盐酸金刚烷胺片溶出度测定方法研究

目的 建立盐酸金刚烷胺片的溶出度测定方法。方法 釆用紫外 可见分光光度法测定盐酸金刚烷胺片的溶出度，测定波长为（412±1）nm。结果 在2.5～15.0 μg·mL^-1的浓度范围内与吸光度值呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 5，n=6），平均回收率为99.82%，RSD=0.87%（n=6）。结论 该方法灵敏、准确可靠、重现性好，可用于盐酸金刚烷胺片的溶出度测定。     

复方狐臭喷雾剂中地塞米松的含量测定

目的建立紫外分光光度法测定复方狐臭喷雾剂巾地塞米松药物含量。方法运用紫外分光光度法测定其地塞米松含量。结果地塞米松磷酸钠的线形范围1～6μg／ml,回归方程y=-3．8×10^-3＋0．0354C（r=0．9998,n=5）,回收率为98．05％～100．94％。,结论本制剂设计合理,紫外分光光度法测定地塞米松的含量,符合质量控制要求,方法简便、灵敏,测定结果准确。     

紫外分光光度法测定薄叶鸢尾中总异黄酮的含量

目的：建立紫外分光光度法测定薄叶鸢尾中总异黄酮的含量。方法：药材粉末经80％乙醇提取1小时后,采用紫外分光光度法,检测波长为264nm对薄叶鸢尾中总异黄酮的含量进行测定。结果：采用该方法可以准确地测定薄叶鸢尾中总异黄酮的含量,鸢尾苷在3．44～20．64ug/ml范围内峰吸光度与浓度线性关系良好(r=0．9999,n=5),样品平均回收率为102．5％,精度密RSD为0．2％(n=5),重复性RSD为4．2(n=5),稳定性RSD为0．2％(6小时内)。结论该方法简单,准确,可用于薄叶鸢尾中总异黄酮的含量测定。     

紫外分光光度法测定对氨基水杨酸钠肠溶片的含量与药典方法的比较

目的:建立紫外分光光度法测定自制对氨基水杨酸钠肠溶片的含量,并与药典方法相比较。方法:紫外分光光度法为以pH7．4的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)为溶剂,以298 nm为检测波长,药典方法为永停滴定法。以t-检验法对两种测定方法的结果进行分析。结果:对氨基水杨酸钠在pH 7．4的PBS中的线性范围为4．0～20．1μg·ml-1,平均回收率为100．6％,RSD为0．7％(n=5),其测定结果与永停滴定法无显著性差异(P>0．05)。结论:采用紫外分光光度法测定对氨基水杨酸钠包衣片的含量,比永停滴定法更为简单、快速。     

紫外分光光度法快速测定那格列奈片的含量

目的采用紫外分光光度法快速测定那格列奈片的含量。方法用乙醇作空白，在259nm波长处照分光光度法测定吸收度。结果那格列奈质量浓度在0．1～1．2mg／mL范围内与吸收度线性关系良好，r=0．9997（n=5），平均回收率为99．47％，RSD=1．169％（n=9）。结论紫外分光光度法快捷、简便、灵敏，可作为该产品的快速测定方法。     

紫外分光光度法测定苯丙醇胶丸的含量

目的 建立紫外分光光度法测定苯丙醇胶丸的含量。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定苯丙醇胶丸的含量，检测波长为252nm。结果 样品在20—200μg/ml时与吸收度线性关系良好，r=0．9999(n=5)，平均回收率100.8％，RSD为0.30％(n=5)。结论 该方法简便快速，结果满意。     

紫外分光光度法测定利血生片的含量

目的：建立利血生片的含量测定方法。方法：采用紫外分光光度法。结果：利血生在10～40μg／ml(r=0．9999)范围内,吸收度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为99．6％,RSD为0．52％(n=5)。结论：该方法稳定、准确,可作为该制剂中利血生的含量测定。     

紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定利巴韦林片含量的比较

目的:建立紫外分光光度法测定利巴韦林片的含量.方法:采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分别测定利巴韦林片的含量.结果:紫外分光光度法平均回收率为100.9%,RSD=0.57%(n=5);高效液相色谱法平均回收率为99.9%,RSD=0.86%(n=5).结论:紫外分光光度法简便、快速,两种方法测定结果一致(P＞0.05).     

紫外分光光度法测定甲癣涂剂中水杨酸含量

目的研究甲癣涂剂的水杨酸含量测定方法。方法以硫代硫酸钠溶液为还原剂,采用紫外分光光度法在296．4nm波长处直接测定甲癣涂剂中水杨酸含量。结果水杨酸质量浓度在11．25-33．75μg／mL范围内与吸收度线性关系良好,r=0．9999（n=5）,平均回收率为99．80％,RSD为0．38％（n=6）。结论紫外分光光度法准确、简单、快捷,适用于医院制剂的快速分析。     

紫外分光光度法测定复方替硝唑溶液的含量

目的建立复方替硝唑溶液的含量测定方法。方法用紫外分光光度法直接测定替硝唑含量,测定波长为317nm;用双波长分光光度法测定醋酸氯己定含量,测定波长为260nm,参比波长为350．8nm。结果替硝唑质量浓度线性范围是5-25μg／mL,r=0．9999,平均回收率为101．30％,RSD=0．53％（n：6）;醋酸氯己定质量浓度线性范围是2-7．5μg／mL,r=0．9999,平均回收率为98．78％,RSD=0．56％（n=6）。结论所用方法简便、准确,适用于该制剂的质量控制。     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.