基于正交试验的高黏改性沥青制备及性能研究

为了制备一种性能优良的高黏改性沥青,采用自制的热塑性弹性体TPE、增韧剂和增黏剂对基质沥青进行改性,制备了T-HVA高黏改性沥青.通过正交试验分析各改性剂掺量对沥青性能的影响,以软化点、延度和动力黏度等指标进行控制,并通过综合平衡法对各指标综合分析,最终确定T-HVA高黏改性沥青的各改性剂最佳掺配比例为:热塑性弹性体TPE掺量5％、增韧剂ZR掺量2％、增黏剂ZN1掺量2％、增黏剂ZN2掺量1％.与6％SBS改性沥青和传统高黏改性沥青性能对比发现:最佳掺配比例下的T-HVA高黏沥青具有更好的低温性能、施工和易性和热储存稳定性,其高温性能远优于SBS改性沥青,但略差于传统高黏沥青.通过荧光显微图像分析表明,T-HVA高黏改性沥青形成了致密的网络状结构,改性材料分散性良好,沥青与改性剂间不存在明显界面.综合各项指标分析,T-HVA高黏改性沥青具有较强的集料黏结性和耐老化性,表现出较好的高温稳定性和低温柔性.     

永古高速公路SBS改性沥青试验研究

本试验主要研究目的是SBS改性剂、相容剂、稳定剂、剪切速率、剪切时间、发育时间对永古高速公路SBS改性沥青性能的影响.查阅该地区沥青路面资料,初步确定在相容剂掺量1.5％,稳定剂掺量1.5‰的前提下,通过对沥青软化点、25℃的针入度、5℃的延度、离析软化点差进行试验,对试验结果进行分析,最终确定SBS改性沥青的SBS改性剂掺量3.8％、相容剂掺量1.5％、稳定剂掺量2‰.在此SBS改性沥青的前提下,研究剪切速率、剪切时间、发育时间对SBS改性沥青的影响,在剪切时间30 min,发育时间90 min的前提下,继续对沥青软化点、25℃的针入度、5℃的延度进行试验,整理分析数据,得到最终的制备工艺为:剪切速率5500 r·min-1、剪切时间35 min、发育时间为120 min.得到结论为永古高速SBS改性沥青为:SBS改性剂掺量3.8％、相容剂掺量1.5％、稳定剂掺量2‰、剪切速率5500 r·min-1、剪切时间35 min、发育时间120 min.     

SEBS改性沥青的制备与性能研究

以热塑性弹性体苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)选择性加氢得到的嵌段共聚物(SEBS)为改性剂对70#基质沥青进行改性,研究了剪切温度、SEBS掺量对改性沥青的低温延度、软化点、针入度的影响规律,确定了改性沥青中SEBS的最佳掺量及剪切温度。采用扫描电镜(SEM)从微观结构变化对改性沥青的机理做了进一步解释。结果表明,当SEBS掺量为5%(质量分数)、剪切温度为170℃时,所制备的复合改性沥青综合性能最好,成本最低。     

疏水性纳米SiO_2/SBS复合改性沥青性能的研究

采用疏水性的纳米SiO_2作为沥青改性剂对SBS改性沥青进行改性,对纳米SiO_2/SBS改性沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度三大指标试验和布氏粘度试验,研究了不同掺量的改性剂对SBS改性沥青的影响。试验结果表明:纳米SiO_2掺入后,SBS沥青的针入度有所下降,使沥青变硬,在掺量为7%时针入度最小为6.2mm;软化点随纳米SiO_2掺量的增加整体呈现上升趋势,在一定程度上提高了其高温稳定性;延度随着纳米SiO_2掺量的增加出现了先增大后下降的趋势,在掺量为4%时延度达到最大值,对沥青低温性能有所提升,但是超过这个掺量后随着掺量的继续增加延度有所降低;随着纳米SiO_2掺量的逐渐增加,纳米SiO_2/SBS改性沥青的粘度呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,但其粘度都小于3Pa·s,符合使用要求。     

基于温拌及生物柴油-塑料裂解蜡试验的改性沥青性能研判

探讨了由废弃食用油提炼的生物柴油与塑料裂解蜡改性剂对沥青性能的影响，通过三大指标、布氏旋转黏度及动态剪切流变等实验，采用车辙因子、延度、软化点及针入度、蠕变速率、劲度模量等指标，评判各配比、掺量下生物柴油与塑料裂解蜡改性沥青的抗老化、高温及低温性能等。结果表明，油-蜡改性沥青具有良好热稳定性，与基质沥青相比，6%(质量分数)掺量时油-蜡沥青黏度显著下降，降幅达62%,降温效果基本与Sasobit改性沥青相同，且拌和温度也下降30℃左右。油-蜡改性沥青的高温性能及抗老化能力均得到改善，但低温性能相对较差。油-蜡改性剂的最佳掺量为6%(质量分数),生物柴油-塑料裂解蜡作为改性剂，能够提高改性沥青的性能，并为减少环境污染及废弃物的应用提供了新思路。     

