血清白蛋白水平对腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的影响

目的 研究血清白蛋白水平对腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的影响.方法 54例腹膜透析患者以血清白蛋白35 g/L为界,血清白蛋白≥35 g/L为A组,血清白蛋白<35 g/L为B组,测定血清白蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮,白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因α,留取24 h尿量及腹透液、记录总量并检测尿素氮、肌酐;残余肾功能等.随访过程中观察以上指标和残余.肾功能(RRF).结果 B组中糖尿病肾病患者的比例高于A组,相关分析结果显示血清白蛋白水平与炎症介质白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因α水平呈负相关(r分别=-0.48、-0.64,P均<0.05),随着透析时间的延长两组患者RRF均下降,而B组RRF自腹膜透析6个月时即开始下降,与透析初月比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),12个月时A组RRF与透析初月时比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A、B组RRF比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).相关分析结果显示残余肾功能下降绝对值(△RRF)与血清白蛋白水平呈负相关(r=-0.31,P<0.05),与白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因α水平呈正相关(r分别=0.45、0.58,P均<0.01).结论 营养不良导致低水平的血清白蛋白是促进腹膜透析患者残余肾功能下降的因素之一,高水平的炎症介质也加速了残余肾功能的恶化.     

残余肾功能对腹膜透析患者营养状况影响的临床研究

目的：前瞻性观察长期持续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患的营养状况,探讨残余肾功能对营养状况的影响。方法：采用常规处方透析,留取尿液、腹透液,并抽血检测生化、血脂及蛋白营养指标,计算残余肾功能（RRF）、KT／V值、肌酐清除率（Ccr)、单位透析剂量（PV／S）及蛋白质分解率（PCR）,评估每日蛋白质摄入量（DPI)。结果：RRF与KT／V、Ccr及残余尿量呈正相关,（分别r=0.56、0．83及0．80）,与透析时间、透析超滤量呈负相关（分别r=-0.41、0．33）,与PV／S无关。A组（RRF＜3ml/min)患Ccr、KT／V及血浆前白蛋白（PA）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、转铁蛋白（Tf)明显低于B组（RRF≥3ml/min),但PCR高于B组。然而,A、B两组间Alb、TG及TC却无明显差别。结论：RRF与腹膜透析充分性密切相关,并影响腹透患的营养状况,根据RRF下降程度及时调整透析剂量及方案,是预防CAPD患营养不良发生的最主要手段。     

肾衰合剂对维持性腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的影响

目的：观察肾衰舍剂对连续不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者残余肾功能的影响，探讨中药治疗对CAPD患者残余肾功能的保护作用及其机制。方法：将56例脾肾气（阳）虚型的CAPD患者随机分为常规腹膜透析对照组，及加服中药肾衰合剂治疗组。治疗6个月，比较残余肾KT／V、残余肾CCr的变化及下降速率。结果：在维持总体透析效能的前提下，治疗组残余肾KT／V、残余肾CCr下降速度较对照组明显缓慢。结论：肾衰合荆能有效延缓PD患者的RRF的下降。     

替米沙坦联合尿毒清对腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的影响

目的：探讨替米沙坦联合尿毒清颗粒在延缓腹膜透析患者残余肾功能（RRF）丢失的作用.方法：将入选的75例病情稳定的维持性腹膜透析患者随机分为替米沙坦联合尿毒清治疗组、替米沙坦组和对照组.定期检测3组的RRF、高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、Kt/V、肌酐清除率（Ccr）、血钾,并记录尿量、血压情况.结果：研究结束时,3组患者RRF、尿量均显著下降,联合用药组较对照组及替米沙坦组RRF丢失延缓,尿量保持更好（P〈0.05）,且联合用药组较对照组及替米沙坦组hsCRP显著下降（P〈0.05）.结论：替米沙坦联合尿毒清颗粒能更好地延缓腹膜透析患者RRF的丢失,并改善其微炎症状态.     

