极低频磁场对激动剂诱发钙振荡的影响

从激动剂诱发钙振荡的非线性动力学模型出发, 通过数值计算分析极低频磁场对胞内游离钙离子浓度［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ｉ 的影响。研究结果表明：只有当外加磁场的频率与胞内钙振荡的特征频率相近时,极低频磁场才会对该细胞的［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 产生影响;由于激动剂诱发钙振荡的动力学模型中的许多参数是因细胞而异的,因此极低频磁场对［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ｉ 的影响具有显著的个体差异     

极低频磁场致癌效应的细胞学研究进展

近年来有关极低频磁场致癌效应的细胞学研究取得了长足进展。多数研究表明,极低频磁场本身对正常的动物细胞并没有诱发癌变的效应,但它可作为促进因子或协同促进因子使具有癌变倾向的、以及已经癌变的细胞加快癌变的进程。这种影响可发生于细胞生理过程的任何一个环节,如细胞信号转导、第二信使、基因修改、转录及翻译、酶的活性、自由基产生以及与细胞增殖有关的生理活性物质等。     

损毁和刺激垂体对大鼠痛阈的影响

采用局限性损毁和刺激垂体的方法,以行为测痛为指标,观察大鼠垂体在痛觉调节中的作用以及地塞米松（Ｄｅｘ）对其影响。实验结果显示,损毁垂体中间叶（ＩＬ）及邻近的前叶（ＡＬ）,大鼠痛阈明显低于手术前的痛阈（Ｐ＜０．０１）。电刺激垂体的上述同样部位,大鼠痛阈明显高于手术基础值及自身假刺激值（Ｐ＜０．００１）。经Ｄｅｘ处理的动物,电刺激垂体不再引起痛阈升高。结果表明,大鼠垂体ＩＬ及靠近ＡＬ与痛调节有关,这种     

极低频磁场对人乳腺癌细胞蛋白质表达谱的影响

极低频磁场(ELF MF)被国际癌症研究中心列为可疑致癌物, 但其诱发肿瘤的具体机制并不清楚. 为此, 采用蛋白质组技术研究人乳腺癌细胞MCF7受ELF MF辐照后蛋白质表达谱的变化, 以探索确定该细胞的极低频磁场反应蛋白质. 在将MCF7细胞暴露于50 Hz, 0.4 mT正弦极低频磁场中24 h后, 直接抽提蛋白, 进行双向凝胶电泳. 凝胶经银染后, 使用PDQuest软件分析假辐照组与磁场辐照组间差异表达蛋白质斑点. 结果显示, 与假辐照组相比, 磁场辐照组中有6个蛋白质斑点的表达量发生显著改变(至少5倍的增加和减少), 同时, 在磁场辐照组中有19个蛋白点消失和19个新蛋白点出现. 通过搜索SWISS-PROT蛋白数据库, 对差异蛋白的类别和功能进行了初步推测. 在此基础上, 进一步选择3个差异表达蛋白斑点, 经胶内酶解后, 进行串联质谱分析, 分别鉴定为RNA结合蛋白调节亚基、 蛋白酶体β亚基7型前体和翻译调控肿瘤蛋白. 结果表明, 50 Hz, 0.4 mT极低频磁场辐照24 h改变了MCF7细胞内多种蛋白的表达水平, 影响环节涉及基因转录、蛋白翻译、蛋白代谢、功能蛋白相互作用等多个层面, 说明极低频磁场可能作为一种环境应激因素改变细胞的正常生理功能.     

