Na_2O—RO—SiO_2系统玻璃的电性质

一、前言 Na_2O-RO-SiO_2系统玻璃由于应用广泛而为各国科学工作者所重视,伹电性质尚未进行详尽的研究。近年来因为电真空工业的迅速发展,以及应用玻璃电性质来探讨玻璃结构工作的开展,对玻璃电导率及电导机理的研究开始受到应有的注意。 Gehlhoff和Thomas研究过Na_2O·RO·6SiO_2和K_2O·RO·6SiO_2玻璃的电阻率,得出二价金属氧化     

MgO—B2O3—SiO2系晶化分形的计算机模拟

采用两段热处理技术，利用Ｘ射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察等方法研究了ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ３系的晶化过程。晶化析出相２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３的微观形貌具有分形特征，采用密度－密度相关函数法计算其分形维数为１．６３。为揭示２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３生长机制，采用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法及改进的ＤＬＡ模型对生长过程进行计算机模拟。模拟结果与实际分形结构、分形维数相符，表明２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３生长是扩散控制凝聚过程。可     

MgO—B2O3—SiO2渣中含硼组分晶化动态研究

采用透射电子显微镜原位加热（ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ＴＥＭ）观察技术研究了非晶态ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２渣中含硼组分动态晶化过程。实验结果表明，非晶态ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２渣晶化时，首先发生分相，然后２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３晶体析出，继而３ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３晶体析出。同时也发现电子束辐射对晶化过程有很大影响。     

CaCO3—K2CO3—KCl—Na2CO3—H2O体系的一种新化合物

碳酸钙同含碳酸钠和氯化钾的浓碳酸钾溶液反应,生成实验式为CaCO_3·KCl·3(Na,K)_2CO_3·6H_2O(x≤0.25)的新化合物,此物对碳酸钾溶液提纯及进而制取无钠的钾化合物有重要意义。     

CaO—SiO2—CaSO4—CaF2—MgO体系中3C2S.3CaSO4.CaF2的形成动力学

３Ｃ２Ｓ·３ＣａＳＯ４·ＣａＦ２是水泥生产中应用ＣａＳＯ４和ＣａＦ２作为复合矿化剂时重要的中间化合物。本工作首次较完整地探讨了ＭｇＯ存在时３Ｃ２Ｓ·３ＣａＳＯ４·ＣａＦ２的形成动力学，发现ＭｇＯ的存在降低了反应的活化能，提高了反应组元的扩散速率，促进了３Ｃ２Ｓ·３ＣａＳＯ４·ＣａＦ２的形成。     

MgO—Al2O3—SiO2系统玻璃的表面晶化

本文采用DTA、XRD,SEM等测试手段详细地研究了MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系统玻璃的表面晶化过程。发现在玻璃的自由表面层中析出了密集的β石英固溶体结晶粒子,靠近该结晶粒子群的玻璃相中有大小为500—1000(?)的球形分相粒子群出现,其数量随表面深度的增加逐渐由密集、连续的分布过渡为呈指数规律减小的分布状态,而且分相粒子的大小与深度无关。而研磨表面的结晶层则由α堇青石、β石英固溶体、透锂长石型MgO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2晶体三种晶相组成,并呈树枝状向玻璃内部长大,靠近结晶层的玻璃相中也没有球形分相粒子群出现。在950℃下热处理的玻璃中,β石英固溶体和MgO·Al-2O_3·SiO_2晶体的析出量均随热处理时间的延长有极大值出现,而α堇青石的析出量则一直随时间的延长而增大。     

富Al2O3区域CaO行为的研究

本应用Ｄ／Ｍａｘ－３ＢＸ－射线衍射，热分析等方法研究了赋存于α－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３粉体中的含钙矿物于１００℃至１６００℃煅烧过程中的行为。在α－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３煅烧过程中，伴随着含钙矿物的热转化及固相反应，历经１２ＣａＯ·７Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ·２Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ·６Ａｌ２Ｏ３，最终ＣａＯ·６Ａｌ２Ｏ３与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３共存，本并提供了ＣａＯ·６Ａｌ２Ｏ３的Ｘ射线粉末衍射数据。研究     

分要对Na2O·CaO·2P2O5玻璃水解性的影响

运用化学分析和ＳＥＭ－ＥＤＸＡ等测试方法，研究了Ｎａ２Ｏ·ＣａＯ·２Ｐ２Ｏ５玻璃的分相形貌、分相组成与水解性关系。研究结果表明：玻璃分相形貌对玻璃的水解性有决定作用。分相有利于玻璃的生物活性．     

(NH4)2C2O4·H2O和NH4HC2O4·0.5H2O 单晶的培养研究

利用六次甲基四胺缓慢水解产生的NH3和草酸反应,扩散法培养出(NH4)2C2O4·H2O和NH4HC2O4·0.5H2O两种单晶.     

