鼻腔非何杰金淋巴瘤的放射治疗

 目的:分析鼻腔非何杰金淋巴瘤(NHL)治疗方法和疗效。 方法:1975年6月～1993年3月收治30例鼻腔NHL。 单纯放疗16例, 综合治疗(放疗＋化疗)14例。 照射剂量:<45Gy15例, ≥45Gy15例。 结果:全组5年生存率为70.8％(17/24)。 病变局F民于鼻腔和超出鼻腔组的5年生存率分别为85.7％和50.0％。 单纯放疗组和放疗＋化疗组的5年生存率分别为57.1％和90.0％。 照射剂量<45Gy和≥45Gy的5年生存率分别为64.3％和80.0％。 建议:病变局限于鼻腔者不必做颈部预防性照射。 对病变超出鼻腔或有区域淋巴结受侵者, 应采用放疗与化疗综合治疗。     

睾丸精原细胞瘤124例临床分析

目的探讨睾丸精原细胞瘤的治疗和预后之间的关系。方法回顾性分析山东省肿瘤防治研究院１９６３年７月～１９９５年１１月收治的精原细胞瘤患者１２４例,其中,Ⅰ期精原细胞瘤患者仅做精索高位结扎睾丸切除加髂－腹主动脉旁淋巴引流区放射治疗;Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精原细胞瘤术后给予放疗及有计划地加用辅助性化疗。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精原细胞瘤５年生存率分别为９５．９％、７０．４％、和０。结论Ⅰ期精原细胞瘤患者仅做精索高位结扎睾丸切除加髂－腹主动脉旁淋巴引流区放射治疗可以治愈;而对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病例单用睾丸切除加淋巴引流区放射治疗是不够的,为改善Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精原细胞瘤患者的预后,在预防性／根治性照射后,有计划的加用辅助性化疗是必要的。     

Ⅰ～ⅡA/B期睾丸精原细胞瘤诊治及放疗进展

睾丸精原细胞瘤是青壮年男性的好发肿瘤之一。过去放疗一直是Ⅰ期及ⅡA／B期精原细胞瘤的术后标准治疗;但近年来Ⅰ期患者术后,密切随访、放疗、化疗均为可接受方案。ⅡA期术后标准治疗是放疗。ⅡB期可放疗或化疗。对于放疗患者,Ⅰ期可行单纯腹主动脉旁照射,或腹主动脉旁＋同侧髂淋巴结区照射,剂量20Gy／10次,2周。Ⅱ期行腹主动脉旁＋同侧髂淋巴结区照射20Gy／10次,2周,结束后针对病灶缩野加量至30Gy／15次。3周至36Gy／18次,3．6周。     

28例宫颈癌放疗后主动脉旁淋巴结转移的调强放射治疗

目的：探讨调强放射治疗（intensity modulated radiation therapy，IMRT）用于宫颈癌放疗后主动脉旁淋巴结转移患者的治疗效果、减少并发症的价值。方法：28例宫颈癌放疗后主动脉旁淋巴结转移患者（KPS≥70）放疗前均行1～3个周期化疗，然后给予全程IMRT，1．8～2．3Gy／次，1次／日，5次／周，总处方剂量58～68Gy，中位剂量63．5Gy，同时设计28例患者的普通主动脉旁2野照射计划，拟给予相同的处方剂量，比较危险器宫（organs at risk，OAR）受照射剂量。随机选择32例接受普通放疗的病例，比较IMRT和普通放疗的急慢性毒副反应及近期疗效。结果：28例患者均完成全程IMRT，照射靶区内计划靶区体积（planning target volume，PTV）的平均剂量为67．5Gy，90％的等剂量曲线（中位剂量63．5Gy）可以覆盖99％以上的肉眼肿瘤靶区体积（grosstumor volume，GTV）。IMRT与普通主动脉旁两野比较，肾、脊髓、小肠的受照射剂量明显减小（P均〈0．05），急、慢性毒副反应明显减少。两组完全缓解率和有效率比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。1、2年生存率IMRT组较普通放疗组明显提高（P〈0．05），但3年生存率比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：IMRT技术用于治疗宫颈癌放疗后主动脉旁淋巴结转移，可获得理想的剂量分布，靶区可以获得根治性剂量，临近危险器宫得到很好的保护，临床近期疗效满意，毒副反应可以耐受。     

Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤的术后放疗：附24例临床分析

目的 评论Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤术后放疗的价值。方法 1992年1月～1997年12月收治的24例术后均经病理证实的Ⅰ期精原细胞瘤,7例行腹主动脉旁和腹股沟区分野照射,剂量30～50Cy。17例行“狗腿野”(不分野)照射,剂量25～35Gy。结果 1例病人放疗后2个月发生肺转移。无肾、膀胱、小肠等并发症。结论 病人行高位睾丸摘除术后应常规行隔下淋巴引流区“狗腿野”预防照射,剂量以25Gy为宜,阴囊不必照射。     

腹股沟隐睾精原细胞瘤和阴囊睾丸精原细胞瘤预后的比较

目的分析腹股沟隐睾精原细胞瘤的预后,提出治疗方法。方法我们回顾性分析了１９５８～１９９１年治疗的４３例患者。根据我院精原细胞瘤分期标准,Ⅰ期３３例,Ⅱ期８例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期各１例。所有患者均经腹股沟隐睾肿瘤切除术,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期以放射治疗为主,Ⅲ及Ⅳ期各１例分别行放疗或化疗。结果全组总的５年、１０年生存率分别为９３．０％和９０．３％,相应无病生存率分别为８８．１％和８５．３％。Ⅰ期５年、１０年总生存率均为１００％,Ⅱ期为７５．０％和６０．０％。２例复发,经放疗治愈。结论本组研究结果表明,腹股沟隐睾精原细胞瘤预后较好,和阴囊睾丸精原细胞瘤相似。建议对Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期早行术后腹主动脉旁和同侧盆腔淋巴结照射。当有腹股沟淋巴结转移或原发肿瘤明显侵及腹股沟周围组织时,再行腹股沟照射。     

32例妇科恶性肿瘤术后调强适形放射治疗分析

目的 探讨调强适形放射治疗（IMRT）在妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后治疗中的效果及价值。方法 32例子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌术后患者（KPS≥70）在放疗前均行1～3个周期的化疗,而后给予全程IMRT。其中17例为术后、化疗后预防性照射,15例为术后、放疗和（或）化疗后腹膜后淋巴结转移和（或）盆腔壁复发的放疗。结果 32例患者均完成全程放射治疗,预防性照射的计划靶区（PTV）中位剂量为56．8Gy;腹膜后淋巴结转移、盆壁复发的胛V中位剂量为60．6Gy,90％的等剂量曲线可以覆盖99％以上的肉眼肿瘤靶区（GTV）体积。小肠、膀胱、直肠、肾脏和脊髓的中位剂量分别为21．3Gy、37．8Gy、35．3Gy、8．5Gy和22．1Gy。14例患者出现Ⅰ～Ⅱ级消化道反应,其中Ⅱ级反应者3例,I级反应者11例;5例出现Ⅰ～Ⅱ度骨髓抑制;12例出现Ⅰ级皮肤反应。1年生存率为100％。预防性照射的2、3年生存率均为100％;腹膜后淋巴结转移和（或）盆腔壁复发患者的2、3年生存分别为5／7和3／6。结论 IMRT对妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者的预防性照射和复发患者的放疗均可获得理想的剂量分布,邻近危险器官得到保护,临床近期疗效满意。     

原发性睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤

原发性睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)极少见,仅占所有NHL的1%～2%,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤是最常见的病理类型.多发于60岁以上老年人.对侧睾丸受侵率高,易侵及中枢神经系统、皮肤等结外器官.ⅠE/ⅡE期病人睾丸切除术后综合治疗可降低复发率,提高生存率.晚期病人以化疗为主.对侧睾丸预防照射可降低其复发率,但中枢神经系统的预防性鞘内注药是否降低复发率还有争议.该病复发率高,预后差,国际预后指数与其预后相关.     

Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤术后放射治疗的临床分析

探讨Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤术后放疗的临床效果。方法：自1993年至1999年，对30例Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤病人在睾丸切除术后，设“狗腿子野“以对膈下、腹主动脉旁同侧髂血管淋巴结引流区行预防照射，每次DT1.5-1.8Gy，总DT25-30Gy。结果：随访1年半-7年，平均4年2个月，仅1例在放疗后4年发生腹膜后淋巴结转移，经再次放疗及全向化疗后治愈，其余患者未见复发和转移。结论：Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤术后辅以“狗腿子野”放疗，治疗效果好，病人可获长期存活。     

睾丸精原细胞瘤的术后放疗（附49例分析）

目的 评价睾丸精原细胞瘤术后放疗的价值。方法 将1988～1998年收治的49例睾丸精原细胞瘤的术后病例作淋巴引流区放疗，放疗量DT 25～30Gy，个别病例增加至DT 40Gy。结果 本组病例的3,5、10年生存率分别为：Ⅰ期97％、93.7％、80％；Ⅱ期：82％、63．6％、60％；Ⅲ期33％、17％、0％。结论 病人行高位睾丸摘除术后应常规行淋巴引流区放疗，对晚期的应加用化疗，从而减少远处转移。     

Clinical features of testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--focus on treatment strategy

Testicular primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is said to account for about 5% of all testicular tumors and about 2% of extranodular lymphoma. From a clinical standpoint, we reviewed testicular NHL of stage IE treated at our department over the past 18 years. Among the 865 cases of NHL, 19 (2.2%) were primary testicular NHL, stage IE. The 19 patients had a median age of 62 years (range 48-77 years), all had diffuse B-cell lymphoma. Of the 19 patients, 8 were treated with radiotherapy after high inguinal orchiectomy (Group I), 4 received both postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Group II), and 7 received additional prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy (Group III). The 5-year survival rates for Groups I, II and III were 37.5%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. None of the patients receiving prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy had relapse in the central nervous system and all of them are alive and disease-free. Primary testicular NHL is relatively common among elderly persons, and many patients die as a result of central nervous system recurrence. These results suggest that preventive measures for central nervous system recurrence such as intrathecal injection of anticancer agents should be taken into consideration as early as at the induction of remission.     

Clinical Features of Testicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Focus on Treatment Strategy

Testicular primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is said to account for about 5% of all testicular tumors and about 2% of extranodular lymphoma. From a clinical standpoint, we reviewed testicular NHL of stage IE treated at our department over the past 18 years. Among the 865 cases of NHL, 19 (2.2%) were primary testicular NHL, stage IE. The 19 patients had a median age of 62 years (range 48-77 years), all had diffuse B-cell lymphoma. Of the 19 patients, 8 were treated with radiotherapy after high inguinal orchiectomy (Group I), 4 received both postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Group II), and 7 received additional prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy (Group III). The 5-year survival rates for Groups I, II and III were 37.5%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. None of the patients receiving prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy had relapse in the central nervous system and all of them are alive and disease-free. Primary testicular NHL is relatively common among elderly persons, and many patients die as a result of central nervous system recurrence. These results suggest that preventive measures for central nervous system recurrence such as intrathecal injection of anticancer agents should be taken into consideration as early as at the induction of remission.     

The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma

Eighty-four patients with malignant lymphoma in N.I.R.S., whose five-year survival was evaluated, were divided into two groups. The first one was treated mainly with irradiation between 1961 and 1972 (n = 36) and the second one mainly with anticancer drugs thereafter (n = 48). The survival of the second group was significantly superior to the first one: 60% vs 20% in the five-year survival rate of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 40% vs 20% in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). These results were due to the systemic application of chemotherapy in the second group. On the other hand, 40% of the patients with NHL in the head and neck at stages I + II and who received radiotherapy alone survived. Through a detailed analysis of these data, the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma was discussed.     

