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??Apigenin,as a natural drug, has a variety of pharmacological activities.The review articles of its anti-tumor, neuroprotection, protection of myocardial injury, reproductive endocrine regulation,antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases and other aspects have been reported. This paper summarized antiviral, antifungal, slimming, anti parasite, immune regulation, recover of spinal cord injury, osteogenic differentiation, osteoporosis, bone petrochemical, anti-inflammatory and anti gout of apigenin . At the same time, the synthetic route and pharmacological action of its derivative are also summarized, which provides a reference for its reasonable development and utilization.     

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??Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a typical chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, which is clinical characterized by progressive worsening of dyspnea and lung function with a poor prognosis. Since the pathogenesis is not clear, there is no efficiency cure for IPF until now. It is discovered that transforming growth factor-?? (TGF-??), a ??master switch?? in the formation and development of IPF, plays an important role in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis, and the promotion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis. In this paper, the latest impacts of TGF-?? on IPF are reviewed, which may provide the clues and evidence for the development of anti pulmonary fibrotic drugs.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from Periplaneta americana. METHODS The 95% enthanol extract was isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-PHPLC. All compounds were identified by chemical and spectral analyses. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified from Periplaneta americana. Their structures were elucidated as salicylic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), genistein (6), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), methyl N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycinate (8), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (9), (2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycine (10), uracil (11), cyclo(Val-Ala) (12), N-acetyldopamine (13), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (14), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 2, 4, 7-10, 12 and 14 are obtained from this genus for the first time.     

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??Parkinson??s disease (PD) is recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss are not completely understood yet; however, misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and inflammation play a pivotal role in the progression of the pathology. To date, no efficient therapy that arrest or slow down PD is available. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have already shown interesting properties in detoxification, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation through the induction of phase ?? and phase ?? enzyme. Moreover, ITCs may be able to modulate several key points in oxidative and inflammatory evolution. In this review, we describe ITCs as pleiotropic compounds capable of preventing and modulating the evolution of PD. In particular, we summarized the neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane (SFN), erucin (ER), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) in the treatment for experimental PD.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish an oil bath method to determine the D values and Z value of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization. METHODS Spore suspension was sealed up in glass capillary, which was heated by thermostat oil bath. D value and Z value were determined by survivor curve method. RESULTS The D values of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC7953 spores suspension at 117, 121 and 125 ?? were 7.04, 2.18 and 0.65 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.75 ??. The D values of Clostridium sporogenes CMCC(B)64941 spores suspension at 95, 100 and 105 ?? were 11.36, 2.85 and 0.45 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.14 ??. CONCLUSION By simulating the sterilization of aqueous liquid with oil bath method, the D values and Z values of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization can be determined conveniently and accurately(r² is above 0.980 0). The oil bath method can be used for heat resistance research of biological indicators in spore suspension form for moist heat sterilization.     

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??This review introduced the formation, structural characteristics of lyotropic liquid crystals and the recent progress in study on lyotropic liquid crystals as drug delivery system. The authors analyzed the advantages,prospect and existing problems of lyotropic liquid crystals as drug delivery system. This review emphasized the effect of additives on lyotropic liquid crystals and provided a reference for further study on lyotropic liquid crystals as drug delivery system.     

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??Moghania mainly grows in Yunnan and Guangxi, and is a kind of traditional Zhuang medicine in China. It is used to treat dispelling wind and dampness, strengthen bones and muscles, and promote blood circulation and detoxification. Moghania is also well known for its edible and medical value in folk. Currently Moghania medicinal plants are recorded in the appendix of China Pharmacopoeia and some local standards, but there is no content about the quality standard. We need to improve the quality standard to make it more accurate and specific for the multi-origin characteristics of Moghania. The literatures on Moghania were analyzed and summarized in terms of characteristics, microscopic identification, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fingerprinting, and molecular identification. The analysis result showed that the primary quality control mode of Moghania is mainly based on multi-index synchronization, total composition and fingerprints. The application of TLC, UV, HPLC, infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inter-simple sequence repeats-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) molecular markers in Moghania quality control has been investigated systemically. These RESULTS provided references for the systematical study and quality control of Moghania resource.     

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??The plants of Nigella genus distribute worldwide among Southwest Asia, South Europe and North Africa rigions. Their seeds are applied extensively as both traditional food additives and medicinal herbs in all Islamic countries since ancient time. In the past three decades, Nigella seeds were reported to contain fatty acids, volatile oil, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other constituents. It had pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-infective, anti-tumor, anti-platelet aggregation effects, etc. In this paper, the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Nigella seeds in the recent five years are reviewed, which may be helpful for further investigations of these valuable herbs.     

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??OBJECTIVE To discuss essential points in performance evaluation and clinical trial of respiratory multi-pathogen nucleic acid assay, providing constructive suggestions for product research and development as well as regulatory registration. METHODS Based on the features and intended use of the assay, requirements of national food and drug regulatory division and personal experiences in examining IVD products to demonstrate essential points and approaches in performance evaluation and clinical trial by illustrating examples. RESULTS The verification of the limit of detection, analytical specificity, precision and the enterprise references were included in the performance evaluation. The total number of samples and the number of positive sample, genotype, reference products and statistical analysis etc. were included in the clinical trial study. CONCLUSION The performance evaluation and the clinical trial study are an important part of the estimation of product performance. They are an important way to assess the safety and effectiveness of the product before the product goes into the market and also an important part of the technical review in the product registration. Applicants should take full account of scientific and comprehensive evaluation METHODS in product development and registration process, and based on the product characteristics and intended use to verify the product adequately.     