Al2O3—ZrO2—SiO2系相图结构特征的研究

按照Al_2O_3/SiO_2比值,在Cevales给出的Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2系的无变量点附近选择了6个组成,对其进行了熔体自然冷却、缓冷和淬冷析晶试验,并对析晶后的试样进行了XRD、SEM和EDAX分析,结果表明:(1)相平衡关系与Cevales给出的Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2系相图的结构特征吻合得很好,其无变量点为低共熔点;(2)莫来石晶相的Al_2O_3/SiO_2比值波动于A_3S_2-A_(?-7)S之间,与Aramaki和Roy测定的Al_2O_3-SiO_2系莫来石稳态固溶体的Al_2O_3上限含量为74.3％是一致的;(3)析晶的单一莫来石晶相的EDAX能谱中不存在Zr谱线,ZrO_2在莫来石中的固溶问题,应进一步研究。     

Porous Glass-Ceramic in the CαO–TiO2–P2O5 System

A porous glass-ceramic in the CaO–TiO₂—P₂O₅ system has been prepared by crystallization and subsequent chemical leaching of the corresponding glass. By applying a two-step heat treatment to 45CaO · 25TiO₂· 30P₂O₅ glasses containing a few mol% of Na₂O, volume crystallization results in the formation of dense glass-ceramics composed of CaTi₄(PO₄)₆ and β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ phases. By leaching the resultant glass ceramics with HCI, β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is selectively dissolved out, leaving a crystalline CaTi₄(PO₄)₆ skeleton. The surface area and mean pore radius of the porous glass-ceramics were approximately 40 m²/g and 13 nm, respectively.     

固态Si颗粒在Na2O-CaO-SiO2多孔微晶玻璃中氧化的均匀性

加入固态Si颗粒为Na2O?CaO?SiO2(NCS)多孔微晶玻璃配合料的气泡成核质点以调控孔结构,研究了固态Si颗粒在NCS配合料形成熔体过程中的氧化行为,用ANSYS模型模拟了NCS多孔微晶玻璃配合料的热场分布. 结果表明,固态Si颗粒在NCS熔体形成过程中的氧化始于650℃,固态Si颗粒具有促进NCS配合料热场均匀分布的作用,且在NCS熔体形成过程中氧化程度相同,氧化过程不会影响NCS多孔微晶玻璃孔径分布的均匀性.     

Porous Glass-Ceramics with a Skeleton of the Fast-Lithium-Conducting Crystal Li1+xTi2−xAlx(PO4)3

Porous glass-ceramics with a skeleton of the fast-lithium-conducting crystal Li_{1+ x} Ti_{2− x} Al _x (PO₄)₃ (where x = 0.3–0.5) were prepared by crystallization of glasses in the Li₂O─CaO─TiO₂─Al₂O₃–P₂O₅ system and subsequent acid leaching of the resulting dense glass-ceramics composed of the interlocking of Li_{1+ x} Ti_{2− x} Al _x (PO₄)₃ and β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ phases. The median pore diameter and surface area of the resulting porous Li_{1+ x} Ti_{2− x} Al _x (PO₄)₃ glass-ceramics were approximately 0.2 μm and 50 m²/g, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the porous glass-ceramics after heating in LiNO₃ aqueous solution was 8 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm at 300 K or 2 × 10⁻² S/cm at 600 K.     

A301型氨合成催化剂物理化学性能

系统研究了A301型氨合成催化剂还原前、后的物化性能和宏观结构,并与传统熔铁催化剂作了比较.研究结果表明,催化剂的比表面积和孔结构是在还原脱氧过程中产生的,还原前的催化剂可视为无孔隙的致密固体.A301的比表面积和α-Fe晶粒度与A110-2相同,但α-Fe表面积和碱表面积比A110-2小,而酸表面积比A110-2大.A301的堆密度和颗粒密度均比A110-2大,但真密度比A110-2小.A301催化剂的孔容积、孔隙率和孔径都比传统催化剂小,这与Nielsen A的研究结果不一致.Fe_(1-x)O对基的A301催化剂活性的提高,不是因为它的比表面积或孔径增大,也不是因为它的含铁量增加,而是由于Fe_(1-x)O还原得到的α-Fe的表面性质(例如酸表面积增大)和表面结构发生变化,使比活性提高之故.     

Formation of closed pore structure in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) porous glass-ceramics via Fe2O3 modified foaming for thermal insulation

Due to the low density, low thermal conductivity and low water absorption, porous glass-ceramics have demonstrated excellent performance for thermal insulation. Closed pore structure can greatly reduce the thermal conductivity and convection as well as achieve high mechanical strength. However, yet it is difficult to realize closed pore structure due to the critical preparation condition. Here we use Fe₂O₃, which is the by-product of copper tailings, to optimize the pores structures of the porous glass-ceramics and facilitate the formation of uniform closed pore structure. The porous glass-ceramics were prepared by melting-quenching method, followed by sufficiently foaming through powder sintering route with SiC powders as foaming agent. The foaming process, micro structure, pore structure and thermal insulation performance were directly observed by heating microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray computed tomography and infrared thermal imager. The results show that the addition of Fe₂O₃ modified the depolymerization degree of the glass network and increased the numbers of non-bridged oxygen, decreasing the foaming temperature. The resultant closed pore structure showed a better thermal insulating performance than open pore structure. Accordingly, we achieved a low thermal conductivity of 0.19 W·m^?1·K^?1 with the highest specific strength of 19.55 MPa·g^?1·cm^?3 based on closed pore structure.     

