沈阳不同城市森林类型物种多样性分析

利用样方法调查了沈阳市5种城市森林类型200个样方的木本植物分布,对其物种多样性进行分析,结果表明:沈阳城区的物种多样性以风景游憩林最高,并且与其他类型相比存在极显著差异;附属林的多样性表现次之,与其他类型相比存在显著差异;道路林、生态公益林和生产经营林之间的物种多样性之间没有极显著差异,但存在部分显著差异,其中生态公益林的物种多样性最低。沈阳城市森林各类型之间树木分布较为均匀,各类型间存在的差异主要取决于物种的丰富度。     

河北雾灵山典型森林群落物种多样性研究

在对雾灵山自然保护区9个代表林分物种多样性详细调查的基础上,运用多种群落多样性指数对其群落的物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:各群落在乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种多样性指数均呈现出一定的差异。乔木层物种多样性、P ielou均匀度指数和丰富度指数变化趋势呈一致性。灌木层和草本层均出现不一致性,主要是因为各林分起源不同,天然林群落是由处于不同发育阶段、具有不同组成结构、大小不同的众多斑块镶嵌而成的,是一个健康的生态系统。人工林群落的生物多样性很低,使人工林群落无论在活力、组织结构和恢复能力等诸方面,均表现出系统的不健康特点。     

甘肃连城自然保护区8种主要森林类型的植物物种多样性研究

应用调查所获的物种丰富度指数(S)、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数研究分析了甘肃连城国家级自然保护区8种主要森林类型的植物物种多样性特征.研究结果表明:8种主要森林类型乔、灌、草3层植物物种多样性最高的类型是红桦林、青杄林和祁连圆柏林;在其不同的森林层次上,物种丰富度指数S、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现出乔木层＜灌木层＜草本层的特点;8种主要森林类型乔木层的Shannon-Wiener指数随其垂直分布海拔高度的变化不明显,而灌木层和草本层的Shannon-Wiener指数总体呈现出随垂直分布海拔高度的上升先升后降的规律,即其最高值出现在此几种主要森林类型垂直分布的中段.     

钱塘江流域森林群落物种多样性与土壤因子的关系

对钱塘江流域不同林分的4个物种多样性指数和9个土壤指标进行回归分析。结果表明:全磷、速效钾与乔木层各指数有显著负相关关系(P<0.05),有效磷与乔木层Simpson指数有显著负相关关系(P<0.05),水解性氮与草本层Shannon-Wiener指数、Gleason指数有显著正相关关系(P<0.05),速效钾与草本层Gleason指数有显著正相关关系(P<0.05);逐步回归分析表明,土壤全磷、速效钾对钱塘江流域植被物种多样性影响较大。     

句容市仑山典型森林群落物种多样性特征

采用典型样地取样法,对句容市仑山典型森林植被进行了调查。仑山森林植被发现有维管植物90科200属350种,其中,裸子植物5科12属17种,被子植物79科180属325种,蕨类植物6科8属8种。该森林为人为干扰后形成的天然次生林,部分地段为人工林,依据主要树种组成可划分为6种森林群落类型:马尾松+构树+冬青混交林、落叶栎林、盐肤木林、枫杨林、杉木林和竹林。群落类型不同,植物物种的丰富度、多样性指标存在一定的差异。由于种群竞争以及人为干扰、有害生物入侵等外界因素的影响,部分森林群落出现退化,应因地制宜地采取抚育措施对森林进行结构改造,促使仑山森林植被朝着健康、稳定、和谐的方向发展。     

东莞主要天然森林群落的物种多样性研究

采用样方法对广东省东莞市12个不同类型天然森林群落的物种组成和多样性进行测算,结果表明,12个群落的物种丰富度为54～147种,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.44～4.08,Pielous均匀度指数为58.08%～86.28%,Simpson指数为0.03～0.24.物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数...     