残余肾功能及血液透析方式对肾衰竭患者血清中β2-微球蛋白水平的影响分析

目的：观察不同残余肾功能状态及不同血液透析方式对维持性血液透析患者β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）血清浓度的影响。方法：将维持性血液透析患者60例,按透析方式分为血液透析（HD）组和血液透析滤过（HDF）组,检测透析前后血清β2-MG值,比较组内透析前后的差异及透前组间的差异;按透析间歇期平均尿量以300 ml/24 h为界,分为残余肾功能（RRF）阳性组和RRF阴性组,比较组间β2-MG的血清浓度的差异。结果：HDF组透前β2-MG浓度为（10.4±2.98）μg/ml,透后为（7.6±1.78）μg/ml,前后对比,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;HD组透前β2-MG为（11.8±2.49）μg/ml,透析后为（10.1±3.14）,透析前后比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,两组透析前比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。RRF阳性组β2-MG浓度（9.78±3.4）μg/ml,RRF阴性组β2-MG浓度（12.27±2.7）μg/ml,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：血液透析对β2-MG的清除差,血液透析滤过对β2-MG的清除效果良好,但是透析前HDF患者血清β2-MG水平与HD患者无统计学差异,可能与行HDF治疗的时间不足有关。残余肾功能不同对透析患者β2-MG的血清水平差异明显,提示残余肾可有效清除β2-MG,残余肾的作用是任何透析方式均无法完全替代的。     

维持性血液透析和维持性腹膜透析患者脂代谢特征及其与营养状况关系的临床研究

目的：比较维持性血液透析（MHD）和维持性腹膜透析（CAPD）患者脂代谢紊乱的异同,探讨各自脂代谢紊乱的特征及其与营养状况的关系。方法：选取2009年7月～2009年10月门诊行MHD的124例患者和行CAPD的65例患者为研究对象。观察指标包括：（1）脂代谢指标：包括胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、载脂蛋白A（Apo-A）和载脂蛋白B（Apo-B）;（2）营养指标：包括营养不良炎症评分（MIS）、肱三头肌皮褶厚度（TSF）、中臂围（MAC）、中臂肌围（AMC）和血清白蛋白（Alb）。结果：（1）MHD患者高TG的发生率为25%,低HDL和低Apo-A发生率分别为72.58%和67%;CAPD组高TC、TG、LDL发生率分别为32.31%、38.46%和35.38%,低LDL、HDL和Apo-A发生率分别为43.08%、73.85%和55.38%;（2）CAPD组的TC、TG、LDL和Apo-A均高于MHD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）MHD组MIS低于CAPD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;MHD组MAC、MAMC和Alb高于CAPD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组间TSF差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（4）MHD组TG、HDL和Apo-A与MIS显著负相关（P〈0.05）,与Alb和HDL显著正相关（P〈0.05）。PD组脂代谢指标与MIS和Alb等营养指标无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：脂代谢紊乱是MHD和CAPD患者常见的并发症。MHD患者脂代谢紊乱的特征是高TG、低HDL和低Apo-A,而高TC却不常见。CAPD患者脂代谢紊乱特征是高TC、高TG和高LDL并存,低LDL、低HDL和低Apo-A并存。CAPD患者脂代谢紊乱和营养不良较MHD患者严重。TG、HDL和Apo-A是可用来评价MHD患者营养状况的指标,而脂代谢指标不能放映PD患者的营养状况。     

不同腹膜通透性对CAPD患者左心室结构的影响

目的：探讨不同腹膜通透性对持续不卧床腹膜透析患者左心室结构的影响。方法：收集2013年~2014年间在山西医科大学第一医院维持性腹膜透析患者45例,根据腹膜平衡试验（PET）分为两组：腹膜高通透性组和腹膜低通透性组。随访1年,监测患者生化指标、KT/V,采用心脏超声测量室间隔厚度（IVST）、左心室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、左心室舒张末内径（LVDd）,并根据Reichek公式计算左心室心肌重量指数（LVMI）,最后进行统计学分析。结果：（1）腹膜透析患者随访12月后LVMI与CRP及腹膜通透性呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与Hb、Alb、RRF、KT/V呈负相关（P〈0.05）;（2）与腹膜低通透性的患者比较,腹膜高通透性的患者血红蛋白、白蛋白、RRF、KT/V明显降低（P〈0.05）,CRP、LVMI明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论：高通透性的腹膜透析患者LVMI高于低通透性的腹膜透析患者,可能与营养不良、微炎症、透析不充分、残余肾功能下降有关系,提示我们应该对腹膜高通透性患者进行早期干预。     

血液透析与腹膜透析对终末期肾衰竭患者脂质影响的调查与分析

目的：调查血液透析和腹膜透析对终末期肾衰竭患者脂质代谢的影响。方法：采用回顾性分析的方法调查尿毒症患者共96例,腹透及血透各48例,比较其各自透析前后脂质改变及透析后两组脂质改变有无差异。结果：（1）腹透治疗组三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）较透析前明显升高（P〈0.01）,总胆固醇（TC）较透析前升高（P〈0.05）,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）较透析前降低（P〈0.05）,LP（a）较透析前无统计学差异;（2）血透组LDL、TG、LP（a）较透析前明显升高（P〈0.05）,HDL较透析前降低无统计学意义;（3）腹透组与血透组血脂变化比较：TG、LDL二者的升高腹透组较血透组明显（P〈0.05）,LP（a）升高血透较腹透明显（P〈0.05）。结论：透析会加重终末期肾衰竭患者的脂质异常,腹膜透析表现更明显,腹膜透析与血液透析存在统计学差异。血液透析在LP（a）的升高应引起重视。     

