GaN基蓝光LED单偏振输出及高光提取效率的实现

为了提高倒装发光二极管（LED）光提取效率的同时实现单偏振光输出，建立了正装、倒装和集成金属亚波长光栅倒装LED 3种模型，采用RSOFT软件进行仿真对比及器件优化，并进行了理论分析和模拟验证。结果表明，倒装LED虽然可以提高光提取效率但对P-GaN层厚非常敏感，无法单偏振光输出；集成了金属亚波长光栅的倒装LED可以不受P-GaN层厚影响，实现单偏振光输出，但要输出稳定偏振光，受光栅参量和介质过渡层厚度影响非常显著；优化后的结构可以实现57.63%的光提取效率，偏振消光比达到25.8dB。该研究对制造高性能蓝光LED具有一定的指导作用。     

掩埋光子晶体加强LED出光效率的理论研究

作者采用有限时域差分法计算研究了掩埋光子晶体对发光二极管的出光功率的加强作用。作者计算比较了不同掩埋光子晶体的晶格种类、多层掩埋光子晶体、掩埋光子晶体与发光层的不同距离的发光二极管的正面光输出功率。计算表明掩埋一维光子晶体可发挥与掩埋二维光子晶体相同的作用。同时,作者提出了一种多层掩埋光子晶体结构可以进一步提高加强发光二极管的正面光输出。而同时使用表面光子晶体和掩埋光子晶体的结构使正面光输出达到一般发光二极管的五倍。     

Theoretical analysis of enhanced light output from a GaN light emitting diode with an embedded photonic crystal

The enhancement of the light output of an embedded photonic crystal light emitting diode is investigated based on the finite-difference time-domain modeling.The embedded photonic crystal(PC) lattice type,multi-layer embedded PC,distance between the multiple quantum well and the embedded PC are studied.It is found that the embedded one dimensional PC can act as well as embedded two dimensional PCs.The emitted light flux in the up direction can be increased by a new kind of multi-layer embedded PC.Also,we ...     

Ni纳米粒子掩膜用于提高GaN基LED出光率的研究

以无水乙醇为溶剂、柠檬酸为分散剂,用超声分散技术配制Ni纳米粒子分散液;将分散液用旋涂的方法在GaN基发光二极管(LED)的ITO电流扩展层上制备单层Ni纳米粒子掩膜,采用ICP(inductively coupledplasma)干法刻蚀技术在ITO层上制作出表面粗化的结构。在20 mA工作电流下,与普通GaN基LED相比,这种ITO表面粗化的GaN基LED芯片发光强度提高了30%,并且对器件的电性能影响很小。结果表明,该表面粗化技术是一种工艺简单、成本低和能有效提高LED发光效率的方法。     

半导体GaN基蓝光发光二极管的精确电学特性

对传统的电容-电压(C-V)、电流 -电压(I-V)测量方法和我们自建的表征方法测量得到的蓝光发光二极管(L ED)正向特性的结 果做了详细的对比分析,发现传统测量方法得到的电学参量是不够精确的。但是传统C-V方法得到的表观电容以及我们自建方法得到的结电容在大电压和低 频率下都表现出了明显的负值,该实验结果与经典肖克莱理论相冲突。此外,我们精确 地得到了负的结电容以及结电导随电压和频率变化的经验表达式。这将为半导体二极管的正 向电学特性的理论研究提供实验基础。     

Experimental study of GaN based blue light emitting diodes with a thin AlInN layer in front of the electron blocking layer

The GaN based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a thin AlInN layer inserted in front of the electron blocking layer (EBL) are experimentally studied. It is found that inserting a thin EBL can improve the light output power and reduce the efficiency droop compared with the conventional AlGaN counterparts. Based on numerical simulation and analysis, the improvement on the electrical and optical characteristics is mainly attributed to the reduction of the electron leakage current, which increases the concentration of carriers in the quantum well (QW) when the thin AlInN layer is used.     

金属光栅提高蓝光LED提取效率的研究

为了提高发光二极管(LED)的光提取效率，并比较不同光栅形状对LED光提取效率的影响，采用严格耦合波法优化了与矩形、等腰三角形、等腰梯形光栅分别集成的倒装LED，使它们出光面透射率达到最优，随后使用有限时域差分法模拟计算它们的光提取效率。经过模拟计算和理论分析可得3种不同结构LED最优光栅参量(光栅占空比f、光栅周期p、光栅厚度h)和过渡层厚度d分别是:f=0.35, p=150nm, h=80nm, d=190nm; f=0.45, p=175nm, h=80nm, d=190nm; f=0.7, p=150nm, h=80nm, d=190nm。结果表明，3种最优的LED结构在波长0.4μm~0.5μm范围内，矩形光栅倒装LED和等腰三角形光栅倒装LED出光面透射率相同，等腰梯形光栅倒装LED出光面透射率最低; 由于光透射率最低，导致等腰梯形光栅倒装LED光提取效率较低，最高仅为58.07%，但是由于等腰三角形光栅倒装LED特殊的光栅形状加上高的光透射率，其光提取效率可以达到77.75%。此研究可以为制备高光提取效率LED提供理论方法指导。     