极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞生长、代谢及细胞周期的影响

目的研究一定参数的极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞(SK-HEP-1)在诸多方面的影响。方法在整个SK-HEP-1细胞的培养周期中用50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场对其进行作用,并检测作用后细胞的增殖活性、生长动力学、代谢以及细胞周期的变化。结果50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场对SK-HEP-1细胞的生长与代谢有抑制作用,并能阻碍其有丝分裂的进行。结论50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场为治疗人类恶性肿瘤提供了一种可能的手段。     

极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞生长、代谢及细胞周期的影响

目的：研究一定参数的极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞（SK-HEP-1）在诸多方面的影响。方法：在整个SK-HEP-1细胞的培养周期中用50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场对其进行作用,并检测作用后细胞的增殖活性、生长动力学、代谢以及细胞周期的变化。结果：50Hz．20mT的极低频磁场对SK-HEP-1细胞的生长与代谢有抑制作用,并能阻碍其有丝分裂的进行。结论：50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场为治疗人类恶性肿瘤提供了一种可能的手段。     

褪黑素对谷氨酸致痫大鼠海马内谷氨酸、GABA及其受体水平的影响

目的探讨褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)致痫大鼠海马内Glu及GluR2、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric-acid,GABA)及其受体GABRA1水平的影响,进而研究褪黑素的抑痫作用机制。方法随机将健康SD雄性大鼠40只分为A、B、C、D组,每组10只。A组:生理盐水组;B组:MT Glu组;C组:Glu致痫组;D组:Luzidole MT Glu组。观察并记录行为学变化,采用免疫组化法进行Glu、GluR2、GABA和GABRA1免疫组化染色和图像分析。结果行为学观察结果显示,C组和D组大鼠均有不同程度的癫痫发作,B组大鼠癫痫发作不明显,A组无发作;免疫组化结果显示,C组和D组海马内CA1-CA3区和齿状回Glu阳性反应较A组增强(P<0.05),GluR2、GABA和GABRA1均较A组减弱(P<0.05),B组Glu较C组和D组阳性反应有显著性减弱(P<0.05),GluR2、GABA和GABRA1阳性反应均较C组和D组有显著性增强(P<0.05),而B组与A组无明显差异性。结论MT通过增加GABA及其受体GABRA1和GluR2的作用和抑制Glu作用对Glu致痫大鼠癫痫发作发挥抑制作用。     

极低频磁场对大鼠急性和慢性关节炎影响的研究

目的：探讨极低频磁场对大鼠急性和慢性关节炎模型的影响。方法：大鼠足内皮下注射角叉菜胶建立急性关节炎模型,磁场分别暴露6h和8h,注射弗氏完全佐剂建立慢性关节炎模型,磁场暴露7d,每天6h,观察炎症肿胀和炎性细胞因子的改变情况。结果：急性和慢性关节炎大鼠经过不同时间的磁场暴露后,踝关节和足垫肿胀均有不同程度的减轻,急性模型暴露6h和慢性模型血清和关节液的细胞因子均无改变,急性模型暴露8h血清IL-6,关节浸液IL-6和TNF-α均比对照组降低,其余指标无变化,但是有下降的趋势。结论：极低频磁场对急性和慢性关节炎肿胀有抑制作用,每天暴露8h可以部分抑制细胞因子的产生,但其详细机制还有待于进一步研究。     

L－谷氨酸分别兴奋大鼠内外侧缰核引起血压和痛阈变化的关系

本实验探讨分别兴奋缰核不同部位引起血压和痛阈变化的关系。实验分别在戊巴比妥钠和乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠上进行,采用玻璃微电极微量注射的方法,将Ｌ－谷氨酸（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）分别注入到大鼠内侧缰核（ＭＨｂ）和外侧缰核（ＬＨｂ）,分别观察痛阈和血压变化。结果显示：ＭＨｂ兴奋可明显提高痛阈和血压,痛阈提高５３％,血压由１３．８７±２．１４升高至１６．２１±２．４２ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。而ＬＨｂ兴奋引起痛阈降低３６％,血压由１４．８±２．０６降低到达１３．０９±１．８２ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。应用同一动物,分别兴奋内侧和外侧经核,同时观察痛阈和血压变化,所得结果和分组实验一致。结果表明兴奋缰核对痛阈和心血管活动的影响具有部位特异性,同时在现出两者之间的密切联系。     

Experimental studies on extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field inhibiting sarcoma and enhancing cellular immune functions