持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者119例死亡原因分析

目的 分析持续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者的死亡原因,为延长患者生存时间提供依据.方法 回顾性分析119例CAPD患者的死亡原因,并与同期126例CAPD存活患者相比较,以寻找其死亡的高危因素.结果 心血管并发症、脑血管意外和营养不良是最主要的死亡原因,分别占30.3%、24.4%和16.8%.与存活组相比,死亡组的年龄、动脉血压（收缩压和舒张压）、胆固醇和C反应蛋白升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,死亡组左心室肥大的比例升高（P〈0.01）,而心脏射血分数、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、主观综合性营养评估、尿素氮清除率、透析前残余肾功能和透析前尿量降低（P〈0.01）.结论 心脑血管并发症和营养不良是CAPD患者最主要的死亡原因,与残余肾功能减退、左心室肥大、高血压、蛋白质丢失和微炎症等因素有关.保护残余肾功能、积极有效地控制高血压、纠正营养不良和减少腹膜炎的发生率将有助于延长患者生存时间,降低死亡率.     

残余肾功能对维持性血液透析患者营养状况及左心功能的影响

目的探讨残余肾功能（residual renal function,RRF）对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者营养状况及左心功能的影响。方法选择52例MHD患者,按RRF分为2组：有RRF组（A组）29例,RRF≥2．0ml／mim无RRF组（B组）23例,RRF〈2．0ml／min。比较2组观察开始时及观察1年后RRF、营养指标及左心功能指标。结果观察开始及1年后,A组RRF高于B组（P〈0．05）;观察开始及1年后体质量标准化蛋白质代谢率（nPCR）、血浆白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白,A组均显著高于B组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;观察1年后A组的左心室射血分数（LVEF）和左心室短轴缩短率（LVFS）均高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论RRF对MHD患者营养状况及左心功能有显著影响。随着透析时间的延长,保护和监测RRF对促进MHD患者营养不良的改善及左心功能的保护均具有重要意义。     

小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病患者的疗效

目的　研究小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析（DAPD）和小剂量持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的疗效。 方法 病情稳定、残肾功能较好（rGFR≥5 ml/min,且尿量≥750 ml/d）的40例糖尿病ESRD患者入选。按数字随机法分为小剂量DAPD组20例和小剂量CAPD组20例。DAPD组透析处方为1.5 L或2 L,3次/d,每次留腹3～4 h,夜间干腹。CAPD组透析处方为1.5～2 Ｌ,3次/d,或1.5 L,4次/d,夜间留腹。在研究开始及6个月后,分别计算两组腹膜尿素氮清除率（Kt/V）、残肾Kt/V、每周总Ｋt/V、Ccr、rGFR等指标;测定24 h尿蛋白量、24 h腹透液蛋白、血清白蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素剂量;用改良主观综合性营养评估法（SGA）评估患者营养状况。 结果 共35例患者完成研究。两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、透析龄、透析液肌酐/血肌酐（D/Pcr）等基线值差异无统计学意义。6个月后,CAPD组胰岛素剂量和24 h腹透液丢失蛋白明显高于DAPD组,分别为（33.6±10.9） U/d 比（20.6±6.2） U/d（P < 0.05）和（11.13±4.95） g比（5.66±2.88） g（P < 0.01）,而血清白蛋白明显低于DAPD组[（29.7±4.2） 比（36.5±3.9） g/L,P < 0.05]。DAPD组与CAPD组相比,24 h净超滤量为（554±187） ml比（309±177） ml,24 h尿量为（1090±361） ml比（750±258） ml,rGFR为（8.21±2.40） ml/min比（4.88±2.11） ml/min,DAPD组均显著高于CAPD组（均P < 0.05）。 结论 对于残肾功能较好的糖尿病ESRD患者,小剂量DAPD较小剂量CAPD能更好地控制血糖,改善营养状态及保护残肾功能。     

The impact of residual renal function and total body water volume on achieving adequate dialysis in CAPD.

