热载荷作用下对称S型功能梯度圆板的非线性力学行为

本文研究了热环境中陶瓷-金属-陶瓷功能梯度圆板（S-FGM）的过屈曲和弯曲行为。圆板材料组分的体积分数符合Sigmoid定律,并承受沿圆板厚度方向变化的温度场作用。基于经典板理论,用能量法导出了对称S-FGM圆板静态问题的非线性平衡方程。用打靶法对所得方程进行了数值求解,并利用数值结果研究了不同边界条件、材料的组分、热载荷等因素对对称S-FGM圆板力学行为的影响。数值结果表明：对称S-FGM圆板相较于普通FGM圆板,其力学行为存在一些不同之处,且板的上下表面温升比对S型功能梯度圆板的力学行为有着显著的影响。     

含孔隙变厚度FG圆板的湿热力学响应

功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials, FGM)是组份含量按特定方向连续变化的非均匀复合材料,可有效解决传统复合材料组份之间结合能力弱和不同组份性能难以协调等问题,达到诸如缓和应力集中和优化应力分布等效果,使整体材料在保持细观结构完整性的同时充分发挥各组份材料的性能优势.由于制备技术等原因或出于特殊功能的需要,微孔或孔隙是各类型FGM中的常见缺陷.从细观结构上看,多孔FGM中的孔隙包含了单一组份内的材料孔隙和组份微粒间的结构间隙,这些孔隙将对FGM的力学性能,尤其是在湿热环境下的力学行为产生影响.本文考虑FGM中的两类细观孔隙(材料孔隙和结构孔隙),提出了令各类孔隙依赖于各自组份变化,再线性叠加得到的整体孔隙计算式.考虑组份材料和孔隙填充物(液相水和水蒸气)性质的温度相关性,建立了湿热相关FGM材料模型.针对厚度沿径向变化的旋转圆板结构,应用该FGM材料模型,推导了圆板的非线性稳态湿热控制方程及考虑湿热弹性本构的位移控制方程,采用微分求积法(differential quadrature method,DQM),获得了圆板的湿热场、位移场和应力分布.在数值算例中,利用退化模型的解析解对本文的数值计算方法进行了验证,继而通过改变各关键参数,讨论了两类孔隙率、梯度指数和圆板厚度变化对含孔隙FGM变厚度旋转圆板湿热力学响应的影响规律.      

含孔隙变厚度FG圆板的湿热力学响应

功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials,FGM)是组份含量按特定方向连续变化的非均匀复合材料,可有效解决传统复合材料组份之间结合能力弱和不同组份性能难以协调等问题,达到诸如缓和应力集中和优化应力分布等效果,使整体材料在保持细观结构完整性的同时充分发挥各组份材料的性能优势.由于制备技术等原因或出于特殊功能的需要,微孔或孔隙是各类型FGM中的常见缺陷.从细观结构上看,多孔FGM中的孔隙包含了单一组份内的材料孔隙和组份微粒间的结构间隙,这些孔隙将对FGM的力学性能,尤其是在湿热环境下的力学行为产生影响.本文考虑FGM中的两类细观孔隙(材料孔隙和结构孔隙),提出了令各类孔隙依赖于各自组份变化,再线性叠加得到的整体孔隙计算式.考虑组份材料和孔隙填充物(液相水和水蒸气)性质的温度相关性,建立了湿热相关FGM材料模型.针对厚度沿径向变化的旋转圆板结构,应用该FGM材料模型,推导了圆板的非线性稳态湿热控制方程及考虑湿热弹性本构的位移控制方程,采用微分求积法(differential quadrature method,DQM),获得了圆板的湿热场、位移场和应力分布.在数值算例中,利用退化模型的解析解对本文的数值计算方法进行了验证,继而通过改变各关键参数,讨论了两类孔隙率、梯度指数和圆板厚度变化对含孔隙FGM变厚度旋转圆板湿热力学响应的影响规律.     

