Attitude differences of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of susceptible and nonsusceptible hypnotic subjects

A form of the Semantic Differential, containing 9 concepts related to hypnosis and research, was administered to 96 hypnotically inexperienced male Ss. The Ss were later asked to volunteer for a hypnotic experiment, and the hypnotic susceptibility of all volunteers (N = 51) was then determined. Semantic Differential responses of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of highly susceptible and unhyp-notizable Ss were compared. Differences between groups, in both comparisons, were generally not statistically significant, a finding which suggests that there is no simple relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of attitudes and volunteering for hypnotic experiments or hypnotizability.     

A clinical note on indirect hypnotic therapy

Bowers, Kenneth S., &; Meichenbaum, Donald (Eds.), The Unconscious Reconsidered. New York: Wiley, 1984. Pp. xvii + 311. $35.95 U.S.     

A note on shock tolerances of real and simulating hypnotic subjects

Prior to the induction of hypnosis, Ss who later in an experiment were actually to be hypnotized selected lower criterion electric shock levels than did Ss who later were only to simulate hypnosis. This is the first quantified objective difference found to date between the behavior of Reals and Simulators.     

A note on possible limitations on the use of the harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility,form a

Early studies suggested that the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A), of Shor and E. Orne (1962), might have two limitations. Data are presented in support of these indications. The HGSHS: A may be insufficiently valid with male Ss, and may nominate quite different samples of hypnotically susceptible Ss and simulators than individually-administered forms of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1959, 1962). The prudence of Orne's (1971) proposed double-check on S-selection is thus supported.     

Electromyographic investigation of hypnotic arm levitation: differences between voluntary arm elevation and involuntary arm levitation

Thirty-three volunteers were randomly exposed to 3 conditions: hypnotic arm levitation, holding up the arm voluntarily without hypnosis, and imagined arm lifting without hypnosis. Trapezius, deltoid, extensor digitorum, flexor digitorum profundus, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii muscles were measured. Strain and muscle activity during lifting and holding up the right arm for 3 minutes were used as dependent variables. During hypnotic arm levitation, the total muscle activity was lower than during holding it up voluntarily (p < .01); the activity in the deltoid was 27% lower (p < .001). Without hypnosis, the muscle activity showed a positive correlation with strain. However, there was no such correlation in the hypnotic condition. Apparently, it is possible to reduce strain and to objectively measure muscle activity in an uplifted arm through hypnotic arm levitation.     

Relationship between personality traits, job satisfaction, and job involvement among Taiwanese community health volunteers

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between job involvement, job satisfaction, and personality traits among health volunteers in one Taiwan community. It is not easy to retain voluntary workers as part of health programs even though they have been trained. Previous research has shown that in order to increase job involvement, volunteers must effectively fulfill their needs to achieve and obtain job satisfaction. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Cross-sectional design. Surveys were mailed to 317 health volunteers at community health centers in I-lan County, northern Taiwan; 213 complete responses (67%) were received. METHODS: The survey instrument included sociodemographic items and scales measuring locus of control, achievement orientation, job involvement, and job satisfaction. RESULTS: Most respondents (94.8%) were female and their average age was 49.6 years. In terms of personality traits, most volunteers showed internal control orientation. Explainable variance for the prediction of job involvement from a combination of participation frequency, on-job training, achievement orientation, and job satisfaction was 33.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is a need to strengthen cooperative relationships among volunteers by initiating well-planned volunteer training programs and growth groups. These should involve the empowerment concept with the aim of enhancing the volunteers' interpersonal relationships and job satisfaction.     

高校特困学生人格特征研究

目的探讨特困大学生的人格特征,为做好特困大学生教育工作提供依据。方法采用16PF量表对206名特困大学生和1850名非特困大学生进行测评,并对各项人格特质评分进行对比分析。结果特困生兴奋性和怀疑性评分显著低于非特困生,而创造能力和新环境下成长能力评分显著高于非特困生(P均<0.01)。特困男生乐群性评分显著低于非特困男生,在新环境下成长能力评分显著高于非特困男生(P均<0.05);兴奋性评分极显著低于非特困男生(P<0.01)。特困男生乐群性评分显著低于特困女生,怀疑性、世故性、感情用事与安详机警型评分显著高于特困女生(P均<0.01);怯懦与果断型评分显著高于特困女生(P<0.05)。特困女生怀疑性、世故性评分显著低于非特困女生,独立性、怯懦与果断型和创造能力评分显著高于非特困女生(P均<0.05)。结论家庭经济情况会对个体的人格特征产生重要的影响,但这种影响并不一定是消极因素,表现在不同群体之间的人格特质具有差异性。     

轻中度哮喘患者与健康人的运动耐量对比研究

目的 :比较轻中度哮喘患者与健康人的运动心肺功能 ,研究运动对哮喘患者肺功能的影响 ,探讨轻中度哮喘患者提高运动耐量的可行性。方法 :采用负荷递增运动方案 ,对 2 0例轻中度哮喘患者及 2 0例健康志愿者进行了运动心肺功能试验。运动前后测一秒钟用力呼气容积 (FEV1 )、用力肺活量 (FVC)、最大呼气中段流量 (FEF 2 5 %- 75 % )、最大呼气末段流量 (FEF 75 % - 85 % )、呼气流量峰值 (PEF)等 ,运动中监测心率 (HR)、每分钟氧耗量(VO2 )、每分钟二氧化碳排出量 (VCO2 )、每分钟通气量 (VE)、氧脉搏 (O2 pulse)、呼吸频率 (BF)等。结果 :运动后 ,哮喘组与正常对照组的FVC、FEV1 、PEF、FEF 2 5 %— 75 %、FEF 75 %— 85 %均有所改善 ,有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5) ,但两组在改善的差值上无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5)。哮喘患者的最大作功、最大氧耗量 (VO2max)、最大二氧化碳排出量 (VCO2max)、最大每分钟通气量 (VEmax)均显著低于健康人 (P <0 .0 5) ,无氧阈提前出现。结论 :轻中度哮喘患者的运动能力低于健康人 ,但通过小负荷运动可改善肺功能     

