云峰公司磷酸二铵生产中粒度的控制措施

针对DAP装置中存在的造粒粒子圆整度、均匀性、粒度分布等问题影响产品质量，通过对部分设备的改造，管式反应器料浆量与中和槽料浆量的调整，洗涤液的密度和中和度、料浆的密度和中和度等工艺指标的优化，使造粒成粒率明显提高，产品粒子明显增大，DAP产品粒度2．0～4．0mm的粒子比例大于90％，合格率达100％。     

提高氟硅酸钠得率的方法

适当提高分解磷矿粉的硫酸浓度，有利于氟的逸出；提高氟硅酸的浓度和利用海水作洗涤剂，能明显减少氟硅酸钠合成过程的溶解损失。而提高氟逸出率和减少溶解损失是提高氟硅酸钠得率的有效方法。     

硝酸磷肥中和过程中影响氨逸出的因素

讨论硝酸磷肥生产中影响中和过程氨逸出造成损失的各种因素，主要包括ｐＨ值、单位体积反应强度、搅拌强度、料浆粘度等。正常生产时，１号中和槽氨逸出量０．９ｋｇ／ｈ，２号槽２～４ｋｇ／ｈ，３号槽８．７１～１１．２３ｋｇ／ｈ。     

酸性磷铵料浆沸点的测定

用工业湿法磷酸和纯稀磷酸与气氨中和制得酸性磷铵料浆 ,实验测定了料浆沸点与中和度、含水率的关系。结果表明 ,料浆的沸点随着含水率的减小而升高 ,随着中和度的减小而升高。在含水率低于 40 %后 ,沸点随含水率的变化更显著。料浆沸点升高可用Δ Tb=Kbm B进行预测。在相同中和度、相同含水率时 ,用工业湿法磷酸制得的酸性磷铵料浆的沸点与用纯稀磷酸制得的酸性磷铵料浆的沸点较为接近     

酸性磷铵料浆密度的测定

分别用湿法工业磷酸(19.41%P2O5)和纯稀磷酸(23.68%P2O5)与气氨中和并进行浓缩得到一系列不同中和度、不同含水率的酸性磷铵料浆。测定了其密度与中和度、含水率的关系。结果表明,料浆的密度随含水率减小、中和度减小而增加,从湿法磷酸获得的料浆密度略高于纯稀磷酸料浆密度。可用ρ=k(ρsxv+ρL(1-xv))式对酸性料浆的密度进行预测。     

注水油田驱油效率和波及系数研究

利用水驱特征曲线计算出来的油水相对相渗曲线计算驱油效率，可以消除油田非均质的影响，从而找到了计算一个注水开发油田驱油效率与波及系数随含水率变化的方法和关系公式。通过研究取得如下的认识：①驱油效率变化一般分为两个阶段：在含水率0．7～0．8以前，驱油效率随含水率的变化极为缓慢，在含水率0．7～0．8以后，驱油效率上升很快。②波及系数变化一般呈阶段性变化，这主要是受人为开发调整的影响。③人们要提高注水开发油田采收率，所做的措施都应以提高波及系数为目的，特别是注水开发的早期和中期即含水率为0．7～0．8之前。     

湿法磷酸真空浓缩深度脱氟特性剖析

根据试验结果,探讨真空浓缩时湿法磷酸中w(P_2O_5)与氟逸出率和气相氟的组成,吸收液中w(F)与氟逸出率的关系;深度脱氟时脱氟剂(硅化物)添加量,蒸发每千克氟(或P_2O_5)需要的蒸发水量,真空蒸发器的操作温度与蒸发每千克氟需蒸发水量的关系;提出两种湿法磷酸的w(P_2O_5)与氟逸出率的数学关联式,喷淋吸收塔传质单元数的数学关联式。指出氟逸出率随着湿法磷酸的w(P_2O_5)提高而增大,当w(P_2O_5)=52％、气相中x(HF)/x(SiF_4)>2时氟吸收系统不会析出硅胶,深度脱氟中脱氟剂添加量宜为理论量的150％,真空蒸发器操作温度由80℃提高到90℃时蒸发每千克氟(或P_2O_5)所需的蒸发水量可减少2/3。     

