Attitude differences of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of susceptible and nonsusceptible hypnotic subjects

A form of the Semantic Differential, containing 9 concepts related to hypnosis and research, was administered to 96 hypnotically inexperienced male Ss. The Ss were later asked to volunteer for a hypnotic experiment, and the hypnotic susceptibility of all volunteers (N = 51) was then determined. Semantic Differential responses of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of highly susceptible and unhyp-notizable Ss were compared. Differences between groups, in both comparisons, were generally not statistically significant, a finding which suggests that there is no simple relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of attitudes and volunteering for hypnotic experiments or hypnotizability.     

A clinical note on indirect hypnotic therapy

Bowers, Kenneth S., &; Meichenbaum, Donald (Eds.), The Unconscious Reconsidered. New York: Wiley, 1984. Pp. xvii + 311. $35.95 U.S.     

A note on shock tolerances of real and simulating hypnotic subjects

Prior to the induction of hypnosis, Ss who later in an experiment were actually to be hypnotized selected lower criterion electric shock levels than did Ss who later were only to simulate hypnosis. This is the first quantified objective difference found to date between the behavior of Reals and Simulators.     

A note on possible limitations on the use of the harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility,form a

Early studies suggested that the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A), of Shor and E. Orne (1962), might have two limitations. Data are presented in support of these indications. The HGSHS: A may be insufficiently valid with male Ss, and may nominate quite different samples of hypnotically susceptible Ss and simulators than individually-administered forms of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1959, 1962). The prudence of Orne's (1971) proposed double-check on S-selection is thus supported.     

Electromyographic investigation of hypnotic arm levitation: differences between voluntary arm elevation and involuntary arm levitation

Thirty-three volunteers were randomly exposed to 3 conditions: hypnotic arm levitation, holding up the arm voluntarily without hypnosis, and imagined arm lifting without hypnosis. Trapezius, deltoid, extensor digitorum, flexor digitorum profundus, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii muscles were measured. Strain and muscle activity during lifting and holding up the right arm for 3 minutes were used as dependent variables. During hypnotic arm levitation, the total muscle activity was lower than during holding it up voluntarily (p < .01); the activity in the deltoid was 27% lower (p < .001). Without hypnosis, the muscle activity showed a positive correlation with strain. However, there was no such correlation in the hypnotic condition. Apparently, it is possible to reduce strain and to objectively measure muscle activity in an uplifted arm through hypnotic arm levitation.     

Relationship between personality traits, job satisfaction, and job involvement among Taiwanese community health volunteers

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between job involvement, job satisfaction, and personality traits among health volunteers in one Taiwan community. It is not easy to retain voluntary workers as part of health programs even though they have been trained. Previous research has shown that in order to increase job involvement, volunteers must effectively fulfill their needs to achieve and obtain job satisfaction. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Cross-sectional design. Surveys were mailed to 317 health volunteers at community health centers in I-lan County, northern Taiwan; 213 complete responses (67%) were received. METHODS: The survey instrument included sociodemographic items and scales measuring locus of control, achievement orientation, job involvement, and job satisfaction. RESULTS: Most respondents (94.8%) were female and their average age was 49.6 years. In terms of personality traits, most volunteers showed internal control orientation. Explainable variance for the prediction of job involvement from a combination of participation frequency, on-job training, achievement orientation, and job satisfaction was 33.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is a need to strengthen cooperative relationships among volunteers by initiating well-planned volunteer training programs and growth groups. These should involve the empowerment concept with the aim of enhancing the volunteers' interpersonal relationships and job satisfaction.     

高校特困学生人格特征研究

目的探讨特困大学生的人格特征,为做好特困大学生教育工作提供依据。方法采用16PF量表对206名特困大学生和1850名非特困大学生进行测评,并对各项人格特质评分进行对比分析。结果特困生兴奋性和怀疑性评分显著低于非特困生,而创造能力和新环境下成长能力评分显著高于非特困生(P均<0.01)。特困男生乐群性评分显著低于非特困男生,在新环境下成长能力评分显著高于非特困男生(P均<0.05);兴奋性评分极显著低于非特困男生(P<0.01)。特困男生乐群性评分显著低于特困女生,怀疑性、世故性、感情用事与安详机警型评分显著高于特困女生(P均<0.01);怯懦与果断型评分显著高于特困女生(P<0.05)。特困女生怀疑性、世故性评分显著低于非特困女生,独立性、怯懦与果断型和创造能力评分显著高于非特困女生(P均<0.05)。结论家庭经济情况会对个体的人格特征产生重要的影响,但这种影响并不一定是消极因素,表现在不同群体之间的人格特质具有差异性。     

