有限元直接迭代算法及其在线源频率域电磁响应计算中的应用

采用有限元直接迭代算法实现了线源频率域测深电磁响应的二维正演计算. 首先给出了线源正演问题的有限元直接迭代格式,然后由迭代法进行求解. 在处理奇异源问题上,采用向内递推的组合网格技巧,在源点附近可进行局部加密,并实现粗细网格的对接,从而较好地解决了奇异源附近的计算问题. 还提出一种迭代求取全区视电阻率的方法,避免了远近区的划分. 通过对均匀半空间、层状介质和二维模型电磁响应的计算,获得了与大地电磁测深相似的视电阻率曲线,验证了算法的正确性;通过对计算结果的分析,在理论上说明了线源频率域近区测深的可行性.     

具有干预机制的CSAMT数据一维最优化反演

在CSAMT测深中,测深曲线往往受到电偶极源的影响而出现畸变,这给CSAMT数据的反演解释带来很大的困惑。文中依据CSAMT法在波区与MT理论相似的原理,提出用Bostick半定量结果作为CSAMT一维反演的初始模型,采用传统最小二乘算法,结合多种常识性物性变化特点,优化层参数并控制反演过程的迭代方向,使纯粹的数值迭代转化为按地球物理特征自动迭代,其结果可更好地满足物探解释需要。算例和实测数据反演表明,优化后的CSAMT一维反演方法,反演精度较高、计算速度较快,其反演结果的正演响应曲线和实测曲线拟合得很好。     

双频组合波与近区频域电磁测深

由于近区场的复杂性及背景场的干扰，多年来近区频域电磁测深一直是地球物理领域一个悬而未决的问题，并成为频域电磁测深发展的障碍。本文通过分析近区场的分布特征，并将双频组合波理论引入，提出了一种适于近区频域测深的组合波测深方案，它具有有效地压制背景场，突出地电异常信息的功能，为在近区实施频域电磁测深开辟了一条新途径。     

新疆乌什地震带断裂研究的综合地球物理方法

本文介绍了重力、磁力、大地电磁测深、地震等地球物理资料与地震相关的活动断裂的识别标志,并以新疆乌什地震带为例分析了综合各种物探资料研究活动断裂的方法。结果显示根据不同的研究目的选择合适的针对性方法可以较好的获得断裂的展布、深部或者活动性等特征。     

直流电阻率测深中对转换函数曲线的直接反演法

根据三极和对称四极直流电阻率测深的转换函数曲线性质,用大地电磁测深中BOSTICK相同的方法,导出了对电阻率转换函数曲线的直接反演公式。经过对6个模型的电阻率转换函数曲线进行反演检验,该公式虽能近似反映地电断面情况,但误差较大。本文对视电阻率测深曲线的直接反演公式进行改进,得到了另外两种精度较好的直接反演公式。同时给出了对一些例子。     

基于遗传算法CSAMT反演计算研究

提出了CSAMT方法测深的遗传算法反演,比较传统的线性反演方法,其对初始模型依赖性小,全局寻优能力强,适用于在地下电性参数比较模糊的条件下对测深曲线进行反演.本文设计多种理论模型进行模拟,证明该算法精度高,可行性强.     

弹性地球负荷潮汐应变的理论及计算

本文概述了弹性地球负荷潮汐应变的理论,研究了计算负荷勒甫数的递推算法,并对处理褶积积分的基本方法及过程作了讨论,给出了有关的工作公式。     

大地电磁阻尼粒子群优化反演法研究

粒子群优化算法（PSO）是模仿鸟群寻找食物的社会行为的一种全局最优化算法,在多维空间函数寻优、动态目标寻优等方面有着收敛速度快、解质量高且需要设置的参数较少等优点.本文在研究常规粒子群优化算法的基础上,对常规的粒子群算法进行了改进,提出了一种新的惯性权重ω参数振荡递减策略,加快了PSO算法的收敛速度,构造的新算法称为阻尼粒子群优化算法.在MATLAB 6.5 编程环境中对阻尼PSO算法进行了数值实验,并对大地电磁测深的理论模型和实测数据进行了反演试算,结果表明,阻尼PSO算法不依赖于初始模型、能够搜索到全局极值,不易陷入局部极值,是一种快速有效的地球物理反演方法.     