基于白光LED的室内行走目标三维定位方法

为了解决现有可见光室内动态目标定位方法中出现的阴影遮蔽、保密性差、光源能耗量大且相互干扰等实际问题,提高定位精度,提出一种基于白光LED的室内行走目标定位方法。分析了室内行走特点,建立基于固定的复眼接收器、SiO2透明地板和光束位移的定位模型,对两处最优复眼透镜进行虚拟直射变换,实现行走目标的三维定位。该方法仅用单一LED发射器即可精确定位,节省了大量能耗。同时,有效缩短了光束传播距离,提高了光功率,具有良好的保密性和泛化性。实验表明:动态目标定位方法监测位置误差率能够限制在3.5%以内;当对5个以上行走目标定位时,若相邻接收器间距与接收器覆盖半径相等,则定位精度最高。     

Optical design of a Butterfly lens for a street light based on a double-cluster LED

We construct a precise optical model of the cluster LED and propose a design of a peanut form lens to achieve an optical utilization factor of 45% and uniformity of 1/2.7. Then we propose a new design of so-called Butterfly lens with unequal tilt design aimed to serve a double-cluster LED but with a tightened size. The optical utilization factor of the Butterfly lens is about 43.8%, the uniformity is around 1/2.7, and an averaged illuminance of 14 lx, which could meet almost all types requested by IESNA. The design of the Butterfly lens is proven workable for a double-cluster LED.     

Numerical analysis on an OOK-NRZ visible light communication system based on a single white LED

An OOK-NRZ visible light communication (VLC) system is designed by using a single white LED and a 550 nm visible photodetector. The emitting model of the single LED is established, and the general expression of the detector’s output signals under OOK modulation is deduced. With the selected LED, detector and other related parameters, the designed communication system is optimized and its performance is analyzed. The optimized communication distance between the LED and the detector is 0.54 m at the communication bit rate of 1 Mbit/s. With the best communication distance, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is larger than 6.5 dB, the bit error rate (BER) can drop to 10-4. The analytical model and theory presented in this paper can be of certain practical meanings in the design of similar communication systems.     

Half‐duplex visible light communication using an LED as both a transmitter and a receiver

In typical visible light communication (VLC) systems, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as optical transmitters and photodiodes are used as optical receivers. Currently, many communication devices such as smart phones have a built‐in LED lamp whereas they usually do not have a built‐in photodiode. If we find a way to receive VLC signals without the need to add an additional photodiode on the communication devices, it will contribute to the spread of VLC. Therefore, we propose and demonstrate a VLC scheme without the need for a photodiode. As the first step, we investigate the characteristics of an LED as a VLC receiver and find out that an LED can also be used as a VLC receiver in certain conditions. Then, we demonstrate a half‐duplex VLC system using an LED as both an optical transmitter and an optical receiver, without the need for a photodiode. This technique could be used in various applications such as the VLC between smart phones with a built‐in LED lamp and the VLC between LED traffic lights. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Correlation of scanning thermal microscopy and near-field cathodoluminescence analyses on a blue GaN light emitting device

A scanning near-field thermal microscope and a scanning electron microscope/scanning near-field optical microscope hybrid system for near-field cathodoluminescence investigations were used to characterize blue GaN LEDs. Optoelectronic, electronic and thermal device properties are determinable with highest resolution. These results provide an interesting perspective with respect to failure analyses and reliability of the devices.     

视觉检测系统LED光源照度优化方法

针对当前视觉检测系统LED光源照度优化研究中存在的照度效果评价因素单一、照度优化方法通用性不足等问题,以芯片封装质量视觉检测为例,提出一种基于改进樽海鞘算法的LED光源照度优化方法。该方法在单个LED光源照度数学模型基础上,建立标准条形LED阵列光源照度数学模型,获取条形LED阵列在任意空间位姿与被测面的照度值;基于照度均匀度、照度梯度变化与对中度、平均照度、目标与背景区分度等因素建立平面照度效果评价函数;提出改进樽海鞘算法,通过改进算法收敛系数、速度、领导者与追随者位置等更新策略,增强区域搜索的多样性;应用改进樽海鞘算法对平面照度效果评价函数进行优化求解,获取具有最优照度效果的空间位姿参数。实验结果表明:考察优化区域的相对照度分布,文中提出的LED光源照度优化方法所得照度分布与实际测量所得照度分布结果基本一致,目标区域理论照度均匀度在98.78%以上,误差在5.57%以内。因此文中提出方法优化目标合理,可用于视觉检测系统具有最优照度效果时光源位姿信息参数的获取。     

YAG:Ce3 荧光粉对白光LED衰减的影响

对封装的蓝光和白光LED进行了光衰对比试验,结果表明,白光LED初期衰减明显比蓝光LED快.因此,又对自制的YAG:Ce3 荧光粉进行了光照、温度测试,结果发现,荧光粉在光照作用下,荧光强度出现先降后升然后稳定的现象,跟白光LED的衰减相吻合,结合色坐标的偏移,蓝光LED本身的衰减仍是白光LED衰减的主要原因.     

