体检人员健康教育状况调查分析及对策

[目的]了解体检人员对常规体检项目的意义、检查前的准备工作、注意事项的了解程度及对这些内容需要了解的需求程度,以便采取针对性的、有效的健康教育措施。[方法]采用无记名、选择题式的调查问卷形式,体检当日一对一进行询问填写。[结果]752名体检人员都有一定的健康信息储存,但对于健康知识的需求度仍较高。[结论]应将健康教育应用于体检当中,采取有效的健康教育措施,满足人们的信息需求,提高医疗护理质量,提高患者满意度。     

关于健康体检人群对健康管理需求的调查

目的探讨、分析健康体检人群对健康管理的需求。方法择取2021年7月-2022年7月本院健康体检者650例为研究对象,使用调查问卷调查其健康管理需求。结果650例体检者中,共收回有效问卷630份,有健康管理需求的527例,占比为83.7%(527/630),男女例数分别为201例、326例,占比分别为38.1%(201/527)、61.9%(326/527),提示体检者性别不同,其健康管理需求也存在较大的差异(P<0.05);相较于总体需求率,调查对象对健康管理服务的认知率较低,呈现的差异较大(P<0.05)。结论通过调查分析发现,健康体检人群对健康管理的需求较高,但受个体化差异的影响,对健康管理的认知则存在一定的差异,故需结合健康体检者的实际情况,有针对性地展开健康管理服务,以增强其健康管理意识,在日常生活中积极预防各类疾病。     

体检人员对医院健康教育工作的反馈与需求调查

我院体检科每年体检人次约２－５万至３万左右，为了解医院健康教育效果，特对来院体检的人员进行了健康教育反馈与需求调查，现将结果报告如下。一、调查内容和方法１．调查对象　１９９７年１２月份来院体检人员，发出调查卷２０００份，收回１８９０份，占调查卷的９４－５％，其中有效答卷为１４５９份，占调查卷的７２－９５％。２．调查内容　体检人员接受医院健康教育的状况及其对健康教育的主、客观需求。３．调查方法　分为７个不同专题，采用问卷形式，在体检当日内自行填写调查表。二、调查结果１．对医院健康教育的反馈（１）观…     

178例乳腺癌患者求医行为与健康教育需求调查

[目的]探讨乳腺癌患者求医行为的影响因素及其健康教育需求,为临床开展乳腺癌患者健康教育提供依据.[方法]采用自制问卷对河北省6家医院178女性例乳腺癌术后化疗住院患者进行询问式问卷调查.[结果]51.69%乳腺癌患者发现乳房异常后未能及时求医,其中因未意识到疾病严重性者占76.09%;调查对象对乳腺癌治疗康复存在多方面的认识误区,处于不同化疗阶段病人的疾病相关知识需求存在明显不同.[结论]应有针对性地开展临床健康教育,促进患者身心康复,提高生活质量.     

职业体检中健康教育方式需求调查分析

目的探讨在职业健康体检中开展健康教育工作的方式需求情况。方法采用答卷和访谈结合的方法。结果体检者反馈良好,护士作为宣教的主力军作用得到广泛认同。结论健康教育方式的需求多样化,多样化的健康教育方式要求护士综合素质提高。     

某市电力系统职工健康体检资料中慢性非传染性疾病相关指标的分析及思考

[目的]通过了解目标人群体检资料,对慢性病相关危险因素指标分布趋势及其相关因素进行分析,为慢性病的防治提供依据.[方法]以电力系统2828名参与健康体检的人群为研究对象,收集体检资料进行统计学分析.[结果]高血压和心电图异常的检出率分别为14.33%和22.48%;高血糖和高尿酸血症的检出率分别为7.52%和8.15%;高血脂和谷丙转氨酶检出率分别达22.59%和13.17%;脂肪肝和胆囊疾病的检出率分别为31.08%和15.41%;一般男性的检出率高于女性;检出率有随年龄增加而增加的趋势,特别是40岁以后检出率明显增加.[结论]健康教育的需求很大,如何加强针对性的健康教育,使健康体检步入规范化管理,进一步提高健康体检的社会和经济效益,是各级卫生行政部门需要深入思考的问题.     

体检人群健康教育需求的现况调查

目的了解人群对健康教育的需求状况,提高体检中心健康教育水平。方法以2010年11月在武警安徽总队医院体检中心接受健康体检者1 122人为调查对象,共回收有效问卷1 043份。问卷内容包括一般人口社会学资料、对健康教育内容及健康教育方式的态度。结果体检人群最希望得到的健康知识前三项依次为＂常见病防治知识＂（44.5%）、＂饮食营养知识＂（29.4%）、＂合理运动的知识＂（10.7%）;其中选择＂合理运动的知识＂和＂戒烟、戒酒的知识和技能＂以男性为主。最愿意接受的健康教育方式依次是＂一对一讲解＂（22.5%）、＂发放健康教育处方等宣传资料＂（18.1%）和＂健康教育讲座＂（18.0%）;40岁以下者选择＂一对一讲解＂和＂电话咨询＂的比例较高,高中以下文化程度者选择＂播放电视录像＂的比例较高,大专以上选择＂短信或电子邮件＂的比例较高。结论体检中心开展健康教育应侧重常见慢性病防治知识、饮食营养及合理运动方面,并结合体检对象的基本特征选择合适的内容和方式。     

体检病人的健康教育需求分析

目的了解体检病人的健康教育需求,以便护士有针对性的进行有效的健康教育。方法通过向体检病人发放健康教育调查表及对被调查者体检主要疾病的分析,了解体检病人对健康教育知识的需求情况。结果调查结果显示不同文化程度和工作性质的体检者对健康教育的需求不同,本科以上学历、科技工作者、公务员和公司职员对健康教育的需求率高于其他文化程度和其他职业者。同时在对健康知识的认知上存在很多盲区,体检结果多为与生活方式密切相关的慢性疾病。结论体检者主观上对健康教育知识的需求度及体检结果均显示体检机构在健康体检中提供健康教育服务势在必行。     

门诊患者健康教育需求的调查与分析

[目的]了解患者健康需求,使健康教育有的放矢。[方法]对982例门诊患者进行健康知识需求及健康教育时机和效果的调查,应用专业软件包进行相关分析。[结果]初诊患者对健康教育需求明显高于复诊患者;不同疾病、不同文化程度的患者均渴望获得健康咨询服务;相对安静的诊疗环境和非疾病急性发作时是健康教育的最佳时机,而伴随诊疗全过程则可取得最好效果。[结论]有病才就医已不再是人们到医院的唯一目的。更多的是希望从医务人员那里获取他们所需的健康知识,解答他们的疑惑。门诊护理人员必须从思想上树立整体观念,重视健康教育,加强业务知识学习,不断拓展知识面,才能满足门诊患者对健康知识的需求,为患者提供高水准的健康服务。     

中小学生健康知识需求及变化分析

[目的]探讨中小学生健康需求及其变化,为学校健康教育工作提供依据.[方法]对郑州市436名小学生和407名中学生健康需求进行抽样调查.[结果]小学生一般健康知识需求排在前3位的是合理营养、体育锻炼和个人卫生;中学生一般健康知识需求程度排在前3位的是合理营养、心理卫生和体育锻炼;中学生青春期健康知识需求排在前3位的是:心理卫生、异性交往、性知识.中小学生喜欢的健康教育形式主要是图片展览、课堂教育;获得健康知识的主要途径是学校教育和家庭教育.[结论]要为中小学生提供符合其需求的健康教育内容和形式,尤其是青春期性教育需要加强:学校、家庭和社会要共同努力做好中小学生健康教育工作.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.