基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法

分析了用于时移地震互均衡处理中的传统匹配滤波算法适用范围，结果表明该方法在滤波算子的反算子为最小相位时效果最好.对该方法难以解决的混合相位问题，推导出通用公式，并提出基于最小平方误差准则和循环迭代的求解方法.理论和实际数据都验证了该方法较已有方法的优越性.     

三维电阻率测深数据Zohdy近似反演方法

Zohdy方法近似反演三维电阻率测深数据。正演计算采用有限单元法。反演初始模型由测量视电阻率数据给出。通过比较实测视电阻率值和预测模型计算的视电阻率值对数差来修改模型网格电阻率．为了解决任意电极距测深数据的反演,采用大、小双网格剖分。大网格反映地下电性分布情况。小网格用于实际有限元正演计算．在电阻率调整公式中加入一个迭代系数,能够加快收敛速度．并对加5％随机噪声的模型理论视电阻率测深断面数据进行反演,得到的电阻率分布与模型电阻率基本一致．     

遗传算法在地球物理中的应用进展

简要介绍了遗传算法的基本原理及实现步骤；论述了遗传算法在地震数据处理中的AVO波、速度参数、静校正，波阻抗等方面的应用状况；概述了该方法在重力、电法、测井及磁力等非地震勘探的研究进展；最后讨论了遗传算法的优缺点，对遗传算法的发展及其在地球物理勘探中的进一步应用作了展望。     

核磁共振找水技术的研究现状与发展趋势

近20多年来,用核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)方法形成的一种直接非侵害性的探测地下水的地球物理新技术,与传统的地球物理探测地下水的方法相比具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解的唯一性等优点,是一种很有发展前景的找水方法技术.我国的水资源短缺,对地下水资源的勘探、开发与利用十分重视,已将核磁共振找水技术研究列入国家十一五科技支撑计划.本文在广泛收集迄今为止的国内外大量资料的基础上,并根据作者近年来有关核磁共振找水技术的研究经历,综述了核磁共振找水技术的发展历史、现状和发展趋势,以推进我国核磁共振找水技术的发展.     

重力剖面和激电测深联合勘测在涡河断裂研究中的应用

为查明涡河断裂的位置、性质等参数,选择重力剖面和激电测深联合勘测方法,对指定区域进行物探勘测工作。结果表明:由密度差异引起的重力异常位置和岩石电阻率、极化率异常位置基本吻合,说明以重力剖面和激电测深为手段的联合勘测是查找断裂的有效方法。     

Nonlinearly Constrained Optimization Theory to Interpret Magnetic Anomalies Due to Vertical Faults and Thin Dikes

A new and simple method based on a nonlinearly mathematical optimization concept has been proposed in this research to interpret magnetic anomalies due to vertical faults and thin dikes. This proposed interpretative method consists of three main steps. The first step is to formulate nonlinearly constrained optimization problems to describe the geophysical problems related to the studied structures. The second step is to suggest an interior penalty function in order to convert these nonlinearly constrained optimization problems into nonlinearly unconstrained optimization ones. The third step is to solve the converted nonlinearly unconstrained optimization problems by using the famous Hooke and Jeevess algorithm in order to estimate the geophysical parameters of the studied structures such as: depth, amplitude coefficient, and index parameter. The Hooke and Jeevess algorithm is purposely chosen for being robust and also its application to magnetic data converges rapidly towards the optimal estimation of parameters. This method was first tested on theoretical models with different random noise, where a very close agreement was obtained between the assumed and evaluated parameters. The validity of this new method was also tested on practical field examples taken from Australia, India, United States, and Brazil, where available magnetic data existed and was previously analyzed by different interpretative methods. The agreement between the results obtained by our developed method and those obtained by the other geophysical methods is good. The advantages of this newly proposed method, compared with the other published interpretative methods, also have been discussed and demonstrated.     

A Robust Nonlinear Inversion for the Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Faults,Thin Dikes and Spheres Like Structure Using Stochastic Algorithms

A geophysical interpretative method is proposed to depth, amplitude coefficient (effective magnetization intensity), and index parameter (effective magnetization inclination) determination of a buried structure from magnetic field data anomaly due to a fault, a thin dike or a sphere-like structure. The method is based on the nonlinearly constrained mathematical modelling and also on the stochastic optimization approaches. The proposed interpretative method was first tested on a theoretical synthetic model with different random errors, where a very close agreement was obtained between the assumed and the evaluated parameters. The validity of this method was also tested on practical field data taken from United States, Australia, India and Brazil, where available magnetic data existed and were previously analyzed by different interpretative methods. The agreement between the results obtained by our developed method and those obtained by the other geophysical methods is good.     