功能梯度与均匀圆板静动态解之间的相似转换关系

基于经典板理论,研究了功能梯度材料圆板的轴对称弯曲、屈曲和自由振动解与相应的均匀材料圆板解之间的转换关系.通过消去拉-弯耦合项得到了以挠度函数表示的功能梯度圆板的弯曲、屈曲和自由振动控制方程.分析功能梯度圆板与均匀圆板的控制方程之间的相似性,得到了功能梯度材料圆板与均匀圆板的解之间解的相似转换关系,在假定FGM圆板的材料性质沿厚分别以幂函数和指数函数的度变规律后,给出了相应的转换系数的解析表达式.该系数集中反映了功能梯度圆板的材料非均匀性.在已知均匀材料圆板轴对称解的条件下,可将功能梯度材料圆板轴对称问题的求解转化为相似转换系数的计算问题.这一方法可为非均匀板的求解提供了十分便捷有效的途径,而且便于工程应用.     

径向弹性约束下功能梯度圆板的热过屈曲

研究了周边具有面内径向弹性约束功能梯度圆板在横向非均匀升温下的热过屈曲行为.基于von Karman薄板理论,推导出了横向非均匀加热功能梯度圆板在径向弹性约束作用下的位移形式的轴对称热过屈曲控制方程.假设功能梯度材料性质沿厚度方向按幂函数连续变化,采用打靶法求解得到非线性常微分方程边值问题,获得了周边简支和夹紧条件下功能梯度圆板的热过屈曲响应.定量分析了径向弹性约束对圆板的临界屈曲温度载荷以及热过屈曲变形的影响,给出了不同弹性约束刚度功能梯度圆板的热过屈曲平衡路径和平衡构形.数值结果表明,径向弹性约束对圆板的热过屈曲平衡路径的影响显著,随着约束刚度的减小,临界屈曲温度载荷增大.     

基于物理中面与高阶剪切变形理论双参数弹性地基上FGM梁的非线性弯曲分析

在本文中,基于物理中面概念与高阶剪切变形理论,用Ritz法给出双参数弹性地基上FGM梁非线性弯曲的近似解答,并且讨论不同温度场、地基参数、不同边界条件、以及体积分数变化对FGM梁力学行为的影响。值得进一步指出的是：在基准温度场中,Winkler地基FGM梁的挠度介于Pasternak型与无地基梁之间;在热传导场中固支FGM梁的挠度介于均匀热场与基准温度场之间,而简支FGM梁由于有初始热挠度的影响,并非总是如此。     

基于物理中面FGM板屈曲的有限元分析

基于物理中面的概念,根据最小势能原理推导了功能梯度材料FGM薄板屈曲的有限元控制方程,求得临界荷载的有限元解。利用FGM板的屈曲方程与参考均匀板的屈曲方程之间的相似性,建立了FGM板的临界荷载与参考均匀板的临界荷载之间的相似转换关系式,从而将FGM板临界荷载的计算转变为参考均匀板的临界荷载和材料不均匀系数的计算,极大地提高了计算效率,为FGM的推广起积极的推动作用。通过数值算例,将由有限元法和转换关系式得到的临界荷载进行了比较,并讨论了边界条件、荷载工况、材料组成和几何尺寸等对FGM板临界荷载的影响。     

变温场中具损伤粘弹性矩形板的非线性动力响应分析

基于热粘弹性理论、Von Karman板理论和连续损伤力学,导出了二维状态下各向同性材料的变温粘弹性本构方程,建立了含损伤效应的各向同性粘弹性矩形板在变温场中的非线性运动控制方程,且应用有限差分法对问题进行求解.算例中,讨论了损伤演化及温度场等因素对粘弹性矩形板非线性动力学行为的影响,得出一些有意义的结论.     