三江源自然保护区主要森林群落物种多样性研究

应用典型抽样法研究了三江源自然保护区4个主要森林群落的物种多样性,采用多种测度方法计算了各森林群落的α多样性和β多样性.结果表明:(1)青海云杉林、川西云杉林、紫果云杉林、大果圆柏林内部,3个层片间物种丰富度和物种多样性都表现为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层,反映了三江源自然保护区主要林区森林群落层片的物种多样性分布格局;(2)乔木层物种多样性从高到低依次为青海云杉林＞紫果云杉林＞大果圆柏林＞川西云杉林,主要与群落分布的地理位置、海拔等环境因子和建群种生态学特性有关;(3)灌木层物种多样性,分布在阴坡地段的青海云杉林、川西云杉林和紫果云杉林差别不大,但都比分布在阳坡地段的大果圆柏林高,主要与阳坡早春树木生理干旱和放牧有关;(4)草本层物种多样性从高到低的顺序基本与灌木层相反,分布在阳坡的大果圆柏林草本层物种多样性高于分布在阴坡群落中的物种多样性;(5)β多样性表明,紫果云杉林与川西云杉林之间在物种多样性组成方面相似性最大;大果圆柏林和川西云杉林物种组成多样性的相似性位居第二;大果圆柏林和青海云杉林之间的物种多样性相似系数最低,可见,森林群落物种组成相似性程度,首先取决于群落建群种生态幅的宽窄,其次与建群种之间的生态学特性和生物学特性有关.     

豫西山区森林群落结构与物种多样性研究

对栾川、卢氏两地不同森林群落的类型、种类组成与结构,以及物种多样性等进行了分析,结果表明:群落的物种组成比较丰富,在生活型组成上以地上芽植物所占比例较大,物种多样性指数的顺序是阔叶林>混交林>针叶林,通过多样性指数和均匀度指数的分析可以较为客观的评价群落的稳定性。     

三峡库区森林生态系统物种多样性定量分析

对三峡库区生物多样性进行定量描述既是现状评价的基础,也是影响预测的基础,更是当前森林经营者将生物多样性纳入规划和决策过程中急需解决的问题。本文根据三峡库区监测样地生物多样性物种调查数据,结合资源调查小班因子与地形环境等因子,分别构建基于区域尺度的三峡库区物种丰度指数、物种多样性指数以及均匀度指数等物种多样性定量指标体系及评价模型,直观地反映三峡库区宏观尺度上的物种的丰度、变化程度或均匀度,揭示森林生态系统的组成与结构的基本差异,较为客观地反映了群落的真实情况,从而为森林生态系统的健康管理提供了量化依据。     

马鞍山市不同城市森林类型树种组成及多样性

我国已进入城市化高速发展阶段,在城市人口迅速增加、城市规模不断扩大的同时,人们对人居环境质量特别是对城市自然环境的要求愈来愈高.     

森林类型对大气中PM2.5值的影响

从2014年9月开始到2015年8月,在长沙市郊湖南省林业科学院杜家冲试验林场选择不同森林类型林分,对其大气中PM2.5持续监测1年。结果表明:该区大气中PM2.5值最高的为阔叶混交林,其次为2个空旷地,最低的为樟树林;大气中PM2.5值在不同林分间差异不显著,在不同时间段间差异显著。     

针阔混交林不同林分的树种多样性研究

在针阔混交林的不同林分中设置标准地,调查、研究树种的多样性及其组成。结果表明,在长白山系张广才岭支脉断块中山地貌条件下,当坡向一致、海拔高度相差不大时,不同针阔混交林林分中乔木树种多样性的差异不大,树种种类变动于19~21种之间;但不同林分的树种组成和优势树种有较大差别。这种状况预示着不同林分的演替方向会发生分化。     

Tree species diversity and stand structure along major community types in lowland primary and secondary moist deciduous forests in Tripura, Northeast India