Preparation of Porous Glass-Ceramics with a Skeleton of NASICON-Type Crystal CuTi2(PO4)3

A novel porous glass-ceramic with a skeleton of CuTi₂(PO₄)₃ was prepared by controlled crystallization of a glass and subsequent chemical leaching of the resulting dense glass-ceramic. A volume-crystallized dense glass-ceramic composed of CuTi₂(PO₄)₃ and Cu₃(PO₄)₂ whose surface was covered by a CuO thin layer was prepared by reheating a glass with a nominal composition of 50CuO·20TiO₂30P₂O₅ (in mol%) glass in air. When the resultant glass-ceramic was leached with dilute H₂SO₄, Cu₃(PO₄)₂ and CuO phases were dissolved out selectively, leaving a crystalline CuTi₂(PO₄)₃ skeleton. The specific surface area and the average pore radius of the porous glass-ceramic obtained were approximately 45 m₂g_-1 and 9 nm, respectively. The porous glass-ceramic showed catalytic activity in the conversion reaction of propene into acrolein.     

沸石补强硅酮建筑密封胶的应用研究

详述了用沸石和焙烧沸石作为补强剂用于制备硅酮建筑密封胶的工艺过程,分析了粉体用量对密封胶热稳定性、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、干燥时间的影响;用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、氮气吸附—脱附等温测试（BET）和脱附孔径测试（BJH）方法对沸石和焙烧沸石的微观形貌、物相、比表面积、孔容和孔径进行了表征;研究结果表明它们是一种具有多孔结构的铝硅酸盐矿物,主要成分KNa2Ca2(Si29Al7)O72和K(Si3Al)O8,孔径分别为10nm和14nm,孔体积0.4655cc/g和0.5871cc/g,比表面积153.6m2/g和191.4m2/g,孔径分布宽、孔体积和比表面积大有利于补强,焙烧沸石的补强性优于沸石,揭示了它们的补强作用是硅烷偶联剂表面改性、孔道效应和锚固效应共同作用的结果。     

Microporous Glass-Ceramics in NASICON-Type Copper(II) Titanium Phosphate

A novel porous glass-ceramic with a skeleton of a NASICON-type copper(II) titanium phosphate was prepared via the controlled crystallization of a glass and the subsequent chemical leaching of the resulting dense glass-ceramic. A volume-crystallized dense glass-ceramic comprised of CuTi₂(PO₄)₃ and Cu₃(PO₄)₂, whose surface was covered by a thin layer of CuO, was prepared by reheating a glass with a nominal composition of 50CuO20TiO₂30P₂O₅ (in mol%) in air. When the resulting glass-ceramic was leached with dilute HCl, the Cu₃(PO₄)₂ and CuO phases were dissolved out selectively, and a cuprous NASICON crystal of CuTi₂(PO₄)₃ was converted to its cupric type, CuTi₄(PO₄)₆, which was left as a skeleton of the porous materials. The specific surface area and the average pore radius of the porous glass-ceramic obtained were ∼70 m²/g and ∼7 nm, respectively. The porous glass-ceramic showed high catalytic activities for the dehydration of 2-propanol.     

沸石补强硅酮建筑密封胶的应用

考察了用沸石和焙烧沸石作为补强剂用于制备硅酮建筑密封胶的工艺过程,分析了粉体用量对密封胶热稳定性、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、干燥时间的影响;用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸-脱附等温测试(BET)和脱附孔径测试(BJH)方法对沸石和焙烧沸石的微观形貌、物相、比表面积、孔容和孔径进行了表征;研究结果表明,它们是一种具有多孔结构的铝硅酸盐矿物,主要成分分别为KNa2Ca2(Si29Al7)O72和K(Si3Al)O8,孔径分别为10.68 nm和14.02 nm,孔体积分别为0.465 5 mL/g和0.587 1 mL/g,比表面积分别为153.6 m2/g和191.4 m2/g,孔径分布宽、孔体积和比表面积大有利于补强,焙烧沸石的补强性优于沸石,揭示了它们的补强作用是硅烷偶联剂表面改性、孔道效应和锚固效应共同作用的结果。     

Porous bead polyaromatic copolymers containing ester groups. II. The influence of the preparation conditions on surface properties of copolymers

Porous bead copolymers of styrene with 4,4′-di(methacryloyloxymethyl)diphenylmethane (DMD) have been prepared. Preparation conditions (composition of the monomer mixture with an inert component) were discussed with respect to the porous properties of copolymers (the specific surface area, pore size distribution and mean pore radius).