SBS/LNBR/CR复合改性沥青密封胶的制备和性能研究

沥青路面在服役过程中,由于路面结构、气候和荷载的影响易出现早期裂缝,影响路面的长期使用寿命。采用液体丁腈橡胶(LNBR)、SBS和胶粉(CR)复合改性沥青制备裂缝修补密封胶,首先用软化点、锥入度、弹性恢复、流动值、黏度等技术指标,研究了基质沥青种类、液体橡胶掺量、改性工艺、胶粉掺量对密封胶性能的影响;随后利用荧光显微镜和红外光谱试验评价改性剂在复合改性沥青中的分散性;利用离析软化点试验评价改性剂对复合改性沥青密封胶的储存稳定性的影响。结果表明,选择90#基质沥青、3%液体丁腈橡胶、4%SBS时,随着胶粉掺量的增加,密封胶的软化点、弹性恢复和黏度均提高,流动值变好,但锥入度和储存稳定性稍有降低,当胶粉掺量20%时密封胶的综合性能最佳。     

SEBS与SBS改性沥青性能对比研究

为掌握SEBS改性沥青性能,以SBS改性沥青为参照,分别制备不同掺量SEBS和SBS改性沥青进行动态剪切流变(DSR)、弯曲梁蠕变(BBR)、改进沸煮法及离析试验,就两种改性沥青高温性能、低温性能、粘附性及存储稳定性进行对比分析。结果表明:随着SEBS和SBS掺量增加,沥青高温性能和粘附性逐渐变好,低温性能呈先变差后变好再变差趋势,掺量为4%时低温性能最优,存储稳定性则逐渐变差;相同SEBS和SBS掺量下,SEBS改性沥青的高温性能、低温性能、粘附性及存储稳定性均优于SBS改性沥青。考虑综合性能最优,推荐采用4%掺量SEBS制备改性沥青。     

PR PLAST S改性沥青高温流变性能实验研究

为研究Performance Requirement Plast Super(PR PLAST S)改性沥青在高温状态下抵抗变形的能力,采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)分别对多因素(改性剂掺量、剪切频率、试验温度)、多水平下的PR PLAST S改性沥青进行温度扫描和频率扫描试验,并利用车辙因子(G*/sinδ)、主曲线与移位因子等指标来评价改性沥青性能。结果表明:PR PLAST S的添加提高了沥青的高温稳定性,掺量为7‰时,其时温等效失效温度在试验中最高,达到70℃;PR PLAST S掺量与复数黏度呈正相关,表明改性沥青的抗裂性能随掺量的增加而增大;当频率为0.1rad/s、PR PLAST S掺量为7‰时,复数黏度在所有试件中最大,推荐长大纵坡路段PR PLAST S掺量为7‰。     

SBS改性脱油沥青宏观性能与微观形态的关系研究

以脱油沥青(DOA)制备针入度30号和50号的调和硬质沥青,并掺量2%到6%的星型SBS在170℃下经剪切、搅拌工艺制备SBS改性硬质沥青,对产物进行常规指标分析及荧光显微检测。常规指标分析表明SBS可以提高沥青的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性能和感温性能;存储稳定性分析表明稳定剂的加入可以明显的改善沥青的稳定性和抗老化性能;荧光显微镜图像表明改性沥青宏观性能与微观结构之间存在相关性,改性沥青要达到较好的宏观性能需要其微观结构中改性剂和沥青呈现均匀连续分散的状态。利用SBS和稳定剂制备优质改性硬质沥青合适配方为:SBS添加量为3.0%,稳定剂添加量为0.2%。     

基于正交试验的废轮胎胶粉改性沥青微观特性研究

通过4水平4因素正交试验设计方案制备了废轮胎胶粉改性沥青,并对最优组合胶粉改性沥青进行了薄膜烘箱老化试验。通过对沥青基础指标的测试及傅里叶变换红外光谱、四组分及热重的分析,从宏观角度评价了不同沥青的性能变化,微观角度分析了胶粉改性沥青的化学组分及变化规律。研究结果表明,胶粉改性沥青的最优配比组合为胶粉掺量17%（质量分数,下同）、搅拌温度180 ℃、改性剂质量配比1/6和增塑剂掺量4%。用胶粉改性后沥青的红外光谱特征吸收峰的形状及位置未变,但强度发生变化;使化学组分的含量产生了变化,饱和分和芳香分减少、胶质和沥青质增加。胶粉的掺入降低了沥青的热降解速率,提高了初始降解温度及最终残留物含量,改善了沥青的热稳定性。     

