机构质控员加强对药物临床试验质量控制的探讨

目的为各医院药物临床试验机构质控员如何加强临床试验质控提供参考。方法以本院机构质控员近2年在各临床试验项目质控发现的问题,并结合针对这些问题采取的质量控制措施探讨机构质控员如何加强对药物临床试验的质量控制。结果与结论机构质控员通过加强对各药物临床试验的质控管理措施,保证了药物临床试验过程的规范、结果的科学可靠与受试者的权益与安全,并为三级质控制度的有效实施起到了一定的作用。     

Putting the parts together: Combining in vitro methods to test for skin sensitizing potentials

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and is elicited by repeated skin contact with an allergen. In the regulatory context, currently only data from animal experiments are acceptable to assess the skin sensitizing potential of substances. Animal welfare and EU Cosmetic Directive/Regulation call for the implementation of animal-free alternatives for safety assessments. The mechanisms that trigger skin sensitization are complex and various steps are involved. Therefore, a single in vitro method may not be able to accurately assess this endpoint. Non-animal methods are being developed and validated and can be used for testing strategies that ensure a reliable prediction of skin sensitization potentials. In this study, the predictivities of four in vitro assays, one in chemico and one in silico method addressing three different steps in the development of skin sensitization were assessed using 54 test substances of known sensitizing potential. The predictivity of single tests and combinations of these assays were compared. These data were used to develop an in vitro testing scheme and prediction model for the detection of skin sensitizers based on protein reactivity, activation of the Keap-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and dendritic cell activation.