原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗选择和疗效

目的 分析原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）放疗和化疗的近期疗效以及治疗方法对预后的影响。方法 129例经病理证实的原发鼻腔NHL患者中,经形态学诊断为鼻腔NK／T细胞淋巴瘤者116例。做免疫组化57例,其中52例为NK／T细胞来源,占91．2％;5例为B细胞来源,占8．8％。根据Ann Arbor分期,ⅠE期102例,ⅡE期22例,ⅣE期5例,ⅠE和ⅡE期患者中,单纯放疗22例,单纯化疗7例,综合治疗95例,ⅣE期以化疗为主。结果 5年总生存率（OS）和无病生存率（DFS）分别为68．0％和55．8％,ⅠE期和ⅡE期患者的5年OS分别为71．7％和70．6％（P=0．77）,DFS分别为60．9％和47．0％（P=0．09）。首程治疗后达CR患者的5年OS为83．1％,而未达CR患者的5年OS为18．0％（P=0．000）,相应5年DFS分别为68．0％和15．5％（P=0．000）。124例ⅠE和ⅡE期患者中,67例患者接受单纯放疗或放疗后化疗,放疗后完全缓解率（CR）为74．7％,其余57例为化疗后放疗或单纯化疗,化疗后CR率仅19．3％（P=0．000）,46例化疗后未达CR的患者中,42例仍局限于局部区域,31例经放疗达到CR,ⅠE和ⅡE期患者中,先放疗组（放疗＋化疗或单纯放疗）、化疗后放疗组的5年OS分别为76．0％和74．4％,DFS分别为65．0％和56．2％（P〉0．05）,ⅠE和ⅡE期单纯化疗7例,3例存活,4例死亡,中位生存时间15个月,1年生存率为26．7％。结论 中国人原发鼻腔NHL主要为NK／T细胞来源,放疗的近期疗效显著优于化疗,化疗加入放疗并未改善生存率,ⅠE和ⅡE期患者应以放射治疗为主要治疗手段。     

Gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: analysis of 252 patients from a multicenter study.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The stomach is the most common site of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and no agreement has been reached so far on the best therapeutic approach. The main objects of this study were to report the long-term results and to evaluate the importance of some possible prognostic factors in a large series of patients. NHL was considered primary gastric if the main symptoms at presentation were those of gastric disease. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed 252 consecutive patients treated between 1980 and 1993 in five hospitals in north-east Italy. According to the Working Formulation, 98 patients had low grade lymphoma, 59 intermediate grade (D to F), 81 G or high grade and 14 were not classified. The patients were divided into two groups: one including patients with limited disease (localized to the stomach or perigastric lymph nodes: 165 patients) and one including those with advanced disease (87 patients). The treatment consisted of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combinations of these. Sixteen patients received only supportive therapy. RESULTS: The five-year overall survival was 65.4%: 80.3% for patients with limited disease and 36.7% for those with advanced disease (P < 0.0001). Among the limited disease patients the five-year survival was 84.4% for those treated with gastrectomy alone and 88.7% for those who received also adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.11). However, while chemotherapy did not improve survival in low grade NHL, it seemed to produce a better survival in the intermediate and high grade groups (P = 0.06). Twelve patients were treated with primary chemotherapy and the five-year survival was 71.2%. In multivariate regression analysis the most important variable for overall survival was surgery for the whole group of 252 patients (P < 0.0001), while it was age for the group with limited disease (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery alone can be curative for most patients with gastric lymphoma limited to the stomach or to the perigastric lymph nodes; surgery followed by chemotherapy seems to produce better results than surgery alone in intermediate and high grade lymphomas. Also a non-surgical approach with first-line chemotherapy is associated with a high rate of complete remissions and five-year survival. In advanced disease the five-year survival is similar to that of nodal NHL.     

Localised non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the testis: the Sheffield Lymphoma Group experience

We evaluated clinical features, management and survival of patients with localised (stage 1E or 2E) testicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presenting to the Sheffield Lymphoma Group between 1972 and 2002. Thirty consecutive eligible patients were identified from the lymphoma database and clinical records of all were reviewed. Survival data were statistically analysed. The median age of patients was 74 years (range 38-87). Sixty-three percent were >70 years of age. The median duration of follow-up was 15 months (range 2.1-211). All patients had orchidectomy. Eleven (37%) had orchidectomy alone. Twelve (40%) had orchidectomy and chemotherapy, 4 (13%) had orchidectomy and radiotherapy. Three (10%) had orchidectomy, chemotherapy and radio-therapy. Five (17%) had immediate disease progression following orchidectomy or whilst on treatment. A complete response was seen in the remaining 25 (84%) irrespective of treatment modality. Seven (23%) of patients remain alive, with a median follow-up of 73 months (range 9.9-211). Six (20%) died of causes not related to their lymphoma. Twelve (40%) relapsed following a complete response and median time to relapse was 9 months. Only 1 of these relapses was in the central nervous system; 1 in bone, 1 in skin, 2 in the contralateral testis. The majority of relapses (58%) occurred in the lymph nodes. Primary testicular lymphoma is an uncommon and poor prognosis disease usually affecting older men. The data and experience available to guide the treatment strategies for testicular lymphoma are limited. However, the evidence points to a combined modality approach being the most likely effective treatment, comprising surgery, anthracycline-containing combination chemotherapy with or without prophylactic contralateral testis and regional lymph node irradiation.     

