Fatty Acid Composition of Newer Seed Oils

In the course of our search for new sources of oil, fatty acid compositions of the seed oils of 18 species belonging to three families are reported. Five species from Sterculiaceae, one species from Cucurbitaceae and twelve species from Sapindaceae were analysed. Linoleic acid predominated (43.4–76.2%) in the component fatty acids of all the oils followed by oleic (9.7–23.3%) and palmitic (8.4–14.7%) acids.     

Cyclopropenoid and Fatty Acid Composition of Kydia calycina Seed Oil

The seed oil of Kydia calycina is found to contain the following acids (Wt%): Lauric 3.7, myristic 6.0, palmitic 4.9, stearic 11.4, arachidic 2.8, behenic 2.5, oleic 60.6, linoleic 5.3, and cyclopropenoid fatty acid content 2.9.     

Minor Seed Oils II: Fatty Acid Composition of Some Seed Oils

Three seed oils, Achyranthes aspera, Cucumis callosus and Aberia caffra were examined and were found to contain the following acids (wt%): lauric (0.4,-, 0.2), myristic (1.2, 0.6, 0.9), palmitic (18.6, 10.6, 25.9), stearic (4.4, 10.0, 3.9), arachidic (1.6, 1.6, 1.2), behenic (1.8, 0.6, 0.5), oleic (22.6, 17.5, 19.3), linoleic (49.4, 59.1, 48.1) respectively.     

Cyclopropenoids and Fatty Acid Composition of Five Varieties of Cotton Seed Oils

Five varieties of cotton seed oils from Jayadhar, Bhagya, Mysore Vijaya, Hampi and 170 CO₂ have been analysed for their fatty acid content and the results (Wt.%) are in the following range: Myristic 0.8–1.1; Palmitic 23.0–23.9; Stearic 2.7–4.2; Arachidic 0.3–0.7; Behenic 0.3–1.4; Oleic 11.9–22.8; Linoleic 47.5–58.1; and Cyclopropenoid acids 0.6–2.1. The oil content and iodine value from 20.2–22.5 percent and 104.3–115.3 respectively. Protein content ranges from 24.8–48.4 percent.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Swietenia Mahagoni Seed Oil by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Swietenia mahagoni a timber tree of Meliacea family has been determined by gas-liquid chromatography with prior fractionation of the mixed methylesters by urea adduct formation. Of the thirty fatty acids detected and estimated the quantity of the unsaturated acid mainly oleic, linoleic and linolenic amounted to 72% of the total indicating that the oil is a semi-drying one. A number of old carbon fatty acid though in small quantities were found to be present in the oil.     

Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Content of the Leptocephalus Larva of Tropical Eels

The leptocephalus larva of eels distinguishes the elopomorph fishes from all other bony fishes. The leptocephalus is long lived and increases in size primarily through the synthesis and deposition of glycosaminoglycans. Energy stored during the larval stage, in the form of glycosaminoglycan and lipids, is required to fuel migration, metamorphosis and metabolism of the subsequent glass eel stage. Despite the importance of energy storage by leptocephali for survival and recruitment, their diet, condition and lipid content and composition is essentially unknown. To gain further insight into energy storage and condition of leptocephali, we determined the lipid class and fatty acid concentration of larvae collected on a cross-shelf transect off Broome, northwestern Australia. The total lipid concentration of two families and four sub-families of leptocephali ranged from 2.7 to 7.0 mg g wet weight(-1), at the low end of the few published values. Phospholipid and triacylglycerol made up ca. 63 % of the total lipid pool. The triacylglycerol:sterol ratio, an index of nutritional condition, ranged from 0.9 to 3.7, indicating that the leptocephali were in good condition. The predominant fatty acids were 16:0 (23 mol%), 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 16 mol%), 18:0 (8.2 mol%), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, 6.7 mol%), 18:1n-9 (6.4 mol%) and 16:1n-7 (6.3 mol%). The DHA:EPA ratio ranged from 2.4 to 2.9, sufficient for normal growth and development of fish larvae generally. The leptocephali had proportions of bacterial markers >4.4 %, consistent with the possibility that they consume appendicularian houses or other marine snow that is bacteria rich.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Irvingia gabonensis and Treculia africana Seed Lipids and Phospholipids

Lipid compositions of two non-conventional oilseeds (Irvingia gabonensis and Treculia africana) were studied. Total lipids were extracted by the Folch method and phospholipids were isolated by solid phase extraction. Fatty acid compositions of total lipids and phospholipids were determined by gas chromatography. Phospholipid classes and tocopherols were quantified by HPLC. The major fatty acids in I. gabonensis seed total lipids were myristic (41.4–48.9 %) and lauric (39.8–46.8 %) while those in T. africana seed were linoleic (29.1–31.4 %) and oleic (22.9–25.9 %). The principal fatty acid at the sn-2 position of I. gabonensis seed triacylglycerols was myristic (49.5 %) while that of T. africana was linoleic (50.6 %). Phospholipid content of crude T. africana seed oil was 3.3 % and that of I. gabonensis was 0.1–0.3 %. The composition and distribution of saturated fatty acids in I. gabonensis seed lipids suggest that it may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk factors among the Igbo people in Nigeria that use the seed as food ingredient.     

Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Seed Oil

The physicochemical and fatty acid compositions of seed oil extracted from Thunbergia fragrans were determined. The oil content, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and iodine value were 21.70 %, 2.25 % (as oleic acid), 9.6 (mequiv. O₂/kg), 191.71 (mg KOH/g) and 127.84 (g/100 g oil) respectively. The fatty acid profiles of the methyl esters showed the presence of 90.16 % unsaturated fatty acids and 9.84 % saturated fatty acids. Palmitoleic acid, which is usually found in marine foods and is unique in seed oils of botanical origin, was the major component (79.24 %). The oil can also be used in industries for the preparation of liquid soaps, shampoos and alkyd resin.     

气相色谱-质谱联用分析美藤果油脂肪酸组成

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法提取美藤果种子中的脂肪油,甲酯化后运用GC-MS联用技术对其中的脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:采用超临界CO2萃取法提取美藤果种子脂肪油得率为48.75%,所得脂肪油中含有11种脂肪酸,主要为亚麻酸(46.38%)、亚油酸(34.19%)、棕榈酸(10.89%)和硬脂酸(7.60%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达81.18%以上,表明美藤果种子富含不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

Fatty Acid Composition of Winged Bean Seed Oil (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Winged bean seeds (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) were shown to contain 14.4% of oil on a dry weight basis. Fractionation of this oil by silicic acid column chromatography showed 72.7% neutral lipids, 2.8% of glycolipids and 24.5% of phospholipids. Fatty acid composition of total lipid, neutral and glycolipid showed palmitic acid (12.2-14.0%), stearic acid (3.5-4.3%), oleic acid (36-39%) and linoleic acid (39-42%) as major fatty acids. The phospholipid fraction was slightly different from the rest in containing higher palmitic and lower oleic and linoleic acids.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Non-Starch and Starch Neutral Lipid Extracts of Portuguese Sourdough Bread

Fatty acids in each neutral lipid (NL) class from non-starch (NSL) and starch lipids (SL) were quantified in maize and rye flours, and sourdough—to ascertain the effect of mixing, and between sourdough and broa (a traditional Portuguese sourdough bread)—to assess the effect of fermentation. Maize and rye flour lipid extracts showed distinct fatty acid profiles. Maize flour exhibited a higher amount of most fatty acid species and of total NL—where triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FA) represented the dominant NL. The fatty acid profiles varied throughout breadmaking (i.e. from the mixture of flours with water, through fermentation until baking): in NSL, the highest concentrations were found in the flour mixture (i.e. 59?% of maize and 41?% of rye flour) or sourdough, whereas in SL they were found in broa; additionally, SL levels increased, and NSL levels decreased during dough preparation and baking. Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids were the major fatty acids in all food items. Cumulative percentages of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 in NSL and SL were over 81 and 75?%, respectively, in the flour mixture, 86 and 66?% in sourdough, and 83 and 82?% in broa. In particular, C18:2 accounted for 52?% of the total fatty acids. The content of sterol esters remained essentially constant throughout fermentation and baking; those of TAG decreased from flours to fermentation, while diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol increased; the NL fractions were essentially unaffected by baking, yet their FA contents increased.     

Lipid Profile and Fatty Acid Composition of Moth Bean (Vigna aconitefolia) Seeds

The seeds of moth bean (Vigna aconitefolia) were found to contain 4.5 % of lipid. Fractionation of this lipid by silicic acid column chromatography yielded 44.5 % neutral lipids (NL), 23.4 % glycolipids (GL) and 32.1 % phospholipids (PL). Fatty acid composition of the total lipid and lipid fractions showed that palmitic acid (37.3-54.7 %), stearic acid (7.8-8.0%) oleic acid (6.8-13.9 %) linoleic acid (23.1-35.6 %) and linolenic acid (3.0-10.0%) are the major fatty acids. The phospholipid fraction was found to be different from the rest in containing higher palmitic acid (54.7%) and lower unsaturated fatty acids.     

Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Khat (Catha edulis) Seed Oil

The proximate, physicochemical, and fatty acid compositions of seed oil extracted from khat (Catha edulis) were determined. The oil, moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude carbohydrate, and ash content in seeds were 35.54, 6.63, 24, 1.01, 30.4 %, and 1.32 g/100 g DW respectively. The free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value, and iodine value were 2.98 %, 12.65 meq O₂/kg, 190.60 mg KOH/g, and 145 g/100 g oil, respectively. Linolenic acid (C_18:3, 50.80 %) and oleic (C_18:1, 16.96 %) along with palmitic acid (C_16:0, 14.60 %) were the dominant fatty acids. The seed oil of khat can be used in industry for the preparation of liquid soaps and shampoos. Furthermore, high levels of unsaturated fatty acids make it an important source of nutrition especially as an animal product substitute for omega‐3 fatty acids owing to the high content of linolenic acid.     

Tomato Seed Oil I Fatty Acid Composition,Stability and Hydrogenation of the Oil

Tomato seed oil was investigated to study their components of fatty acids, stability and hydrogenation conditions. The estimation of the fatty acids of tomato seed oil from Ace variety and tomato seed oil extracted from local waste in comparison with cotton seed oil (the most familiar edible oil in Egypt) - Giza 69 variety - extracted by n-hexane and oil obtained by pressing shows that more than 50% of the total fatty acids are linoleic. Palmitic acid was found in a range between 20% to 29% and oleic acid was in a range between 13% to 18%. Other fatty acids like stearic, arachidic, and linolenic acid were less than 3%. The induction periods (at 100°C) for oils of fresh, roasted and stored tomato seeds were found to be 7, 10, and 5 hours respectively. The hydrogenation conditions of crude tomato seed oil were 180°C, 3 kg/cm² and 0.2% nickel catalyst for three hours of hydrogenation to reach a melting point of 50.7°C and an iodine value of 42.     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成.用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成.结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29.2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为:油酸(45.37％)、亚油酸(30.68％)、棕榈酸(13.60％)和硬脂酸(8.94％),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76.29％.番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

The Fatty Acid Composition of the Seed Oil of Peschiera australis (Apocynaceae)

The seed oil of Peschiera australis (Apocynaceae) was analyzed for its fatty acid composition by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid (75%) beside other usual compounds. The UV, IR and NMR spectroscopic data of the oil pointed to the presence of the alkaloides tabersonine and coronaridine.     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC—MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成。用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成。结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29．2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为：油酸（45．37％）、亚油酸（30．68％）、棕榈酸（13．60％）和硬脂酸（8．94％）,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76．29％。番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值。．     

Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Antiproliferative Capacity of Selected Cold-Pressed Seed Flours

Cold-pressed seed flours from pumpkin, parsley, mullein, cardamom, and milk thistle were examined for total oil, fatty acid profile of the oil, total phenolic content (TPC), scavenging activities against peroxyl (ORAC), hydroxyl (HOSC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (RDSC) radicals, and antiproliferative capacity against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The cold-pressed parsley seed flour contained a very high concentration of total oil—17.6 g/100 g flour—with primarily C18:1 fatty acid at 86.2 g/100 g fatty acids. All other flour oils had relatively high levels of saturated fats, ranging from 39.0 to 62.9 g/100 g fatty acids. The tested seed flours demonstrated significant TPC and free radical scavenging activities. Milk thistle seed flour had the highest TPC value of 25.2 mg gallic acid equivalent per g flour (GAE mg/g) followed by that of parsley seed flour at 8.1 GAE mg/g. Milk thistle seed-flour extract also had significantly higher antioxidant activities than all other extracts against all tested radicals. The milk thistle seed-flour extract had an ORAC value of 1131 μmol trolox equivalents (TE) per g flour (TE μmol/g), a HOSC value of 893 TE μmol/g, and an RDSC value of 61 TE μmol/g. Also, ORAC, HOSC, and TPC values were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) under the experimental conditions. The cold-pressed milk thistle seed flour inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Results from this study suggest that these cold-pressed seed flours may serve as natural sources of antioxidants and may be used to improve human health.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Danish Margarines

Three groups, including a total of 30 Danish margarines containing at least 10 %, 20 %, or 40 % of linoleic acid, respectively, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography using both a 50 m Sil 88 capillary column and two packed columns, SP 2330 and OV-275. The total contents of trans fatty acids ranged as follows: 3.1 %-29.0, 2.9 %-18.3 %, and 2.6 %-8.3 %, respectively, for the three groups. Only in low linoleic acid margarines significant levels of C 20- and C 22-monoenes were found, indicating that these margarines contained partially hydrogenated marine oils. In all samples, the content of trans, trans linoleic acid was less than 1 %.