Tree species diversity and population structure at different community types were described and analyzed for primary and secondary lowland moist deciduous forests in Tripura.Overall 10,957 individual trees belonging to 46 family,103 genera and 144 species were counted at ≥30 cm DBH(diameter at breast height) using 28 permanent belt transects with a size of 1 ha(10 m × 1000 m).Four different tree communities were identified.The primary forests was dominated by Shorea robusta(mean density 464.77 trees ha-1,105 species) and Schima wallichii(336.25 trees ha-1,82 species),while the secondary forests was dominated by Tectona grandis(333.88 trees ha-1,105 species) and Hevea brasiliensis(299.67 trees ha-1,82 species).Overall mean basal area in this study was 18.01m 2 ·ha-1 ;the maximum value was recorded in primary Shorea forest(26.21 m 2 ·ha-1).Mean density and diversity indices were differed significantly within four different communities.No significant differences were observed in number of species,genera,family and tree basal cover area.Significant relationships were found between the species richness and different tree population groups across the communities.Results revealed that species diversity and density were increased in those forests due to past disturbances which resulted in slow accumulation of native oligarchic small tree species.Seventeen species were recorded with <2 individuals of which Saraca asoka(Roxb.) de Wilde and Entada phaseoloides(L.) Merr.etc.extensively used in local ethno-medicinal formulations.The present S.robusta Gaertn dominated forest was recorded richer(105 species) than other reported studies.Moraceae was found more speciose family instead of Papilionaceae and Euphorbiaceae than other Indian moist deciduous forests.Seasonal phenological gap in such moist deciduous forests influenced the population of Trachypithecus pileatus and capped langur.The analysis of FIV suggested a slow trend of shifting the population of Lamiaceae group by Moraceae species in secondary T.grandis L.dominated community.     

辽东山区次生林植物物种多样性研究

通过对辽东山区18块样地的调查及数据处理,计算出各样地乔木、灌木、草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Gini均匀度指数和Simpson多样性指数。从调查及分析结果来看,在本研究区域内,海拔高度对调查区域内的物种多样性影响不大,郁闭度、坡向、坡度对物种多样性有一定影响。     

基于物种多样性的杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度及混交比例研究

以金洞林场杉木纯林、杉木-闽楠混交林为研究对象,对不同密度和混交比例的林分进行研究,将物种多样性指数作为衡量林分密度和混交比例是否合理的参考指标,为人工混交林的经营提供理论依据。采用典型抽样法,按其混交比例分为类型Ⅰ(10杉)、类型Ⅱ(9杉1楠)、类型Ⅲ(7杉3楠)、类型Ⅳ(5杉5楠)4种类型设置典型样地,同种类型林分设置3个密度等级,低密度(A:600~1000株/hm^2)、中密度(B:1200~1600株/hm^2)、高密度(C:2000~2400株/hm^2),对比分析其林下植被物种组成及多样性差异。结果表明:从类型Ⅰ至类型Ⅳ随着闽楠比例的增加其林下植被的物种数增加。林下灌木及草本Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数表现为类型Ⅳ>类型Ⅲ>类型Ⅱ>类型Ⅰ。林分密度及混交比例与林下灌木及草本层的物种多样性指数呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著相关关系(P<0.01);拟合曲线表明林下植被Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Patrick丰富度指数达峰值时的闽楠比例为0.465~0.506,即闽楠比例在46.5%~50.6%之间其林下植被物种多样性达到最大值。物种多样性指数与密度及混交比例均具有显著或极显著相关关系,可将物种多样性作为确定杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度和混交比例的因子之一。当前阶段,金洞林场杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度为1200~1600株/hm^2,杉木与闽楠的株数比例控制在0.97~1.10之间。     

Effects of selection cutting on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Fujian, southern China

The short-term effects of selection cutting of different intensities on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Fujian Province were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that selection cutting of low and medium intensities caused little variation in the forest structure. After cutting, the dominant species retained their leading status in the community. However, the community structure changed significantly following selection cutting of high and extra-high intensities;the status of the dominant species of the community declined dramatically. Some tree species began to disappear from the sampling plots. Except for extra-high intensity cutting, the diversity of tree species did not change significantly for the other three cutting intensities. However, the evenness of the stands was very different among the four kinds of cutting plots. For low and medium intensity selection cutting, the evenness declined slightly. For extra-high intensity selection cutting, the evenness increased to some extent,which might be due to a more even distribution of tree species after cutting. Cutting operations resulted in some adverse reactions to development of arborous species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest, particularly serious damage to the forest canopy. But the rational selection cuttings, which may benefit the restoration and maintenance of species diversity over a long period and may come about from the variations in environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature and humidity.     