基于均匀化转换方法的FGM圆柱壳静水压力下临界压力预测研究

依据经典Flügge壳体理论,利用功能梯度材料(FGM)和均匀材料物理性质和力学行为相似性的均匀化转换计算方法,研究了静水压力下FGM圆柱壳临界压力的预测方法。针对水下FGM圆柱壳耦合系统的振动问题,考虑流体影响,采用波动法推导出相应的振动方程,使用了牛顿迭代法,以确定在静水压力下FGM圆柱壳的固有频率。根据临界载荷与固有频率为零的载荷水平线性相关性,运用拟合曲线法和均匀化转换后的公式法对静水压力下FGM圆柱壳临界压力进行了预测分析,并讨论了FGM圆柱壳各项参数对静水压力下FGM圆柱壳临界压力的影响。结果表明,FGM圆柱壳的材料弹性模量E合值、几何尺寸h/R和L/R,以及不同边界条件改变对临界压力影响较大。通过对多组算例的对比分析,证明了本研究方法的正确性和有效性。使用该方法进行预测的精度高,计算量小,能够为非均匀结构力学行为的分析提供新的研究途径。     

粘贴压电层功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的热过屈曲分析

研究了上下表面粘贴压电层的功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁在升温及电场作用下的过屈曲行为。在精确考虑轴线伸长和一阶横向剪切变形的基础上,建立了压电功能梯度Timoshenko层合梁在热-电-机械载荷作用下的几何非线性控制方程。其中,假设功能梯度的材料性质沿厚度方向按照幂函数连续变化,压电层为各向同性均匀材料。采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得了在均匀电场和横向非均匀升温场内两端固定Timoshenko梁的静态非线性屈曲和过屈曲数值解。并给出了梁的变形随热、电载荷及材料梯度参数变化的特性曲线。结果表明,通过施加电压在压电层产生拉应力可以有效地提高梁的热屈曲临界载荷,延缓热过屈曲发生。由于材料在横向的非均匀性,即使在均匀升温和均匀电场作用下,也会产生拉-弯耦合效应。但是对于两端固定的压电-功能梯度材料梁,在横向非均匀升温下过屈曲变形仍然是分叉形的。     

Nonlinear bending and post-buckling of a functionally graded circular plate under mechanical and thermal loadings

Based on the classical nonlinear von Karman plate theory, axisymmetric large deflection bending of a functionally graded circular plate is investigated under mechanical, thermal and combined thermal–mechanical loadings, respectively, and axisymmetric thermal post-buckling behavior of a functionally graded circular plate is also investigated. The mechanical and thermal properties of functionally graded material (FGM) are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate, and obey a simple power law of the volume fraction of the constituents. Governing equations for the problem are derived, and then a shooting method is employed to numerically solve the equations. Effects of material constant n and boundary conditions on the temperature distribution, nonlinear bending, critical buckling temperature and thermal post-buckling behavior of the FGM plate are discussed in details.     

Thermal buckling and postbuckling of FGM circular plates with in-plane elastic restraints

Based on von Karman's plate theory, the axisymmetric thermal buckling and post-buckling of the functionally graded material(FGM) circular plates with inplane elastic restraints under transversely non-uniform temperature rise are studied. The properties of the FGM media are varied through the thickness based on a simple power law. The governing equations are numerically solved by a shooting method. The results of the critical buckling temperature, post-buckling equilibrium paths, and configurations for the in-plane elastically restrained plates are presented. The effects of the in-plane elastic restraints, material property gradient, and temperature variation on the responses of thermal buckling and post-buckling are examined in detail.     

THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL TIMOSHENKO BEAMS

Analysis of thermal post-buckling of FGM (Functionally Graded Material) Timoshenko beams subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rise is presented. By accurately considering the axial extension and transverse shear deformation in the sense of theory of Timoshenko beam, geometrical nonlinear governing equations including seven basic unknown functions for functionally graded beams subjected to mechanical and thermal loads were formulated. In the analysis, it was assumed that the material properties of the beam vary continuously as a power function of the thickness coordinate. By using a shooting method, the obtained nonlinear boundary value problem was numerically solved and thermal buckling and post-buckling response of transversely non-uniformly heated FGM Timoshenko beams with fixed-fixed edges were obtained. Characteristic curves of the buckling deformation of the beam varying with thermal load and the power law index are plotted. The effects of material gradient property on the buckling deformation and critical temperature of beam were discussed in details. The results show that there exists the tension-bend coupling deformation in the uniformly heated beam because of the transversely non-uniform characteristic of materials.     