用湿法磷酸生产三聚磷酸钠的中和度分析方法探析

针对用湿法磷酸代替热法磷酸生产三聚磷酸钠过程出现中和度控制困难、分析值偏低等问题,通过研究和试验,提出了先加酸使碳酸盐转变为二氧化碳并逸出的方法,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、纯碱质量对最佳中和度的影响,并对比了改进的中和度分析方法与传统分析方法的测定结果及成品的主要成分,认为改进的中和度分析方法可扩大到其他使用纯碱为原料的非强酸性水溶液体系中酸碱滴定的场合。     

盐酸法制饲料级磷酸氢钙的无脱氟工艺

在适宜的工艺条件下使盐酸与磷矿反应，只经过简单过滤，中和，磷酸氢钙中的氟含量就可以达到0．1％以下，远低于0．18％的行业标准。本工艺的特点是反应与除氟同步进行，即减少了生产工序,又不需要添加任何除氟剂，还可以使氟的集中回收利用成为可能。     

不同添加剂对磷酸浓缩影响的实验研究

研究不同表面活性剂及其用量对磷酸沸点、蒸发强度和氟逸出率的影响,从中找出最佳的磷酸浓缩添加剂。结果表明:聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)对磷酸浓缩蒸发强度影响较为明显,其最佳用量分别为7、300 mg/kg,可降低磷酸沸点4～5℃,提高磷酸蒸发强度7%～12%,氟逸出率提高23%～25%。     

Ionomers: The sodium salt of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid)

A chemical method and an improved absorbance ratio method are presented to determine the degree of neutralization of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). Compared to the chemical method, the absorbance ratio method is simple and fast. It can be used also to determine the degree of neutralization when the chemical method is not suited to the system. By means of this absorbance ratio method, the influences of various reaction conditions on the rates of neutralization were observed. In the neutral system at the optimal water content a maximal rate of neutralization is obtained. The rate of neutralization is increased by increasing the temperature or the concentration of metal hydroxide or by decreasing the concentration of the copolymer.     

CRT玻璃清洗含氟废水处理技术

含氟废水排放量逐年增长,氟污染日益受到人们的关注.因此,含氟废水处理方法与技术研究一直是国内外环保领域的重要课题.本文阐述了目前国内外电视电脑显示器(CRT)玻璃清洗过程中对含氟废水处理的方法,重点介绍了常用的化学沉淀法、混凝沉淀法、中和沉淀和混凝沉淀配合使用,并对除氟机理进行了讨论.     

Surface modification with waterborne fluorinated anionic polyurethane dispersions

Waterborne fluorinated anionic polyurethane dispersions (FAPUDs) were synthesized from tris(6‐isocyanatohexyl) isocyanurate, N‐ethyl‐N‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐perfluorooctanesulfonamide, poly(oxytetramethylene glycol) (PTMG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol, and two different neutralizing agents (triethylamine and sodium carbonate). Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) were synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate, PTMG, DMPA, and ethylenediamine as chain extenders. The particle size of the FAPUDs, based on the fluorine content and degree of neutralization (DN), was measured with dynamic light scattering. So that the surface modification and morphology variations of the PUDs through the addition of the FAPUDs could be observed, the surface energy and thermal properties of the blending films [fluorine PUD mixtures (FPMs)] were measured with contact‐angle analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The particle size of the FAPUDs increased as the fluorine content in the FAPUDs increased and decreased as the DN increased. The surface energy of the FPM films made from the blending of the FAPUD T series (neutralization with triethylamine) gradually decreased above the critical fluorine concentration (0.02797 wt %). However, for the blending of the FAPUD 25Na series (neutralization with sodium carbonate), the surface energy increased above the critical fluorine concentration (0.02797 wt %) because of the increase in Na salts. The FAPUDs showed the native thermal behavior of the fluorine. However, the thermal properties of the blending films were like those of pure PUDs. This showed that the morphology of the PUDs was rarely unchanged when the FAPUDs were added. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3322–3330, 2002     

