分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肝中磺胺类、喹诺酮类和苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物的残留量

建立了一种分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS)测定鸡肝中12种磺胺类、19种喹诺酮类和8种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留的分析方法。样品用1%乙酸-乙腈溶液提取,NH2吸附剂净化,正己烷脱脂。用Kromasil Eternity C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。39种药物在5～100 μg/kg的空白添加浓度范围内线性良好(r2＞0.98);在10～50 μg/kg的添加水平范围内,平均回收率为72%～121%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%～23.4%; 39种药物的检出限(LOD)为5 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为10 μg/kg。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适合鸡肝中磺胺类、喹诺酮类和苯并咪唑类药物残留的确证和定量测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱对蜂王浆中27种药物残留的同时测定

建立了蜂王浆中氯霉素、磺胺类、磺胺增效剂、氟喹诺酮类、林可胺类、硝基咪唑类、大环内酯类等7大类27种药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定的分析方法。对提取溶剂、提取pH值、色谱柱、流动相、质谱条件进行了优化。结果表明,氯霉素的线性范围为0.3~10μg/kg,其余26种药物的线性范围为2~100μg/kg;氯霉素的检出限(S/N=3)为0.1μg/kg,其余26种药物的检出限均为1μg/kg;回收率达70%~119%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~14.9%。该方法满足蜂王浆中27种药物残留的同时测定要求,具有样品预处理简单、灵敏度高、分析时间短的优点。     

氧化锌QuEChERS/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中7种林可酰胺类与大环内酯类兽药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)快速测定蜂蜜中7种林可酰胺类和大环内酯类兽药残留的方法。样品采用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.0)溶解,1%氨水乙腈提取,无水硫酸钠盐析,以80 mg ZnO+20 mg PSA净化。以0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相,采用Waters XBridge C_(18)(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,电喷雾电离正离子模式(ESI~+)扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,7种目标化合物在各自的质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)均不小于0.999 3,方法检出限为0.21～0.35μg/kg,定量下限为0.69～1.16μg/kg;在3个加标水平(5.0、10.0、20.0μg/kg)下的平均回收率为75.5%～99.0%,相对标准偏差为0.78%～5.9%。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足蜂蜜中7种林可酰胺类和大环内酯类兽药残留的快速检测要求。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测火锅食材中11种喹诺酮类药物

建立了一种固相分散萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测火锅食材中11种喹诺酮类药物的方法。样品用5%甲酸乙腈溶液提取后加入盐析剂分层,提取液中加入C18和PSA填料进行基质分散固相净化,浓缩后经Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱分离,用电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式串联质谱进行检测。11种药物在1.0~100.0 μg/kg范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998。该方法检出限(LOD)为1.8~3.1 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为6.0~10.3 μg/kg。11种药物的回收率为70.1%~100.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.42%~10.88%。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、准确度好、使用范围广,可作为火锅食材中11种喹诺酮类药物残留的确证方法。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中8类38种兽药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、磺胺类、磺胺增效剂、林可胺类、硝基咪唑类、喹啉类和多肽类8类共38种限用兽药残留的检测方法。试样用1%乙酸乙腈溶液提取,经冷冻离心分离和正己烷净化后,HPLC-MS/MS进行测定,基质曲线外标法定量。在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)方式采集数据进行定性与定量分析。38种兽药在水产品中的基质溶液标准曲线线性系数(r)均大于0.99;在4个不同浓度加标水平下,平均回收率为43%～123%;日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%～26.4%,日间RSD为1.6%～28.9%;定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为5～20μg/kg。方法简单、快速、可靠,可用于水产品中兽药多残留的快速筛查。     

UHPLC-MS/MS法快速测定水产品中17种磺胺和喹诺酮类药物

建立了UHPLC-MS/MS法测定水产品中10种磺胺类(SAs)和7种喹诺酮类(QNs)药物残留的分析方法。样品用200 g/L盐酸羟胺-乙腈溶液提取,以乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测模式检测,同时对水产品中10种SAs和7种QNs进行定量和定性。在0.25～4.0μg/kg和0.10～2.0μg/kg范围内两类药物的线性良好(r2>0.99);平均回收率为均为80%～120%,RSD为7.4%～14%;10种磺胺药物的检测限(LOD)均为5.0μg/kg,7种喹诺酮药物检测限(LOD)均为2.0μg/kg。该方法适合水产品中这两类药物残留的确证和定量测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测口腔卫生产品中抗生素类药物