Effects of selection cutting on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broa-leaved forest in northern Fujian, southern China

The short-term effects of selection cutting of different intensities on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Fujian Province were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that selection cutting of low and medium intensities caused little variation in the forest structure. After cutting, the dominant species retained their leading status in the community. However, the community structure changed significantly following selection cutting of high and extra-high intensities; the status of the dominant species of the community declined dramatically. Some tree species began to disappear from the sampling plots. Except for extra-high intensity cutting, the diversity of tree species did not change significantly for the other three cutting intensities. However, the evenness of the stands was very different among the four kinds of cutting plots. For low and medium intensity selection cutting, the evenness declined slightly. For extra-high intensity selection cutting, the evenness increased to some extent, which might be due to a more even distribution of tree species after cutting. Cutting operations resulted in some adverse reactions to development of arborous species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest, particularly serious damage to the forest canopy. But the rational selection cuttings, which may benefit the restoration and maintenance of species diversity over a long period and may come about from the variations in environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature and humidity.     

Effects of different forest practices on Pinus tabulaeformis population dynamics and species diversity in the Huanglongshan forest region

Three Pinus tabulaeformis populations which experienced tending, shelterwood cutting, and closed tending were separately investigated to study the effects of these three forest practices on the age structures, static life tables, survivorship curves, and species diversities of P. tabulaeformis populations in Huanglongshan Mountain. Time sequence model was adopted to predict the dynamic population numbers of different P. tabulaeformis populations with different forest practices. The results revealed that the three populations are essentially identical in population structure, their young and old individuals make up a small proportion and their mid-aged individuals make up a large proportion and consequentially P. tabulaeformis populations generally stand stable. In the P. tabulaeformis communities with three tending practices, the highest species abundance index appears with tending and shelterwood cutting and the highest evenness index and species diversity appears with closed tending. The P. tabulaeformis populations with tending and shelterwood cutting practices belong to one developmental type and the P. tabulaeformis populations with closed tending practices belong to a stable type. It indicated that in the future, closed tending as the major practice and tending and shelterwood cutting as the supporting practices should be applied for P. tabulaeformis populations in Huanglongshan Mountain so that the communities will develop continuously. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2006, 26(5): 1,007–1,013 [译自: 西北植物学报]     

Structure and species diversity of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Okinawa Island, Japan

The structure and tree species diversity of a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Okinawa Island, Japan, were studied. Enumeration of the six sampling plots revealed an average density of 5,580 individuals with DBH≧3.0 cm/ha, having an average basal area of 55 m². The large-size trees of DBH≧20 cm contributed 10% of the total individuals, and 49% of the total basal area. The forest showed a high diversity of tree species, which is comparable to some tropical rain forests. A total of 54 over-story species of 24 families and a total of 63 understory species of 26 families were identified in the six sampling plots. Fagaceae and Theaceae were the most important families;Castanopsis sieboldii, Schima wallichii andDistylium racemosum were the most important species. The diversity index and equitability index of species were 4.15 and 0.72 for the overstory plots, and 4.72 and 0.79 for the understory subplots, respectively. The diversity index for the overstory was significantly correlated to the total basal area of trees over 20 cm DBH (p<0.05) and the importance value ofC. sieboldii (p<0.001), while for understory, the diversity index was not correlated to the structural parameters (allp>0.16). The size distribution pattern and age structure indicated differences in regeneration strategies for canopy dominants. In population dynamics of the succession process,C. sieboldii andD. racemosum were self-maintaining types, andS. wallichii was a gap- or opening-dependent type. This study was made possible by support from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Sciences, Sports and Culture, which provided a Monbusho scholarship to X.N. Xu.     

浙江莲都区公益林森林类型动态变化研究

利用莲都区2004年界定的3.5万hm2重点公益林于2001年和2011年的规划调查和监测复查数据进行对比分析,结果表明,针叶林面积以每年2.5%速度向其它森林类型转变,面积比重由77%调整到58%;单位面积蓄积量年均净增率针叶林6.1%阔叶林3.5%针阔混交林2.4%;郁闭度≥0.5的林分面积由67.3%提高到92.6%,成过熟林的面积由9.1%提高到30.9%,提高幅度针叶林针阔混交林阔叶林。基于分析出的动态变化特征,为公益林下步按森林类型分类建设与管理提供科学依据。