老年冠心病患者个性特征及其与应对方式相关性的研究

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者的个性特征及其与应对方式的关系。方法 应用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）及医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）对246例社区居家及住院治疗的老年冠心病患者进行测试研究。结果（1）老年冠心病患者的个性倾向以中间型为主占46．3％；其次为外向型占22．4％，倾向外向型占13．8％。情绪稳定性亦以中间型为主占44．3％，其次为倾向稳定型占20．7％，情绪不稳定型占15．9％，倾向不稳定型占10．2％。（2）与全国常模相比较，老年冠心病患者EPQ的E因子分显著高于常模，P因子分显著低于常模（P〈0．05）；（3）E因子与面对及回避应对方式得分呈正相关；N、P因子与屈服应对方式得分呈正相关，E、L因子与屈服应对方式得分呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 老年冠心病患者个性偏外向，情绪稳定性各异；应对方式与个性密切相关，社区与临床护理人员可针对患者的个性特征，采取有效的干预措施，促进患者应用积极的应对方式。     

老年冠心病患者个性特征及其与应对方式相关性的研究

目的探讨老年冠心病患者的个性特征及其与应对方式的关系。方法应用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)对246例社区居家及住院治疗的老年冠心病患者进行测试研究。结果(1)老年冠心病患者的个性倾向以中间型为主占46.3%;其次为外向型占22.4%,倾向外向型占13.8%。情绪稳定性亦以中间型为主占44.3%,其次为倾向稳定型占20.7%,情绪不稳定型占15.9%,倾向不稳定型占10.2%。(2)与全国常模相比较,老年冠心病患者EPQ的E因子分显著高于常模,P因子分显著低于常模(P<0.05);(3)E因子与面对及回避应对方式得分呈正相关;N、P因子与屈服应对方式得分呈正相关,E、L因子与屈服应对方式得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论老年冠心病患者个性偏外向,情绪稳定性各异;应对方式与个性密切相关,社区与临床护理人员可针对患者的个性特征,采取有效的干预措施,促进患者应用积极的应对方式。     

儿童与成人肠套叠的比较

目的 分析儿童和成人肠套叠在临床表现、诊断和治疗上的不同之处.方法 对10年内收治的45例肠套叠的症状、诊断、套叠部位、病理和治疗方法进行回顾性分析.结果 儿童组35例,成人组10例.儿童组以血便、呕吐为主要症状,而成人组腹痛最常见.相当多儿童肠套叠通过病史和体检得以诊断,而成人肠套叠诊断多依赖影像学技术.儿童组术前确诊率高.成人肠套叠常与基础病理因素有关,均手术治疗,而儿童组可经气钡灌肠复位治疗或手术.结论 肠套叠在所有年龄段均可发生,但儿童与成人肠套叠在临床表现、诊断方法和治疗上有很多不同.这两个年龄组的肠套叠本质上有显著性差异,临床上必须区别处理.     

儿童与成人肠套叠的比较

目的 分析儿童和成人肠套叠在临床表现、诊断和治疗上的不同之处.方法 对10年内收治的45例肠套叠的症状、诊断、套叠部位、病理和治疗方法进行回顾性分析.结果 儿童组35例,成人组10例.儿童组以血便、呕吐为主要症状,而成人组腹痛最常见.相当多儿童肠套叠通过病史和体检得以诊断,而成人肠套叠诊断多依赖影像学技术.儿童组术前确诊率高.成人肠套叠常与基础病理因素有关,均手术治疗,而儿童组可经气钡灌肠复位治疗或手术.结论 肠套叠在所有年龄段均可发生,但儿童与成人肠套叠在临床表现、诊断方法和治疗上有很多不同.这两个年龄组的肠套叠本质上有显著性差异,临床上必须区别处理.     

A critical note on psychophysiological stress research into migraine patients

The psychophysiological stress paradigm has been applied to detect pathways through which stress can induce migraine. We propose that the negative and inconsistent findings of previous studies can be ascribed to the restricted psychophysiological scope of these experiments, to insufficient operationalization of the concepts of stress, and to the lack of attention paid to the presence or absence of an attack after a stressful situation. Our present state of knowledge on the pathophysiology of migraine should form the basis for future psychophysiological research, which should focus on patients who are actually stressed and develop an attack afterwards.     

两种持针法抽取药液效果的差异性实验研究

目的 通过对2种持针法抽取药液进行生物检测和时间测定,探索其差异性,为在保证临床护理操作和患者用药安全的同时提高工作效率找到客观的科学依据.方法 生物检测:实验组30例采用手持活塞抽取药液做72 h细菌培养;对照组30例采用手持活塞柄抽取药液做72 h细菌培养.时间测定:实验组30例采用手持活塞抽取药液进行;对照组30例采用手持活塞柄抽取药液进行时间测定.对2组的测量结果进行比较.结果 生物检测:实验组和对照组均无细菌生长;时间测定:手持活塞操作时间明显低于手持活塞柄操作时间.结论 手持活塞抽取药液能保证患者用药安全并能提高工作效率.