Performance study of an OFDM visible light communication system based on white LED array

By introducing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, a visible light communication (VLC) system using a 5x5 white LED array is studied in this paper. The OFDM transmitter and receiver are modeled through MATLAB/Simulink tool. The electrical-optical-electrical (EOE) response of the VLC channel, which is also the response of the detector, is derived based on Lambert’s lighting model. Then the modeling on the overall OFDM/VLC system is established by combining the above three models together. The effects of the factors which include the digital modulation, Reed-Solomon (RS) coding, pilot form, pilot ratio (PR) and communication distance on the bit error rate (BER) of the system are discussed. The results show that through the use of RS coding, block pilot, quadrate phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation and a suitable pilot ratio about 1/3, under the communication rate about 550 kbit/s, the BER can be dropped to below 10-5, and the communication distance can reach 0.9 m.     

Numerical simulation of the properties of solar cells based on GaPNAs/Si heterostructures and GaN nanowires

Using methods of numerical simulation, the modes of operation are considered and structures are determined for solar cells of combined dimension based on a planar GaPNAs/Si heterostructure and an array of GaN nanowires. It is shown that the array of GaN nanowires features antireflective properties at a level no lower than 2.5% under illumination with the AM1.5D solar spectrum. The efficiency of solar cells is affected to the greatest extent by the lifetimes of minority charge carriers and the thickness of photoactive layers. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of two-junction solar cells composed of GaPNAs alloy layers and an array of GaN nanowires on a Si substrate can be as high as 32% for AM1.5D.     

背照式AIGaN/GaN基光电探测器的结构设计及性能模拟

基于扩散漂移方程,对背照式日盲紫外AlxGa1-xN异质结p-i-n光电二极管和可见盲GaN同质结吸收区和倍增区分离的雪崩光电二极管(SAM-APD)进行了建模,模拟分析了这两种探测器的光电响应特性和电学参数,结果与实测数据和文献报道数据一致性较好.计算时还考虑了材料制备和器件工艺的实际情况,分析了有关参数对器件性能的...     

Comparison of a simulation and an exact method for reliability evaluation of large networks using a personal computer

An analysis of the relative merits and demerits of a simulation and an exact method for system reliability evaluation is presented. The comparison is performed using computer programs developed on a personal computer. The networks used in the analysis are randomly generated. Although computer implementations of some system reliability evaluation methods are available in the reliability literature, the programs are not portable. Most of the programs were developed either on a mainframe or a mini computer in different software environments. Due to the recent developments in computer technology, extremely fast personal computers are available. The emphasis of this paper is on the use of a standard personal computer, such as the IBM-PC or a compatible, in order to develop and compare computerized algorithms.     

GaN发光二极管的老化数学模型及寿命测试方法

GaN发光二极管因其寿命、效率和环保等优点得到了广泛的应用。寿命问题一直是限制GaN发光二极管应用的核心问题。为了研究GaN发光二极管的老化过程,计算了GaN发光二极管物理参数,分析了GaN发光二极管的深能级缺陷和非辐射复合中心增加的老化原理,并且针对该原理的老化过程进行物理原理的分析推导,进而建立了老化数学模型。同时,利用一组实际的GaN发光二极管大应力老化实验的数据进行计算,提出了利用该数学模型的GaN发光二极管寿命的测试方法和数学计算方法,并计算出实验GaN发光二极管的寿命数值。提出的GaN发光二极管老化数学模型对比传统的阿伦纽斯模型具有针对性强、物理意义明显和寿命预测准等优点,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

Design of an efficient projector for LED flat lamp without light guide plate

An efficient LED projector is designed for the LED flat lamp without light guide plate （LGP）, in order to get high-efficiency lighting capablility and low cost of LED flat lamp. By employing refraction and total reflection, uni- form intensity distribution of the emergent light and high-efficiency lighting capablility are achieved. The simulation results show that the output efficiency and intensity distribution on LED flat lamp panel depend on the distance be- tween projector and output panel, the rotation angle of the projector and the gap between projector and LED. It per- forms well in both lighting efficiency and uniformity, while a distance of 5 mm, a rotation angle of 2° and a gap of 1.2 mm are used with the panel size of 240 mm×360 mm in the LED flat lamp without LGP. And 96.6% of optical uni- formity is achieved.