轻中度哮喘患者与健康人的运动耐量对比研究

目的 :比较轻中度哮喘患者与健康人的运动心肺功能 ,研究运动对哮喘患者肺功能的影响 ,探讨轻中度哮喘患者提高运动耐量的可行性。方法 :采用负荷递增运动方案 ,对 2 0例轻中度哮喘患者及 2 0例健康志愿者进行了运动心肺功能试验。运动前后测一秒钟用力呼气容积 (FEV1 )、用力肺活量 (FVC)、最大呼气中段流量 (FEF 2 5 %- 75 % )、最大呼气末段流量 (FEF 75 % - 85 % )、呼气流量峰值 (PEF)等 ,运动中监测心率 (HR)、每分钟氧耗量(VO2 )、每分钟二氧化碳排出量 (VCO2 )、每分钟通气量 (VE)、氧脉搏 (O2 pulse)、呼吸频率 (BF)等。结果 :运动后 ,哮喘组与正常对照组的FVC、FEV1 、PEF、FEF 2 5 %— 75 %、FEF 75 %— 85 %均有所改善 ,有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5) ,但两组在改善的差值上无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5)。哮喘患者的最大作功、最大氧耗量 (VO2max)、最大二氧化碳排出量 (VCO2max)、最大每分钟通气量 (VEmax)均显著低于健康人 (P <0 .0 5) ,无氧阈提前出现。结论 :轻中度哮喘患者的运动能力低于健康人 ,但通过小负荷运动可改善肺功能     

2型糖尿病患者社会支持与D型人格的相关性研究

目的 了解D型人格在2型糖尿病患者中的分布,探讨其与社会支持水平的关系.方法 采用便利抽样法选取196例住院2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、D型人格量表、领悟社会支持量表进行调查,比较并分析D型人格与非D型人格患者社会支持情况.结果 D型人格患者82例,占41.8％;2型糖尿病患者领悟社会支持量表总分为(...     

老年冠心病患者个性特征及其与应对方式相关性的研究

目的探讨老年冠心病患者的个性特征及其与应对方式的关系。方法应用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)对246例社区居家及住院治疗的老年冠心病患者进行测试研究。结果(1)老年冠心病患者的个性倾向以中间型为主占46.3%;其次为外向型占22.4%,倾向外向型占13.8%。情绪稳定性亦以中间型为主占44.3%,其次为倾向稳定型占20.7%,情绪不稳定型占15.9%,倾向不稳定型占10.2%。(2)与全国常模相比较,老年冠心病患者EPQ的E因子分显著高于常模,P因子分显著低于常模(P<0.05);(3)E因子与面对及回避应对方式得分呈正相关;N、P因子与屈服应对方式得分呈正相关,E、L因子与屈服应对方式得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论老年冠心病患者个性偏外向,情绪稳定性各异;应对方式与个性密切相关,社区与临床护理人员可针对患者的个性特征,采取有效的干预措施,促进患者应用积极的应对方式。     

老年冠心病患者个性特征及其与应对方式相关性的研究

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者的个性特征及其与应对方式的关系。方法 应用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）及医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）对246例社区居家及住院治疗的老年冠心病患者进行测试研究。结果（1）老年冠心病患者的个性倾向以中间型为主占46．3％；其次为外向型占22．4％，倾向外向型占13．8％。情绪稳定性亦以中间型为主占44．3％，其次为倾向稳定型占20．7％，情绪不稳定型占15．9％，倾向不稳定型占10．2％。（2）与全国常模相比较，老年冠心病患者EPQ的E因子分显著高于常模，P因子分显著低于常模（P〈0．05）；（3）E因子与面对及回避应对方式得分呈正相关；N、P因子与屈服应对方式得分呈正相关，E、L因子与屈服应对方式得分呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 老年冠心病患者个性偏外向，情绪稳定性各异；应对方式与个性密切相关，社区与临床护理人员可针对患者的个性特征，采取有效的干预措施，促进患者应用积极的应对方式。