;方法2:用溴化甲氧羰基甲基三苯基胂(4)在碳酸钾存在下与戊二酮6反应;方法3(分步一锅法):三苯基胂(2)与溴代乙酸甲酯(3)加热反应,生成的产物不经分离,冷却至室温,加入碳酸钾和6继续反应.     

N-Boc-APT合成及其自组装修饰金电极电化学行为

以L 苯丙氨酸为原料经还原反应得到氨基醇,再用Boc基团对中间体进行氨基保护得到(S) 3 苯基 2 叔丁氧羰基氨基 1 丙醇,甲磺酰化后与硫代乙酸钾在DMF中反应得到(S) 3 苯基 2 叔丁氧羰基氨基 1 丙硫醇乙酸酯,再脱除乙酰基后得到目标产物(S) 3 苯基 2 叔丁氧羰基氨基 1 丙硫醇(N Boc APT).分别应用红外光谱、核磁共振对中间体和目标化合物进行表征.同时,利用自组装技术将N Boc APT修饰于金电极表面,并测定其相关的电化学性能;此外,还将金纳米粒子组装在上述修饰电极上,并研究亚甲基蓝于该修饰电极的电化学行为.结果表明,金纳米粒子对该电极过程具有促进作用.     

反相高效液相色谱/电喷雾质谱法分析化学合成七肽粗产物

利用RP—HPLC／ESI—MS直接分析用芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)固相多肽合成方法在PHB树脂上偶联合成的一个七肽(H2N—Tyr—Val—Asn-Thr-Asn—Met—Gly—COOH,Mr797．3)粗产物。RP—HPLC显示合成粗产物含有1个主成分,4个次要成分和多个微量成分;与之联用的电喷雾质谱则同步准确地测定出各成分的分子量(m／z)并自动对各主要成分的化学结构进行了串联质谱分析。结果证明,粗产物中的主成分即为目标七肽,另外几个主要副产物为七肽的氧化产物或残缺肽。     

Fmoc-DOPA(acetonide)-OH的简单高效合成

受贻贝粘附蛋白启发而产生的3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(DOPA)衍生物引起了人们对生物材料和医疗器械的功能化涂层产生广泛兴趣.芴甲氧羰酰基-3,4-二羟基缩丙酮-L-苯丙氨酸[Fmoc-DOPA(acetonide)-OH]是贻贝粘附蛋白和多肽的固相合成关键原料.然而,现有的Fmoc-DOPA(acetonide)-OH的合成方法步骤繁琐、成本高,使其实际应用受到极大阻碍.本工作报道的两步法策略制备Fmoc-DOPA(acetonide)-OH,是一种简单且经济高效的合成方法,具有广阔的应用前景.     

甲状旁腺素1-34肽的固相合成

以Wang树脂为固相载体,改进Fmoc(芴甲氧羰基)/tBu法,采用HPLC二次纯化,合成了甲状旁腺素1-34肽,产率23.3%,纯度大于99%(HPLC)。     

Intermolecular coupling in nanometric domains of light-harvesting dendrimer films studied by photoluminescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (PL NSOM)

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has been used to investigate the photophysical characteristics of first- to fourth-generation (G1 to G4) light-harvesting dendrimer thin films containing coumarin-343 and coumarin-2 as the core and peripheral chromophores, respectively. Thin film photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit a significant red shift in the lower generations (G1, G2, and G3) as compared to their respective solution PL spectra, implying the formation of excimers. Spatially resolved PL NSOM images exhibit pronounced nanoscopic domains in G1, which become more homogeneous in higher generations due to site-isolation of the core chromophore. G4 exhibits complete site-isolation for these light-harvesting dendrimer films.     

Synthesis of spherical and hemispherical sugar‐containing poly(ornithine) dendrimers

A novel sugar‐containing poly(ornithine) dendrimer is synthesized for possible antigen delivery and related applications. The dendrimer contains an ornithine dendron as interior scaffolding and oligosaccharides on the periphery, which provide an attachment site for a peptide antigen. Maltose or lactose is bound to both hemispherical and spherical poly(ornithine) dendrimer generation 3 (G3) by reductive amination between its reducing end and the peripheral amino group of the dendrimer using a borane‐pyridine complex in a buffer solution at 50 °C. The degree of substitution of sugar is changed by varying the molar ratio of sugar to dendrimer. When the surface of spherical poly(ornithine) dendrimer G3 is modified by binding β‐alanine to the 16 amino groups, highly substituted maltose‐ or lactose‐β‐alanine‐poly(ornithine) dendrimer G3 is obtained in high yield after 7 days of reaction. The structures of these sugar‐containing dendrimers are characterized by NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analyses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1400–1414, 2004     

Monte Carlo simulations of charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes and explicit counterions

We study complexes composed of one dendrimer of generation G = 4 (G4 dendrimer) with N(t) = 32 charged terminal groups and an oppositely charged linear polyelectrolyte accompanied by neutralizing counterions in an athermal solvent using Monte Carlo simulations based on the bond fluctuation model. In our study both the full Coulomb potential and the excluded volume interactions are taken into account explicitly with the reduced temperature τ and the chain length N(ch) as the main simulation parameters. Our calculations indicate that there exist three temperature ranges that determine the behavior of such complexes. At τ(complex) stable charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes are formed first, which are subsequently accompanied by selective counterion localization within the complex interior at τ(loc) ≤ τ(complex), and counterion condensation as temperature is further decreased below τ(cond) < τ(loc). In particular, we observe that condensation takes place exclusively on the excess charges in the complex and thus no condensation is observed at the compensation point (N(ch) = N(t)), irrespective of τ. For N(ch) ≠ N(t) the complex is overally charged. Furthermore, we discuss the size and structure of the dendrimer and the linear polyelectrolyte within the complex, as well as spatial distributions of monomers and counterions. Conformations of the chain in the bound state are analysed in terms of loops, trains, and tails.     