聚丙烯酸–丙烯酰胺交联微球的制备及吸水性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)作为单体,N,N–亚甲基丙烯酰胺(MBA)作为交联剂,利用反向悬浮聚合法制备聚丙烯酸–丙烯酰胺(PAA–AM)交联微球,研究了单体配比、交联剂用量、分散剂浓度、搅拌速度、AA中和度对交联微球吸水性能的影响。结果表明,当单体中AM的质量分数为60%、交联剂用量为1%、AA中和度为80%、分散剂浓度为1%、搅拌速度为350 r/min,交联微球的吸水倍率分别达到最大值450.77,426.83,426.83,426.83,424.23 g/g。     

Poly(urethane) cationomers from poly(propylene) glycol and isophorone diisocyanate: emulsion characteristics and tensile properties of cast films

Poly(urethane) (PU) cationomers were synthesized from poly(propylene) glycol (PPG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) following a prepolymer mixing process. Emulsions were obtained by adding water to the prepolymer solutions. Particle size and emulsion viscosity were studied in response to the MDEA content, degree of neutralization, and solid content of emulsion. It was found that at fixed solids content emulsion viscosity can be varied over 100 times depending on the MDEA content of the prepolymer and the degree of neutralization with acetic acid. Tensile properties of the emulsion cast film showed the increase in modulus and strength with degree of neutralization, as well as MDEA content.     

Evolution of fluorine emissions during the fast firing of ceramic tile

The present paper examines the emission–adsorption phenomena of fluorine compounds in various ceramic tile body compositions with different fluorine and calcium contents, processed by fast firing cycles in an electric laboratory batch kiln and in continuous fast-cycle industrial combustion kilns (roller kilns). In the roller kilns, fluorine emission was monitored by analysing the fluorine content in both solid and gas samples throughout the kilns.It was found that fluorine emission during firing in air atmosphere in the laboratory batch kiln began at temperatures above 800 °C and increased progressively up to peak firing temperature. In the roller kilns, however, the emissions started at lower temperatures and decreased in certain kiln zones. This decrease indicates that there are regions in these kilns in which fluorine is adsorbed rather than emitted by the material being processed.A fluorine adsorption process is thus shown to occur in the preheating stage in the roller kilns, despite the rapid heating rate. However, encouraging this adsorption process in order to foster the formation of crystalline phases is ineffective in abating fluorine emissions when ceramic tiles are fired at peak temperatures exceeding 1100 °C.     

疏水型阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯,聚酯、聚醚混合多元醇为基本原料,N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为亲水扩链剂,羟丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷、单硬酯酸甘油酯为改性剂,通过醋酸中和反应制备出疏水型自乳化阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液;研究了改性剂用量、R值(体系中—NCO和—OH的物质的量比)、MDEA含量和中和度对乳液耐水性的影响。结果表明:羟丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷和单硬酯酸甘油酯加入到聚氨酯体系中,均能显著提高聚氨酯的耐水性;胶膜吸水率随MDEA含量增加呈先降低后升高的趋势;当中和度小于100%时,胶膜吸水率随中和度的增大而减小;当中和度大于100%时,中和度对胶膜吸水率无明显影响。     

铁盐法电絮凝联合除砷工艺的应用

介绍包头华鼎铜业发展有限公司铜冶炼烟气制酸酸性污水的处理及回用情况。酸性污水主要特点是砷含量高,采用铁盐中和沉降、过滤、电絮凝、物理吸附联合除砷除杂后,得到的洁净水砷质量浓度0.3 mg/L,其他指标均达GB 25467—2010标准。污水处理后全部回收使用,实现冲地水、制酸污水零排放。     

煤中氟分布与燃烧排放特性

采用高温水解 -离子选择电极法对我国典型煤种的氟含量进行测定 ,得到了煤中氟分布规律 ,分析了煤中氟含量与灰分的关系及氟化物的赋存形态 .首次通过燃烧实验探索了燃煤过程中氟化物生成规律 ,确定了燃煤氟排放的影响因素 ,得到了燃煤氟排放与煤种、燃烧温度、停留时间、燃烧气氛等因素的影响规律 ,提出了燃煤过程中氟化物的生成机理 .研究结果对煤中氟的燃烧转化和污染治理有指导意义     

磷肥厂高含氟酸性污水处理站设计

采用消石灰中和、聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉淀和陶粒过滤对高含氟、含磷的酸性污水进行处理,使出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。