Rheological investigation of the influence of acrylate polymers on the modification of asphalt

The effect of ethylene, ethylene acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (EA) terpolymer, and ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) copolymer on asphalt modification was investigated at 4, 6 and 8% polymer concentrations. Both melt state rheology and asphalt concrete mix (ACM) were investigated. In the melt state analysis, dynamic shear rheology, storage stability, artificial ageing, and performance grading (PG) were studied. The PG grading of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) is correlated to the elastic properties of the polymers. Both resins improved the rheological properties, reduced the temperature susceptibility, showed better storage stability, and increase the upper grading (performance) temperature of the base asphalt. The two polymers showed similar ageing characteristics with little influence on flow activation energy. In asphalt concrete mix analysis, Marshall stability, stripping (durability), resilient modulus, and permanent deformation tests were performed. Polymer‐modified asphalt concrete mix (PMACM) has increased percent retained stability and the resilient modulus when compared with ACM. The elastic modulus of PMA and the resilient modulus of their ACM followed the same trend. Weak influence on water sensitivity was observed, but excellent rutting resistance was obtained for PMACM over ACM. EA (much cheaper than EBA) produced satisfactory properties of PMA and superior ACM properties when blended with the high asphaltenes Arabian asphalt. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3446–3456, 2006     

锌粉和有机硅对聚氨酯涂层耐蚀性和热性能的影响

通过浸泡腐蚀和高温烘烤,以涂层的冲击强度为依据,研究了不同锌粉含量的聚氨酯涂层在10%(质量分数,下同)HCl、10%NaOH和20%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性以及不同有机硅添加量的涂层在120℃下的耐热性.通过热重分析(TG-DSC),比较了改性前后聚氨酯涂料的热稳定性,测试了涂层的综合性能.结果表明,含锌量为83%的...     

高模量沥青及其混合料低温性能研究进展

高模量沥青混合料因其出众的抗车辙性能和抗疲劳性能成为构建重载交通长寿命路面的理想材料,但低温性能差成为制约其应用和发展的最重要因素。近年来,如何改善高模量沥青及其混合料低温性能成为了路面领域的研究热点。本文综述了在胶结料中添加热塑性弹性体、油基改性剂、纳米材料以及在混合料中添加纤维这4种主要技术路径,重点阐述了这4种技术路径的改性材料用量、改性工艺参数与改性效果之间的关联,并对其改性机理进行总结。最后展望了高模量沥青及其混合料在低温性能方面的未来研究重点和发展趋势,即旨在克服高模量沥青混合料应用范围的限制,进而推动高模量沥青混合料在重载长寿命路面中的应用。     

Rheological properties of packaging‐waste‐polyethylene‐modified asphalt

Waste‐polyethylene (WPE) in packaging, instead of virgin polymer, was utilized as a modifier of base asphalt, and rheological properties of the modified asphalt were studied. Results show that the modified asphalt possesses better anti‐distortion capacity than the base asphalt, as indicated by the fact that the modified asphalt has higher viscosity and smaller endothermic peak dispersion in the transformation process of asphalt aggregation. Compared with base asphalt, the modified asphalt has higher complex modulus (G*), storage modulus (G′), and dissipation modulus (G″). In addition, the modified asphalt has smaller phase angle (δ), less tangent (tanδ), and lower rut factor (G*/sinδ), reflecting the high‐temperature rut resistance of the asphalt. The improvement of the rheological properties is related to the main features of the modified asphalt, including the swelling, whereas packaging‐waste‐PE absorbs low‐molecular‐weight fractions of asphalt, the displacement restriction of asphalt particles, and the molecular structure and performance of PE molecules. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 21:215–219, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

复掺芳纶纤维和玻璃纤维再生沥青混合料路用性能研究

为提高再生沥青混合料(RAP)的路用性能,通过研究芳纶纤维和玻璃纤维二者单掺以及复掺对再生沥青混合料路用性能的影响,以期为两种纤维在再生沥青混合料上的应用提供参考。研究结果表明:单掺芳纶纤维对再生沥青混合料的高温性能影响不大,而玻璃纤维和复掺纤维使再生沥青混合料的高温抗车辙性能分别提升了34.0%及42.6%;复掺纤维对再生沥青混合料动态模量的改善效果最高达21.9%;同时复掺纤维的加入可使混合料保持较好的低温抗裂性与水稳定性。半圆弯曲(SCB)测试结果表明,复掺纤维可显著改善沥青混合料的抗弯拉能力。复掺纤维较单掺纤维对再生沥青混合料有更好的改性效果,且改性效果显著。     