AIMS: The objective is to evaluate the impact of residual renal function (RRF) and total body water (TBW) on achieving adequate dialysis. METHODS: Sixty three CAPD patients performing four 2 liter exchanges daily were evaluated for RRF, total weekly Kt/V (TWKt/V), total weekly creatinine clearance (TWCC) and TBW. RESULTS: In patients with residual renal function (N = 41), TWKt/V and TWCC were 2.2 +/- 0.8 and 77.4 +/- 24.5 L, respectively. In patients without RRF (N = 22), TWKt/V was 1.6 +/- 0.4 and TWCC 42.6 +/- 9.2 L. TBW correlated negatively with TWKt/V in the group without RRF (r = -0.75, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It is not possible for larger patients without RRF treated with CAPD (2L x 4 exchanges) to achieve the acceptable targets for TWKt/V and TWCC due to TBW.     

Impact of Residual Renal Function on Dialysis Adequacy in Paediatric CAPD Patients

This study was designed to determine the impact of residual renal function (RRF) on dialysis adequacy indices and clinical outcome parameters in paediatric CAPD patients. Seventeen children on CAPD were included. Residual renal function was described by residual diuresis (UO: urine output), residual renal solute clearances [RR.KT/V (residual renal KT/V), RR.Ccr (residual renal creatinine clearance) and GFR (glomerular filtration rate)]. Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis were used in statistical analysis. Mean W.KT/V (weekly KT/V) vas 1.97±0.6 and mean T.Ccr (total Ccr) was 56±32 L/week/1.73 m². Both of these indices were found to be strongly correlated with RRF (GFR, UO, RR.KT/V and RR.Ccr) (p<0.001), but not with peritoneal solute clearances. W.KT/V was found to be influenced essentially by RR.KT/V (p<0.001) and also dialysate fill volume (DV) (p<0.01). T.Ccr was influenced primarily by RR.Ccr (p<0.001) and serum cr levels (p<0.05). In addition significant positive correlations were detected between serum albumin, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Htc) levels and residual diuresis (p<0.05) and a significant negative correlation was found between mean blood pressure and residual diuresis (p<0.05). It was concluded that the mean values of W.KT/V and T.Ccr were heavily influenced by RRF. Almost all variations in W.KT/V and T.Ccr represented changes in RRF. In addition, anaemia, hypertension and hypoalbuminaemia, which are known as clinical criteria of inadequate dialysis, were found to be influenced by residual diuresis. Thus one of the goals of paediatric nephrologists must be the preservation of renal reserve. Since the rate of decline in RRF was significantly lower in CAPD, it should be the first choice of long-term maintenance dialytic therapy for children who have residual renal reserve.     

Correlation of serum hepcidin with residual renal function and micro-inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To study the correlation of serum hepcidin with residual renal function and micro-inflammation state in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods Thirty-four stable CADP patients were involved in this study as observers (CAPD group), who had accepted CAPD treatment more than three months; twenty non-dialysis patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease were selected as control group. According to the level of high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), CAPD patients were divided into two subgroups. There were 14 patients in the hs-CRP elevated group (hs-CRP＞3.00 mg/L) and 20 patients in the hs-CRP normal group. In addition, there had been 14 patients with residual renal function in CAPD group. Serum hepcidin was measured by ELISA. Serum Ferritin (FER), hs-CRP, routine blood and biochemistry were measured by routine methods. Calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to assess the correlation of serum hepcidin with other laboratory parameters in CAPD patients. Results (1) Serum hepcidin was significantly higher in CAPD patients than control group, but eGFR was significantly lower (P﹤0.01). (2) Serum hepcidin levels of no residual renal function patients increased more significantly in CAPD group (P﹤0.05). (3) Serum hepcidin levels were higher in hs-CRP elevated group than hs-CRP normal group (P﹤0.05). (4) Pearson correlation analyses revealed that serum hepcidin was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.501) and FER (r=0.847, all P﹤0.01), and was negatively correlated with Hb (r=-0.919), TRF (r=-0.751), TIBC (r=-0.532, all P＜0.05). (5) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ferritin and hs-CRP were closely associated with serum hepcidin level in CAPD. Conclusions Serum hepcidin level markedly elevate in CAPD patients, especially in the patients with no residual renal function and micro inflammatory state increased more significantly.     