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了口腔卫生产品(牙膏及漱口水)中5类共13种抗生素的同时检测方法。分析物包括5种四环素类、3种大环内酯类、2种喹诺酮类、1种β-内酰胺类和2种林可胺类抗生素。样品经0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液-乙腈(95:5, v/v)提取,高速离心并过滤,稀释后采用C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源串联质谱,在正离子扫描方式下以多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。13种抗生素类药物在5.0～50.0 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(相关系数大于0.99),定量限为10.0 mg/kg。两种基质(牙膏及漱口水)样品在10、20和100 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.1%～115%,相对标准偏差为0.94%～8.69%。该方法准确可靠、方便快捷,适用于口腔卫生产品中抗生素类药物的定性定量分析。     

改进的QuEChERS结合LC-MS/MS同时测定蜂蜜中60种兽药残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中60种兽药残留的LC-MS/MS检测方法。蜂蜜样品采用Mcllvaine缓冲溶液(pH 4)稀释,5%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经盐析,NH2吸附剂分散固相萃取净化,LC-MS/MS动态多反应监控模式测定。在3个添加水平下(n=6),60种兽药平均回收率在70%～120%范围内的占比分别为96.7%,98.3%和98.3%,RSD为0.6%～20%。在0.1～1000μg/kg范围内,81.7%的目标物的线性相关系数(r2)>0.995,检出限和定量限范围分别为0.01～17.99μg/kg和0.02～59.97μg/kg。对16个市售蜂蜜样品进行测定,其中5个样品中检出磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类等兽药残留。该方法具有一次处理样品,可同时测定60种兽药残留的特点,适合于蜂蜜中多类兽药的高通量筛查检测。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物组织中林可酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素残留

建立了动物组织样品中洁霉素、氯洁霉素、红霉素、螺旋霉素、交沙霉素、泰乐菌素、竹桃霉素等7种林可酰胺类及大环内酯类药物多残留的液/质联用确证方法。用乙腈萃取样品中7种林可酰胺类及大环内酯类抗生素,然后用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发仪浓缩,以LunaC18(2)色谱柱为分离柱,在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱仪进行测定。方法的检出限为0.05~5.3μg/kg。在20、50、200μg/kg3个浓度水平进行验证实验,方法的线性范围为20~200μg/kg;总体平均回收率为70.3%~102%;相对标准偏差为2.4%~16.6%。本方法简便、快速、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外法规的要求,可用于动物组织样品中林可酰胺类及大环内酯类抗生素残留的确证检测。     

分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定畜禽肉中63种兽药残留

建立了分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(dispersive-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定畜禽肉中 β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、磺胺类增效剂和抗寄生虫类共5类63种兽药残留的新方法。样品经0.1 mol/L Na₂EDTA溶液及含1% (体积分数)乙酸的乙腈溶液涡旋提取,提取液经C18分散固相萃取净化后,用Poroshell EC-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.4 μm)分离,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下以动态多反应监测(DMRM)方式采集数据并做定性筛查和定量分析。63种药物在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;不同畜禽肉(猪肉、牛肉及鸡肉)在3个不同添加水平下的平均回收率为62.2%~112.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~16.3%,检出限(LOD, S/N≥3)和定量限(LOQ, S/N≥10)分别为0.1~3.0 μg/kg和0.5~10.0 μg/kg。该方法简便快速、灵敏可靠,适用于畜禽产品中兽药多残留的同时快速定性筛查和定量分析。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留

采用冷冻脂质过滤,结合分散固相萃取净化的QuEChERS方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留的检测方法。样品中的11类兽药（硝基咪唑类、苯并咪唑类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、雄激素类、孕激素类、糖皮质醇类、雌激素类、氯霉素类）用70%（v/v）乙腈-水溶液（含0.1 mol/L EDTA）提取后,提取液在-20℃冷冻处理2 h,再经分散固相萃取法净化,净化液经稀释后,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果显示125种兽药的线性相关系数R²≥0.99,定量限范围为2.0~60 μg/kg,回收率在60.4%~119.3%之间,相对标准偏差在0.3%~16.1%之间。该方法前处理简单、准确、成本较低,适用于鸡蛋中兽药残留的高通量快速检测分析。     