The previous observation with an electron microscope showed that extremely low frequency (ELF) pulsed magnetic field (PMF) (with the maximum intensity of 0. 6-2. 0 T, gradient of 10-100 T. M-1, pulse width of 20-200 ms and frequency of 0. 16-1. 34 Hz) inhibited the growth of S-180 sarcoma in mice and enhanced the ability of immune cell's dissolving sarcoma cells. In this study, the DNA contents of nuclei were assayed by using Faulgen Staining method. With an electron microscope and cell stereoscopy technology it was observed that magnetic field affected the sarcoma cell's metabolism, lowered its malignancy, and restrained its rapid and heteromorphic growth. The magnetic field enhanced the cellular immune ability and the reaction of lymphocytes and plasma. Since ELF pulsed magnetic fields can inhibit the growth of sarcomas and enhance the cellular immune ability, it is possible to use it as a new method to treat cancer.     

The detection threshold for extremely low frequency magnetic fields may be below 1000 nT-Hz in mice

Previous experiments with mice have shown that a repeated 1 h daily exposure to an ambient magnetic field shielded environment induces analgesia (anti-nociception). This shielding reduces ambient static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) by approximately 100 times for frequencies below 120 Hz. To determine the threshold of ELF-MF amplitude that would attenuate or abolish this effect, 30 and 120 Hz magnetic fields were introduced into the shielded environment at peak amplitudes of 25, 50, 100 and 500 nT. At 30 Hz, peak amplitudes of 50, 100, and 500 nT attenuated this effect in proportion to the amplitude magnitude. At 120 Hz, significant attenuation was observed at all amplitudes. Exposures at 10, 60, 100, and 240 Hz with peak amplitudes of 500, 300, 500, and 300 nT, respectively, also attenuated the induced analgesia. No exposure abolished this effect except perhaps at 120 Hz, 500 nT. If the peak amplitude frequency product was kept constant at 6000 nT-Hz for frequencies of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 Hz, the extent of attenuation was constant, indicating that the detection mechanism is dependent on the nT-Hz product. A plot of effect versus the induced current metric nT-Hz suggests a threshold of ELF-MF detection in mice at or below 1000 nT-Hz.     

Pilot study of extremely low frequency magnetic fields emitted by transformers in dwellings. Social aspects

A large number of epidemiologic studies examining the potential effect of residential exposure to extremely-low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and childhood leukemia have been published. Two pooled analyses [Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, Roman E, Skinner J, Dockerty J, Linet M, et al. (2000). A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 83(5):692–698; Greenland S, Sheppard AR, Kaune WT, Poole C, Kelsh AM (2000). A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes, and childhood leukemia. Epidemiology. 11(6):624–634], which included the major epidemiologic studies on ELF magnetic fields and childhood leukemia showed twofold increase in childhood leukemia risk in association with residential ELF exposure above 0.3–0.4 μT. Based on “limited” epidemiologic evidence linking ELF exposure to childhood leukemia and “inadequate evidence” for carcinogenicity of ELF in rodent bioassays, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified ELF magnetic fields as a possible human carcinogen (2B classification) [International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2002). Non-ionizing radiation, Part 1: Static and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 80. IARC Press: Lyon], confirmed by WHO on the basis of studies published after 2000 [World Health Organization. Extremely low frequency fields. In: 238 Environmental health criteria, Geneva: WHO; 2007]. The analysis of more recent studies of ELF magnetic fields and childhood leukemia had small findings and propose methodological improvements concerning the uncertainties in epidemiological approaches and exposure assessment, bias in selection of controls [Kheifets L, Oksuzyan S (2008). Exposure assessment and other challenges in non-ionizing radiation studies of childhood leukaemia. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 132(2):139–147]. By the end of 2010, 37 countries had been identified for possible participation in the International study TRANSEXPO. The pilot work has been completed in five countries (Finland, Hungary, Israel, Switzerland and Bulgaria). In 2008, Bulgaria through the National Centre of Public Health Protection joined with pilot study in TRANSEXPO Project. At this first stage of the project our investigation was directed to performing measurements in dwellings with built-in transformer stations, collecting data of population and cancer registry and choosing the epidemiology design feasible for continuing the project. Taking into account the available sources of information in Bulgaria (different registers of the population) needed for epidemiological approach, it was found that the most appropriate epidemiology design would be the nested case-control study. Control group could be collected in accordance with the international requirements for such epidemiological studies. This approach could be modified in the course of the further study in order to ensure achievement of the purposes of the main international requirements of the study.     