基于储存稳定性的橡胶改性沥青制备工艺

为了制备储存稳定性良好的橡胶改性沥青,基于高温混炼工艺,使用聚苯乙烯-聚丁二烯-聚苯乙烯嵌段聚合物(SBS)、芳烃油、辛烯聚合物橡胶反应剂(TOR)、稳定剂与橡胶粉对基质沥青进行复合改性。提出了橡胶改性沥青的制备方法,分析了改性剂对沥青常规性能和流变特性的影响,并通过荧光试验观察改性剂在沥青中的分散效果。研究结果表明:添加质量分数为25%的40目(380 μm)胶粉可以明显提高沥青的高温性能;180 ℃下剪切60~90 min后溶胀发育60 min可以得到稳定性良好的橡胶改性沥青;加入相容剂和稳定剂可以提高胶粉的溶胀与分散程度,改性剂之间对沥青性能的影响存在协同作用;复合改性沥青具有良好的弹性恢复能力和高温抗变形性能;橡胶粉、SBS在沥青中的溶胀程度和分散均匀性是影响沥青常规性能和储存稳定性的直接因素。     

The effect of long-term oxidation on the rheological properties of polymer modified asphalts

The effect of long-term aging on rheological properties of polymer modified asphalt binders was studied. Modifiers included diblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene) rubber, triblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene), and tire rubber. Asphalt aging was carried out either at 60 °C in a controlled environmental room or at 100 °C in a pressure aging vessel [AASHTO Provisional Standards, 1993]. Both dynamic shear properties and extensional properties were investigated. Polymer modification resulted in increased asphalt complex modulus at high temperatures, decreased asphalt complex modulus at low temperatures, broadened relaxation spectra, and improved ductility. Oxidative aging decreased asphalt temperature susceptibility, damaged the polymer network in binders, further broadened the relaxation spectrum, and diminished polymer effectiveness in improving asphalt ductility.     

废弃玻璃钢粉改性沥青材料制备与性能研究

为提高玻璃钢（GFRP）管道废弃物的利用率,研究了废弃GFRP粉粒径、掺量及剪切制度（温度、时间、速率）对改性沥青延度、针入度及软化点的影响规律,利用偏光显微镜（PLM）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）分析了其微观结构。结果表明,废弃GFRP中热固性树脂可与沥青反应生成环烷烃和脂肪烃,其中脂肪烃含量增加将提高沥青延度,废弃GFRP掺量过高则环烷烃含量增加,不利于沥青延度提升;玻璃纤维可降低沥青针入度和提高其高温稳定性,掺量过高却会形成更多缺陷致使延度下降,但有利于沥青硬度提高;剪切温度过低或过高时,改性沥青中形成的环烷烃含量均升高,不利于沥青延度提升,但剪切温度对改性沥青高温稳定性影响不显著;当剪切机转速达到一定值时,增加剪切机转速对改性沥青性能影响较小,而延长剪切时间却有利于其性能提高;最佳改性制度为粒径<0.3 mm、掺量4 %、改性温度150 ℃、剪切时间4 h、剪切机转速8 000 r/min。     

Comparative study of physical properties of water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams extended with commercial soy flours

The use of renewable resources (mainly carbohydrates) in rigid polyurethane foam has been known to offer several advantages, such as increased strength, improved flame resistance, and enhanced biodegradability. Less attention has been directed to inexpensive protein‐based materials, such as defatted soy flour. The objectives of this study were to develop water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams, containing defatted soy flour, that have acceptable or improved physical properties which also lower the cost of the foam formulation and to compare the properties of developed foams extended with three kinds of commercial soy flour. Water‐blown low‐density rigid polyurethane foams were prepared with poly(ether polyol)s, polymeric isocyanates, defatted soy flour, water, a catalyst mixture, and a surfactant. Soy flour and the initial water content were varied from 0 to 40% and from 4.5 to 5.5% of the poly(ether polyol) content, respectively. A standard laboratory mixing procedure was followed for making foams using a high‐speed industrial mixer. After mixing, the mixture was poured into boxes and allowed to rise at ambient conditions. Foams were removed from boxes after 1 h and cured at room temperature for 24 h before measurement of the thermal conductivity and for 1 week before other property tests. Foam properties were determined according to ASTM procedures. Measurement of the physical properties (compressive strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability under thermal and humid aging) of these foams showed that the addition of 10–20% of three kinds of soy flour imparted water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams with similar or improved strength, modulus, insulation, and dimensional stability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 10–19, 2001     

废胶粉/碳九石油树脂复合改性高黏沥青及其混合料性能评价与对比

为提高废胶粉(WCR)改性沥青的黏弹性能,研制了 WCR/碳九石油树脂(C9PR)复合改性高黏沥青及其混合料,考察了改性高黏沥青的物理性能和储存稳定性,同时通过一般路用性能试验、动态蠕变试验、疲劳拉伸试验和间接拉伸疲劳试验评价了其OGFC-13混合料的性能,并与普通WCR改性沥青和市售高黏沥青及其混合料进行了对比.结果...