Multi-class determination of antimicrobials in meat by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A multi-residue method using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for determining trace levels of 31 antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, lincosamides, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, nitroimidazoles and trimethoprim. The extraction method required pre-homogeneization of the meat with EDTA-washed sand and subsequent one-static-cycle extraction for 10 min with 40 ml of water at 1500 psi and 70 degrees C. The effect of operation temperature, pressure, flush volume, and static cycles on PLE performance was studied. Average recoveries ranged from 75 to 99% with relative standard deviations <18%. The method was validated according to the European Union requirements (2002/657/EC). In addition to the quality parameters included in that decision, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were determined. The use of LC-MS/MS provided LODs (between 3 and 15 microg kg(-1)) and LOQs (between 10 and 50 microg kg(-1)), by far lower than half of their maximum residue limits (MRLs) (between 50 and 1200 microg kg(-1)). Confirmation of the presence of any of the studied compounds was accomplished in 1h after sample receipt. This methodology has been successfully applied to the analysis of cattle and pig tissue samples from local markets and slaughterhouses of the Valencian Community (Spain). The results showed the presence of some antimicrobials at different concentrations. Quinolones and tetracyclines were the antimicrobials most detected in cattle and pig samples, respectively. Sulfonamides were also frequently detected in both types of samples.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测雄蜂蛹粉中50种抗生素残留

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱检测雄蜂蛹粉中50种抗生素残留（大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类、硝基咪唑类、林可霉素和氯霉素）的方法。样品经高氯酸溶液和醋酸铅溶液提取沉淀蛋白质，清液用磷酸氢二钾溶液调节pH值至8，经固相萃取净化后进行仪器分析。采用多反应监测正离子或负离子模式检测，可以一次完成对雄蜂蛹粉中50种目标化合物的定性和定量测定。50种抗生素的加标回收率为70.2%~118.3%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.8%~13.6%。该方法操作简便，灵敏度高，适用于雄蜂蛹粉中多种兽药残留的分析确证。     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取技术同时测定蜂蜜中多类兽药残留

采用多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定蜂蜜中的磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类和四环素类等52种兽药残留. 样品用Na₂EDTA-Mcllvaine提取,经改性的多壁碳纳米管固相萃取小柱净化,通过Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%（体积分数）的甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾-正离子多反应监测的质谱模式,以基质外标法进行定量分析. 实验结果表明,52种兽药在相应的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.99,该方法的定量限为1.5 ~7.5 μg/kg. 在7.5,25和50 μg/kg 3个浓度添加水平下,各种兽药的回收率为67.3% ~117.8%,相对标准偏差为1.9% ~17.4%. 结果表明,多壁碳纳米管固相萃取材料具有较好的净化效果,适用于蜂蜜中多类兽药残留的同时检测.     

Simultaneous determination of multiveterinary drug residues in pork meat by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry combined with solid phase extraction

An LC‐MS/MS method developed for simultaneous analysis of 54 veterinary drug residues of six families in pork meat samples, including sulfanilamide, nitroimidazoles, quinolones, macrolide antibiotics, lincosamides, and praziquantel. The pork meat sample was prepared by extraction with ACN, and clean‐up on a C₁₈ SPE cartridge. The sample was separated on a C₈ column and eluted with ACN, methanol, and formic acid. The MS/MS detector is operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode, acquiring two specific precursor‐product ion transitions per target compound. The method showed excellent linearity (R² ≥ 0.99) and high precision (relative SD, RSD ≤ 19.8%) for all compounds. The method quantification limits of 54 veterinary drug residues were in the range of 0.3–3.0 μg/kg. Recoveries for most analytes based on matrix‐matched calibration in matrices were 20.9–121.0%. This method has been successfully applied for analysis of more than 100 pork meat samples from the local market; five of the 54 drugs were detected.     

Rapid determination of nitroimidazole residues in honey by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

We developed a rapid and efficient means of determining residues of four nitroimidazoles-i.e., dimetridazole, ipronidazole, metronidazole, and ronidazole-and three hydrophilic metabolites- i.e., 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1 -methyl-2-(2'-hydroxyisopropyl)-5-nitroimidazole, and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-nitroimidazole--in honey. We applied a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) procedure improved to suit a nitroimidazole analysis, which is fast (approximately 30 min) and uses less organic solvent. The procedure involves initial single-phase extraction of 5 g of honey with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning involving the addition of 5 g sodium chloride, 1.5 g trisodium citrate dihydrate, and 4 g magnesium sulfate. Moreover, matrix from honey was reduced by an SPE method with an alumina-N cartridge. The samples were analyzed using LC/MS/MS. Chromatographic separation of these nitroimidazoles and metabolites was performed in the gradient mode on a pentafluorophenylpropyl-bonded silica column (150x2.0 mm, 3 pm particle size) at 40 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of a 0.01% acetic acid solution and acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL/min. The method was validated using honey spiked with these nitroimidazoles from 0.1 to 0.5 microg/kg. The overall recovery of the seven nitroimidazoles ranged from 76.1 to 98.5%; intra- and interassay CV values were <9.5 and <14.2%, respectively. The LOQ ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 microg/kg. LC/MS/MS coupled with the QuEChERS method showed good potential as a method for determining nitroimidazole residues in honey.     