中药治疗痛风的作用机制研究进展

痛风是我国第二大代谢类疾病,会引起关节组织损伤及多种慢性疾病,严重影响人类生活健康.嘌呤代谢紊乱或尿酸排泄异常引发的尿酸升高是其发病的生化基础,西医治疗主要采用控制炎症类药物如秋水仙碱、非甾体抗炎药,降尿酸类药物非布司他、苯溴马隆等,其效果明显,但存在停药后易复发及不良反应较多等问题.中药治疗痛风历史悠久,具有多途径、...     

中医药干预胰岛素抵抗机制研究进展

胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR)是2型糖尿病的重要病理特征,其发病机制复杂,包括肥胖、遗传等因素引起的多种激素水平紊乱,慢性轻度炎症反应,氧化应激和能量代谢障碍导致线粒体功能受损等,基本可分为受体前、受体和受体后3个环节.中药复方、中成药、单味中药或其有效成分、针灸等疗法都能在一定程度上改善IR...     

中药诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡相关机制研究进展

近年来研究发现许多中药能够诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,达到其抗肿瘤的目的,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡也已成为筛选抗癌药物的一个新靶点。中药诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用机制主要有阻滞细胞增殖周期、影响基因表达及信号传导、诱导细胞因子、调节体内激素水平等,文章就其近年来的相关机制研究进展作一综述。     

中药改善肺癌靶向治疗表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂获得性耐药研究进展

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)获得性耐药是制约肺癌靶向治疗的瓶颈。中药配合EGFR-TKIs治疗肺癌源于临床,近年来在临床实践的基础上开展转化研究,探讨中药干预改善或逆转EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药成为研究的新靶点。本文综述了清热解毒、活血化瘀中药及基于扶正活血解毒治法的中药复方对EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药的影响与机制,提出中药的整体调节与靶向治疗有可能发挥协同作用,成为肺癌治疗的创新模式。     

中药活性成分体外逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药性的研究

目的：从中药活性成分中筛选肿瘤耐药逆转剂,并对其逆转作用进行研究。方法：采用MTT法测定药物的体外杀伤作用,应用金氏公式进行联合用药分析。结果：钩藤总碱5μg/ml、药根碱2μg/ml、肯定玉红1．25μg/ml对长春新碱在KBv200细胞的逆转倍数分别为16．8、5．1和4倍;姜黄素1．56－12．5μg/ml与长春新碱合用对KB和KBv200细胞均具增敏作用。结论：钩藤总碱、药根碱、靛玉红均可逆转kBv200细胞对长春新碱的耐药性,而姜黄素与长春新碱合用对KB和KBv200细胞均具增敏作用。     

中药逆转EGFR-TKIs治疗NSCLC获得性耐药的分子机制及研究进展

总结归纳近10年中药逆转表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptortyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)获得性耐药的分子机制及研究进展,以期为中药逆转EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药提供科学依据,并为中药在此领域中的应用提供新的思路与方法。中医药主要通过抑制表面生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)旁路或下游通路、逆转上皮间质转化(EMT)两个方面逆转其耐药。     

中药诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究进展

近年来的研究结果表明许多中药都有抗肿瘤的作用,由于中药具有毒副作用小等优点,越来越受到人们的重视。中药抗肿瘤的作用机制有多种,文章就近几年来中药诱导细胞凋亡研究取得的进展作一综述。     

抗肿瘤中药对DNA去甲基化作用的研究进展

DNA的高甲基化与肿瘤的发生密不可分。逆转肿瘤细胞DNA异常高甲基化、恢复抑癌基因或DNA修复基因的表达成为抗肿瘤新药开发和研究的新热点。相对于化学药物靶点的单一性及耐药性,中药具有全方位、多靶点治疗等优势。但关于中药对DNA去甲基化作用的文献报道有限,且鲜有此方面的综述。本文把相关DNA去甲基化的抗肿瘤中药及中药成分进行了梳理,根据中药功效将其分成清热类、活血化瘀类、祛风除湿类及其他类,叙述这些中药对不同肿瘤的不同靶基因的去甲基化作用,并对其研究前景进行展望。包括癌症在内的许多疾病与DNA的高甲基化有关,开发去甲基化的药物是治疗疾病的一条可行途径。中药的资源丰富,其包含的化学成分更是复杂多样,这为研究开发去甲基化的药物提供了重要的资源。     

中药复杂性研究的内容与方法

中药的复杂性问题日益受到重视.本文从复杂系统的特征出发,论述了中药复杂性研究的三条主线,探讨了中药复杂性研究的基本内容,按信息学研究的基本内容,将中药复杂性研究分为四类基本问题,并初步探讨了各类问题的基本特征及研究思路与方法.     

中药在诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡方面的机制研究进展

目前研究表明,肿瘤的发生不仅与细胞增殖速度有关,也与过剩的细胞不能清除到体外直接有关.因此应用药物促使肿瘤启动细胞凋亡程序,就成为抗肿瘤治疗的一个有意义与希望的研究领域.目前中医药抗肿瘤机制的研究热点之一就是中药诱导细胞凋亡.初步了解其相关机制,能为进一步研究打下基础.