面内预应力功能梯度材料矩形板的横向弯曲

功能梯度材料（FGM)是一类具有广阔应用前景的新型复合材料。本文考虑材料物性参数随坐标和温度变化的特性，研究横向荷载和面内预加荷载作用下FGM矩形板在各种边界条件下的弯曲问题。给出了基于一维微分求积格式的Galerkin技术的半解析方法，并以ZrO2/Ti-6Al-4V板为例考察了材料组分，温度相关性，面内预加荷载，边界约束条件等对FGM板弯曲行为的影响。结果表明，FGM板的弯曲变形介于各向同性陶瓷板与各向同性金属板之间，且随板抗弯刚度的增大而逐步减小，在高温下条件下必须考虑材料物性和温度的相关性。     

功能梯度压杆后屈曲形态的数值计算

基于轴线可伸长杆的过屈曲精确数学模型,采用打靶法对两端简支功能梯度压杆后屈曲行为进行了数值分析.其中假设功能梯度梁的材料性质沿厚度方向按照幂函数连续变化.给出了不同梯度指标下FGM杆的后屈曲特征曲线,并与金属和陶瓷两种单相材料杆的相应特性进行了比较,分析和讨论了载荷、材料的梯度指数、长细比对杆后屈曲平衡路径的影响.     

Post-buckling analysis of FGM annular sector plates based on three dimensional elasticity graded finite elements

In this article, post-buckling and non-linear bending analysis of functionally graded annular sector plates based on three dimensional theory of elasticity in conjunction with non-linear Green strain tensor is considered. In-plane normal compressive loads have been applied to either radial, circumferential, or all edges of annular sector plates. Material properties are graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of constituents while Poisson׳s ratio is assumed to be constant. The governing equations are developed based on the principle of minimum total potential energy and solved based on graded finite element method. Non-linear equilibrium equations are solved based on iterative Newton–Raphson method. The effects of material gradient exponent, different sector angles, thickness ratio, loading condition and two different boundary conditions on the post-buckling behavior of FGM annular sector plates have been investigated. Results denote that due to the stretching–bending coupling effects of the FGMs, the post-buckling behavior of movable simply supported FGM plates is not of the bifurcation-type buckling. Moreover, FGM annular sector plates subjected to uniaxial compression at radial edges show a non-linear bending behavior with unique and stable equilibrium paths following a flattening feature.     

Thermal post-bunkling analyses of functionally graded material rod

The non-linear governing differential equations of immovably simply supported functionally graded material (FGM) rod subjected to thermal loads were derived. The thermal post-buckling behaviors of FGM rod made of ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4Vwere analyzed by shooting method. Firstly, the thermal post-buckling equilibrium paths of the FGM rod with different gradient index in the uniform temperature field were plotted, and compared with the behaviors of the homogeneous rods made of ZrO2 and Ti-6A1-4V materials, respectively. For given value of end rotation angles, the influence of gradient index on the thermal post-buckling behaviors of FGM rod was discussed. Secondly, the thermal post-buckling characteristics of the FGM rod were analyzed when the temperature difference parameter is changed while the bottom temperature parameter remains constant, and when the bottom temperature parameter is changed while the temperature difference parameter remains constant, and compared with the characteristics of the two homogeneous material rods.     

热/机械载荷下功能梯度材料矩形厚板的弯曲行为

采用Reddy高阶剪切板理论，考虑材料物性参数随坐标和温度变化的特性，研究在均匀变化的温度场内功能梯度材料矩形板在面内与横向载荷共同作用下的横向弯曲问题，基于一维DQ法和Galerkin技术，给出了一对边固支，另对边任意约束时板弯曲问题的半解析解，以Si3N4/SUS304板为例考察了材料组份，温度场，面内载荷及边界约束条件等对功能梯度材料板弯曲行为的影响。