Importance of residual renal function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: its influence on different parameters of renal replacement treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of residual renal function (RRF) on different parameters of the renal substitutive treatment offered by peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: We analyzed the impact of RRF on dialysis dose, nutrition parameters, anemia and phosphocalcic metabolism in 37 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Analytical controls were done every 6 months after an initial assessment at the end of the first month of treatment. Multiple lineal regression models were used as the statistical method to analyze the influence of RRF on different theoretically dependent factors. RRF was calculated as a mean of creatinine and urea clearances. Three observations per patient were used: one at the end of the first month of treatment; a final one at the end of follow-up (mean time 24.2 +/- 11.4 months), and at a mean time between them (13.4 +/- 6.7 months), with a final number of 111 observations. RESULTS: Dialysis dose: RRF was the most important factor in terms of creatinine clearance (r(2) = 0.94; beta = 0.999), KT/V (r(2) = 0. 68; beta = 0.819) and beta(2)-microglobulin levels (r(2) = 0.46; beta = -0.489). Nutrition parameters: RRF was a determinant factor for normalized protein catabolic rate (r(2) = 0.53; beta = 0.471), percent lean body mass (r(2) = 0.45; beta = 0.446) and albumin levels (r(2) = 0.25; beta = 0.229). Anemia: RRF was the most important factor when studying hemoglobin levels (r(2) = 0.28; beta = 0.407). Phosphocalcic metabolism: Between the analyzed factors, RRF was the only one which reached significance on serum phosphate levels (r(2) = 0.19; beta = -0.594). RRF did not show any relationship with either calcium or PTH levels. CONCLUSIONS: Independent of other factors, RRF in CAPD is positively and directly related to dialysis dose, beta(2)-microglobulin levels, nutrition parameters (albumin, normalized protein catabolic rate and percent lean body mass, hemoglobin and serum phosphate levels.     

阿魏酸哌嗪在腹膜透析患者残余肾功能中的应用

目的 探索持续性腹膜透析(CAPD)的尿毒症患者使用阿魏酸哌嗪对残余肾功能(RRF)的影响.方法 43例CAPD治疗的尿毒症患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组22例,对照21例;治疗组在对照组基础上加用中成药阿魏酸哌嚷,每次150mg,每天3次,疗程12个月;观察治疗前、后的血压(BP)、体重(BW)、血色素(Hb)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、血白蛋白(Alb)等指标;分别检测二组治疗6、12、18个月的RRF及尿量.结果 与对照组相比,治疗后的治疗组RRF下降速度减慢(P＜0.05).尿量减少明显减缓(p＜0.01),BP控制对照组满意(p＜0.05).Hb、BW、Alb好于对照组(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 阿魏酸哌嗪对CAPD尿毒症患者的RRF有保护作用,延缓尿量的减少,改善患者营养,提高CAPD患者的生活质量.     

Association between inflammation and changes in residual renal function and peritoneal transport rate during the first year of dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal transport rate, a major determinant of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient survival, increases in most patients starting on PD, while in other patients peritoneal transport rate may decline. Although several factors may contribute to changes in peritoneal transport rate, inflammation is known to be associated with a high peritoneal transport rate, and residual renal function (RRF), which often declines after start of PD, may also be related to inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that changes in peritoneal transport rate during patients' first year on PD and declining RRF may be linked with inflammation. METHODS: A total of 76 PD patients (40 males, mean age 56.8+/-14.1 years), who underwent two peritoneal equilibration tests at a mean of 0.4 months and 1 year after beginning PD, were included in the study. Based on the change in dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio at 4-h dwell (D/P Cr) during first year on PD, the patients were divided into decreased or unchanged (group DUC; n=22) and increased (group I; n=54) groups. RESULTS: Initially, group I had a lower proportion of high transporters and more often high serum C-reactive protein (sCRP, > or =10 mg/l) and lower RRF compared with the DUC group. In group I, serum albumin and RRF decreased significantly and dialysate protein loss and glucose absorption increased significantly during the first year on PD. When patients were divided into two groups based on median change in RRF (1.9 ml/min), patients with a decrease in RRF >1.9 ml/min during first year on PD had a higher proportion of high sCRP, higher D/P Cr, and higher changes in D/P Cr compared to patients with a decrease in RRF < or =1.9 ml/min. Patients with elevated sCRP at one year included a higher proportion of patients who had high sCRP at the start of PD, higher increase in D/P Cr, lower serum albumin, lower RRF, and more decrease in RRF during first year on PD compared with patients having normal sCRP. RRF was inversely correlated with changes in D/P Cr during the first year on PD (r=-0.28, P=0.02). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the only factors affecting changes in D/P Cr were high sCRP and a low RRF. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary short-term study suggests that changes in peritoneal transport rate during patients' first year on PD may be linked with inflammation and declining residual renal function. Inflammation and residual renal function were identified as the only independent factors determining peritoneal transport rate during the first year on PD. It is possible that inflammation may cause both an increase in peritoneal transport rate and a decline in residual renal function, or that the decline in residual renal function and the increase in peritoneal transport rate may induce or aggravate inflammation. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.