Cu2+对联苯甲醛修饰的树状大分子聚酰胺-胺荧光性能的影响

采用小分子联苯甲醛(BPA)分别修饰第一和第二代树状大分子聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM), 合成了2种PAMAM的修饰产物G1-BPA4和G1-BPA8. 利用IR, 1H NMR及MALDI-TOF MS等手段表征了2种产物的结构, 研究了Cu2+浓度对其荧光性能的影响. 结果表明, 在一定的浓度范围内, 作为常见荧光猝灭剂的Cu2+能使2种产物的荧光均显著增强.     

Syntheses of polyamidoamine dendrimers starting from a hexadimensional core and application in gene transfer

Gene therapy refers to the concept and practice of applying gene to treat diseases. It may be defined as a method for inserting a functioning gene into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism (i.e. genetic abnormality or birth defect) or to provide a new function in a cell. There are numerous diseases that may be treated by gene therapy including genetic defects, com-mon illnesses such as cancer, AIDS and chronic diseases such as diabetes[1]. A gene medicine sys-tem c…     

二代树状碳硅烷液晶研究I.端基含36个丁氧基偶氮苯介晶基元

用发散法合成周边含36个丁氧基偶氮苯介晶基元（M5）端基新的二代树状碳硅 烷液晶（D_2），并用元素分析，氢谱，激光质谱，红外，紫外，偏光显微镜，DSC和WAXD法表 征D2为向列相，与M5相同，二代树状物相态由介晶基定．D2液晶态相行为是 K85N107I103N69K，其熔点比M5降低27-41℃，清亮点比M5降低17-18宽10-23℃．二 代碳硅烷（D2）与一代碳硅烷（D1）相比熔点增加2-3℃，清亮点降低26-29℃，液 晶态温区减少℃．在二代树状物中观察到S＝＋3／2的高强向错．     

Assembly and mechanical properties of phosphorus dendrimer/polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules

We report the preparation, characterization, and mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte/phosphorus dendrimer multilayer microcapsules. The shells of these microcapsules are composed either by alternating poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and positively charged dendrimer G4(NH+Et2Cl-)96 or by alternating poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and negatively charged dendrimer G4(CH-COO-Na+)96. The same multilayers were constructed on planar support to examine their layer-by-layer growth and to measure the multilayer thickness. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) showed regular linear growth of the assembly upon each bilayer deposited. We probe the mechanical properties of these polyelectrolyte/dendrimer microcapsules by measuring force-deformation curves with the atomic force microscope (AFM). The experiment suggests that they are much softer than PSS/PAH microcapsules studied before. This softening is attributed to an enhanced permeability of the polyelectrolyte/dendrimer multilayer shells as compared with multilayers formed by linear polyelectrolytes. In contrast, Young's modulus of both dendrimer-based multilayers was found to be on the same order as that of PSS/PAH multilayers.     

Direct force measurements between adlayers consisting of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with primary amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups

Adsorption of poly(amidoamine) generation 3 (PAMAM G3) dendrimer with surface amino groups or PAMAM G0 dendrimer with quaternary ammonium groups (C8qbG0) onto glass has been studied by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. The adlayer-adlayer interactions for these adsorbates are quite different despite the fact that they are almost equal in the hydrodynamic radius. In aqueous PAMAM G3 dendrimer solutions the electrostatic repulsion is predominant. The conformation of the adsorbed layer is flat and the protrusion of the individual dendrimers is negligible. On the other hand, C8qbG0 behaves as a surfactant and the layered structure of C8qbG0 is expected to be a patchy bilayer. Dispersion stability of silica suspensions with the adsorption of these dendrimers can be correlated with the force data obtained.     

Facile synthesis of aryl ether dendrimer from unprotected AB2 building blocks using thionyl chloride as an activating agent

[structure: see text] A novel, rapid, inexpensive, and highly efficient convergent approach for the synthesis of a Fréchet- type aryl ether dendrimer using thionyl chloride has been developed. In this method, the purification of each dendron and a dendrimer occurs by recrystallization, extraction, and precipitation. The MALDI-TOF MS spectrum supported the formation of the G2, G3, and G4 dendrons and the star-shaped G4 dendrimer.     

Electrostatic core shielding in dendritic polyglutamic porphyrins

Polyglutamic dendritic porphyrins of the general formula H2PophGlu(N)OR (H2Porph = free-base meso-tetra-4-carboxyphenylporphyrin (H2TCPP), Glu=dendrimer layer composed of L-glutamates, N= 1-3: dendrimer generation number, R = terminal group (All, H)) were synthesized and characterized with NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The free-acid terminated compounds were found to be highly soluble in water, with both their absorption and fluorescence spectra dependent on pH. The value of the porphyrin mono-protonation constant, measured by fluorescence rationing, increased monotonously in the studied series of dendrimers (pK3=6.31. 6.70, and 6.98, for N=1, 2, 3, respectively). For the largest dendrimer, H2PorphGlu(3)OH, pK3 was found shifted by almost two pH units relative to the non-modified H2Porph. The second protonation constant (K4) was much less affected by the dendritic substituents. At pH values less than 3.5 there were noticeable changes in fluorescence intensity and quantum yield even for the highly soluble H2PorphGlu(3)OH. This suggests that interactions between individual dendritic molecules in solution are favored by full protonation of the peripheral glutamic carboxyls. The "dendrimer-protected" porphyrins are convenient fluorescent pH sensors in the biological pH range.