Joint parameter estimation from magnetic resonance and vertical electric soundings using a multi‐objective genetic algorithm

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) has increasingly become an important method in hydrogeophysics because it allows for estimations of essential hydraulic properties such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity. A resistivity model is required for magnetic resonance sounding modelling and inversion. Therefore, joint interpretation or inversion is favourable to reduce the ambiguities that arise in separate magnetic resonance sounding and vertical electrical sounding (VES) inversions. A new method is suggested for the joint inversion of magnetic resonance sounding and vertical electrical sounding data. A one‐dimensional blocky model with varying layer thicknesses is used for the subsurface discretization. Instead of conventional derivative‐based inversion schemes that are strongly dependent on initial models, a global multi‐objective optimization scheme (a genetic algorithm [GA] in this case) is preferred to examine a set of possible solutions in a predefined search space. Multi‐objective joint optimization avoids the domination of one objective over the other without applying a weighting scheme. The outcome is a group of non‐dominated optimal solutions referred to as the Pareto‐optimal set. Tests conducted using synthetic data show that the multi‐objective joint optimization approximates the joint model parameters within the experimental error level and illustrates the range of trade‐off solutions, which is useful for understanding the consistency and conflicts between two models and objectives. Overall, the Levenberg‐Marquardt inversion of field data measured during a survey on a North Sea island presents similar solutions. However, the multi‐objective genetic algorithm method presents an efficient method for exploring the search space by producing a set of non‐dominated solutions. Borehole data were used to provide a verification of the inversion outcomes and indicate that the suggested genetic algorithm method is complementary for derivative‐based inversions.     

地下磁共振响应特征与超前探测

地下（矿井和隧道内）超前探测灾害水源是磁共振测深（Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS）方法应用的新领域,在地球物理方法中是一个难题.本文在地面磁共振探测理论的基础上,建立地下全空间模型,推导直立线圈的磁共振响应信号表达式,对比国际标准模型验证了数值计算的准确性.引入旋转系数矩阵,计算任意地磁场方向和线圈方向的激发场垂直分量.研究了磁共振响应信号与线圈法向偏角和倾角的关系,指出当线圈法向方向垂直于地磁场方向时,磁共振响应信号最大.同时,研究表明磁共振超前探测距离与激发脉冲矩和接收灵敏度紧密相关,激发脉冲矩越大,接收灵敏度越高,则超前探测距离越大,但存在极限距离.在地下线圈尺寸受限的情况下,为使检测信号灵敏度为5 nV时,超前探测距离达到30 m,提出了边长2 m线圈的匝数优化方案,共圈模式最少需要100匝,分离线圈模式最少需要10匝发射线圈和160匝接收线圈.仿真模型试验结果证明,随着噪声水平增大,磁共振超前探测距离和反演分辨率均减小.泽雅隧道探测实践表明,本文提出的地下空间磁共振理论在矿井和隧道环境中进行超前探测是可行的.     

重磁研究对认识盆地的意义

重磁方法是地球物理研究中的重要分支。它们以位场理论为基础，具有水平方向上的高分辨能力并能够提供地壳部结构的信息，从而对于研究沉积盆地的形成演化过程起着经济而有效的作用。本文给出了笔者近年来在盆地研究中应用重磁研究所得到的一些结果和它们的分析解释。     

核磁共振技术应用的新领域——探查地下水

利用核磁共振（ＮｕｃｌｅａｒＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃＲｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ缩写为ＮＭＲ）技术探查地下水仅有二十多年的历史,文中简要介绍了ＮＭＲ找水方法的发展状况,原理和方法特点,重点介绍了中国地质大学（武汉）利用ＮＭＲ找水方法在中国一些地区找水取得的成效,最后指出了ＮＭＲ找水方法的发展趋势。     

东北地区地壳上地幔结构的探测与研究

本文简要综述了近30余年来在中国东北地区开展的重力资料反演、大地电磁测深、深地震测深、地震层析成像等深部地球物理探测与研究及其在该区取得的地壳上地幔结构研究成果。