A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in modern technologies. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that ELF-EMF has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the immune system response. This review was conducted on effects of ELF-EMF on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity. Mechanisms of ELF-EMF, which may modulate immune cell responses, were also studied. Physical and biological parameters of ELF-EMF can interact with each other to create beneficial or harmful effect on the immune cell responses by interfering with the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. According to the studies, it is supposed that short-term (2-24 h/d up to a week) exposure of ELF-EMF with strong density may increase innate immune response due to an increase of innate immunity cytokines. Furthermore, long-term (2-24 h/d up to 8 years) exposure to low-density ELF-EMF may cause a decrease in adaptive immune response, especially in T_h1 subset.     

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on the health of workers in automotive industry

Objective. To observe the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) in automotive industry on occupational workers. Methods. A total of 704 workers were investigated, and 374 workers were chosen and divided into two groups (control group and exposure group) according to the inclusive criteria, namely male with age 20–40 years old and ≥ 2 years of exposure. The intensities of ELF-EMFs and noise were detected with EFA-300 Field Analyzer (Narda company, Pfullingen, Germany) and AWA5610D integrating sound level meter (Hangzhou Aihua Instruments Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China), respectively. Survey data were collected by questionnaire, and the physical check-up was done in hospital. All the data were input into SPSS17.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA), and the appropriate statistic analyses were carried out. Results. The intensity of EMFs in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05), while the noise in two workplaces showed no difference (p>0.05). The survey data collected by questionnaires showed that the symptoms of loss of hair in exposure group were significantly different as compared with that in control group (p < 0.05). The check-up parameters of cardiovascular, liver and hematology system showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Survey and check-up data suggest that exposure to ELF-EMFs might have effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, liver, and hematology system of workers.     

Synergic effect of retinoic acid and extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C

The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF‐MF; 50 Hz, 1 mT) can affect proliferation and differentiation in the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C, which is representative of high risk neuroblastomas. Cells were subjected to ELF‐MF exposure in the presence or absence of a neuronal differentiating agent (all‐trans‐retinoic acid, ATRA) for 24–72 h. In each experiment, ELF‐MF‐exposed samples were compared to sham‐exposed samples. Cells exposed to ELF‐MF combined with retinoic treatment showed a decreased cellular proliferation and an increased proportion of G₀/G₁ phase cells compared to cells exposed to either treatment alone. Moreover, ELF‐MF‐ and ATRA‐treated cells showed more differentiated morphological traits (a higher neurite number/cell, an increased neurite length), together with a significant increase of mRNA levels of p21^WAF1/CIP1 and cdk5 genes, both involved in neuronal differentiation. In addition, the expression of cyp19 gene, which is involved both in neuronal differentiation and stress response, was evaluated; cyp19 gene expression was enhanced by ATRA treatment and significantly enhanced further by ELF‐MF exposure combined with ATRA. In conclusion, our data suggest that ELF‐MF exposure can strengthen ATRA effects on neuroblastoma cells. Bioelectromagnetics 31:425–433, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

An extremely low frequency magnetic field increases unconditioned larval movement of the common cutworm,Spodoptera litura: A novel model for a magnetoreceptive neurobehavioral study

One of the most interesting features of magnetic field (MF) responsiveness in animals is the signal transduction mechanism from sensing MF to behavior. To develop a model system for understanding the process, we performed a preliminary behavioral assay using an insect, the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). In contrast to sham exposure, a continuous 60 Hz oscillating MF (0.2 mT) induced a significant increase in movement in third instar larvae: the MF‐induced movement was longer in total duration and had an earlier onset than movement from sham exposure. Not surprisingly, the movement duration of the group test was notably higher than that of the individual test, suggesting that the individual test is more favorable for assessing the MF effect on movement. Considering the simplicity of the experimental operation and obvious non‐conditioned responsiveness to the MF, this model might be suitable for studying magnetoreception and following the signal transduction mechanism between neurons and behavior.