Die Rolle der Strahlentherapie bei seltenen extranodalen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen

Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for approximately 30% of NHLs. Extranodal NHLs are mainly located in the skin (mainly T-cell NHL), stomach, small intestines, tonsils and central nervous system (CNS mainly B-cell lymphoma). Uncommon sites represent the orbit, salivary glands, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, thyroid gland, lungs, bladder, breast, female genital tract, testes, bone and extradural space. Stage, localization and histology are crucial for the decision of treatment modality. As, in contrast to nodal NHL, extranodal NHLs are more frequently diagnosed in stages I/II, radiotherapy (RT) plays a significant role in the treatment of extranodal NHLs. In general, in patients with low grade NHL involved-field radiotherapy (IF-RT) alone with 30?C40?Gy is recommended. Excellent local control is achieved by IF-RT resulting in high disease-free and overall survival rates. In cases of high grade lymphoma, induction chemotherapy is followed by consolidating IF-RT (36?C40?Gy). The localization and histology are predictors for local control, disease-free and overall survival.     

韦氏环非霍奇金淋巴瘤综合治疗疗效及其预后因素分析

目的:探讨韦氏环非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)综合治疗疗效及影响预后的因素.方法:回顾分析2001-07-2010-07收治的63例韦氏环NHL所有病例,用Kaplan-Meier计算其3、5年总生存率(OS)和无瘤生存率(DFS),Log-rank进行显著性检验,Cox模型进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:全组死亡20倒,3、5年OS分别为76.1％和64.4％.3、5年DFS分别为69.0％和61.6％.原发灶放射治疗剂量＜40、40～50 及＞50 Gy的5年OS分别为48.6％,73.7％和48.2％,x2=3.766,P=0.152.放疗前给予≥3个周期的化疗组及＜3个周期的化疗组5年OS分别为71.3％和58.5％·x2=0.797,P=0.372.多因素分析结果显示,近期疗效与国际预后指数(IPI)是独立预后因素.结论:对于韦氏环NHL患者宜采取综合治疗模式.近期疗效与IPI可作为韦氏环NHL临床预后的参考指标.     

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in stages I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of Waldeyer's ring

Sixty-four patients with stages I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) involving Waldeyer's ring treated between 1970 and 1987 were reviewed. Patients with stage II NHL were subdivided into stage II 1 (limited type) and stage II2 (advanced type) from the state of neck nodes. Stage II1 was defined as involvement of unilateral cervical nodes less than 4 cm in diameter as well as Waldeyer's ring involvement. Other stage II cases were classified as stage II2. All 17 patients with stage I NHL were treated with radiation therapy alone. Their diseases were well controlled, and none of them died of causes related to the lymphoma. Among 14 patients with stage II1 NHL, the 5-year survival rate for the 9 patients treated with radiation therapy alone was 87.5%. Until 1982, 19 of 21 patients with stage II2 NHL treated with radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (VEMP or COPP) died within 5 years mainly of disseminated diseases. Since 1983, CHOP has been used as the main treatment as well as radiotherapy for the 12 stage II2 NHL patients. So far, only 3 of them relapsed and 2 of them died of causes related to the lymphoma. Only 1 of these 12 patients was T-cell lymphoma compared to 7 of 9 stage II2 patients before 1982. This suggests that patients with stage I and those with limited stage II can be safely treated with radiotherapy. Also aggressive chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy should be used for patients with advanced stage II NHL involving Waldeyer's ring.