Development and validation of a multiclass method for the analysis of antibiotic residues in eggs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A multiclass method for the analysis of residues, in egg matrices, of 41 antimicrobial agents belonging to seven families (sulfonamides, diaminopyridine derivates, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, penicillins and lincosamides) was developed and validated according to the requirements of European Commission Decision 2002/657. Compounds were extracted with a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technique using a 1:1 mixture of acetonitrile and a succinic acid buffer (pH 6.0) at 70 °C. As this resulted in clear extracts, no further clean-up was necessary. Analytes were determined by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPL–MS/MS) in a chromatographic run of 13 min. Calibration was carried out with spiked blank samples subjected to the entire analytical procedure. Five compounds, two of them isotopically labelled, were used as internal standards. Most analytes were quantified with errors below 10%. Precision in terms of reproducibility standard deviation was between 10% and 20% in most cases. CCα values were in the range 0.5–3.8 μg kg⁻¹ for the non-authorized compounds. The proposed method would enable an experienced analyst to process about 25 samples per day.     

Simultaneous determination of 16 sulfonamides in honey by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A method is described for the determination of 16 sulfonamides in honey. Samples are dissolved in phosphoric acid solution (pH2), cleaned up with 2 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, an aromatic sulfonic cation-exchange cartridge and an Oasis HLB SPE cartridge, and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) under the selected conditions. Without exception, calibration curves were linear (r = > 0.995), when sulfamethizole was between 1.0 and 25.0 microg/kg; sulfacetamide, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfadoxine were between 2.0 and 50.0 microg/kg; sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfathiazole were between 4.0 and 100.0 microg/kg; sulfamethazine and sulfameter were between 8.0 and 200.0 microg/kg; and sulfaphenazole was between 12.0 and 300.0 microg/kg. Average recoveries at 4 fortification levels in the range of 1.0-300 microg/kg in honey were 70.9-102.5%, and relative standard deviations were 2.02-11.52%. The limits of quantitation for the 16 sulfonamides were between 1.0 and 12.0 microg/kg, with the LC/MS/MS method.     

Determination of pesticide residues in honey by single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography

A novel, simple, and rapid single-drop microextraction (SDME) procedure combined with GC has been developed, validated, and applied for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in honey samples. The SDME was optimized using a Plackett-Burman screening design considering all parameters that may influence an SDME procedure and a consequent central composite design to control the parameters that were found to significantly influence the pesticide determination. The developed analytical method required minimal volumes of organic solvents and exhibited good analytical characteristics with enrichment factors ranging from 3 for alpha-endosulfan to 10 for lindane, procymidone, and captan and method quantification limits ranging from 0.03 microg/kg for phosalone to 10.6 microg/kg for diazinon. The relative recoveries obtained ranged from 70.8% for captan to 120% for fenarimol, and the precision (RSD) ranged from 3 to 15%. The proposed SDME procedure followed by GC with an electron capture detector for quantification and GC/MS for identification was applied with success to the analysis of 17 honey samples. Monitoring results indicated a low level of honey contamination by diazinon, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, procymidone, bromopropylate, and endosulfan (alpha-, beta-, and endosulfan sulfate) residues that were far below the maximum residue limit values specified by the European Union for endosulfan (10 microg/kg) and bromopropylate (100 microg/kg) in honey samples.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的林可胺类抗生素残留

建立了蜂蜜中林可胺类抗生素林可霉素和氯林可霉素的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC/ESI-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经固相萃取提取净化、反相液相色谱分离后进行质谱分析,在选择反应监测模式(SRM) 下进行特征母-子离子对信号采集。根据保留时间、母离子和两个特征子离子信息进行定性分析,以共同的基峰离子m/z 126进行定量。两种抗生素的检测限(S/N=3) 为 0.1 μg/kg,定量限为 0.5 μg/kg,在1.0～200 μg/L时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r2>0.996)。在1.0,5.0,20.0 μg/kg 3个添加水平,两种抗生素的平均回收率范围为80%～110%,日内测定结果的相对标准偏差小于8%,日间测定结果的相对标准偏差小于15%。结果表明,该法简单、灵敏,特异性强,适用于蜂蜜中林可胺类抗生素残留的分析确证。