投影仪曲面投影校正技术

当投影仪将图像投影到曲面时,为使观察者看到不失真图像,采用两步校正法对图像进行预变形处理．该方法将投影仪假设为针孔模型,并获取投影系统的相关几何参数,通过对观察者所需的理想图像进行变换获得投影仪所需预变形图像．利用纹理投影技术并采用OpenGL编程实现该校正方法．实际投影结果表明该方法可以取得较好效果．     

自适应复杂环境的投影图像校正算法

为实现投影仪在任意表面上的自适应投影,提出一种可以在日常环境光照条件下进行自动几何校正和色彩补偿的投影图像校正算法.该算法使用基于二进制编码结构光的离散映射集合方法,通过计算对应像素映射关系消除投影图像的几何畸变;然后应用一种优化的朗伯特反射模型构造投影表面的纹理空间,对原始投影图像进行预处理和全局亮度补偿,最终实现投影图像的颜色补偿.实验结果表明,基于文中算法在复杂环境中进行投影,可以在不规则几何表面上投影出符合视觉期望的无变形图像,并能够有效地消除投影表面固有纹理和环境光照对投影图像的干扰;将自适应复杂环境的投影图像校正算法应用于传统投影机摆脱了投影机对投影幕布的依赖,可以在任意环境中实现近似于白色平板幕布的投影效果.     

基于面结构光几何关系的三维数字化研究*

为降低颜色串扰对提取结构光图像特征的影响,通常将多像素条纹细化为单像素线条,但降低了重建图像空间分辨率。针对这一问题,设计一个基于面结构光几何关系的三维数字化系统,并提出一种以面结构光投影仪像素为单位的特征提取与匹配新方法。首先,投影仪向被测物体投射设计好的面结构光,为被测物体增加有效特征,双目摄像机捕获被测物体两张图像,设置阈值滤除图像背景、去除噪声,提高图像质量;然后,基于单位投影像素提取特征点,充分利用投影图像的全像素空间,使得特征点采样密度提高,根据特征点间的几何关系进行匹配,提高计算效率;最后,根据三角测量原理将特征点图像坐标转换成世界坐标,形成高密度点云;在Geomagic Studio 2013平台上对被测物体进行三维重建,获得高质量的三维重建模型,实验结果达到了预期效果。     

针对多投影仪显示墙画面校正的图像对准技术

针对多投影仪显示墙画面校正问题中相机与投影仪间图像对准问题,提出一种基于自适应细分网格的稀疏对应点加密方法,可以得到任意光滑屏幕上投影图像与相机图像间的像素级对应关系。该方法利用改进的自适应4点插值细分曲线思想构造细分网格方法,可以将投影仪图像与相机图像间稀疏对应点网格加密到任意精度,从而建立从相机到投影仪图像间的像素级一一映射关系,为多投影仪显示墙系统的几何和色彩校正提供精确的图像对准基础。与现有算法的对比分析和虚拟机场塔台仿真系统中的实际应用表明,该方法具有较高的图像对准精度,并且无显式的需求投影仪、投影屏幕和相机的内部参数。     

多投影仪显示系统的几何失真校正方法

为了解决在直接获取投影墙与摄像机间几何关系较困难情况下的系统的几何失真问题,提出了基于矩阵分解和消除投影墙坐标系的自由度来获取校正参数的方法。通过系列矩阵分解和推理,得出了影响投影墙与摄像机间的几何关系的因素。在此基础上,通过消除投影墙坐标系的自由度,从2个投影仪与摄像机的几何关系求出了投影墙与摄像机间的几何关系的多个可能解,同时通过筛选算法从多个可能解中筛选出最优解,从而最终得到投影仪与投影墙间的几何关系。最后利用该几何关系对帧缓存中图像进行预扭曲以实现几何失真的校正。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的校正效果。     

一种改进的单目机器人立体视觉系统校正方法

基于三棱镜的单目立体视觉系统具有高集成度、低功耗、易装配等特点,但外置的棱镜也会引发不规则的图像畸变,影响成像质量。首先采用双边滤波函数对目标图像进行降噪处理,增强图像中的边界,有效提高标定图像中的特征点提取的准确性;然后结合透视投影中的直线性、交比一致性和没影点收敛性等投影不变性提出一种改进的自适应畸变校正算法。该算法无需畸变模型及畸变参数,通过校正前后特征点的偏移,最终得到畸变校正所需的像素位移图。实验对比了多组图像的特征提取效果和畸变校正结果,并比较了不同校正方法对于系统中产生的不规则畸变的校正效果,结果表明该算法具有鲁棒性和准确性,提高了机器人视觉系统的准确度。     

一种实用的多投影仪显示墙色彩校正方法

针对多投影仪显示墙系统色彩不均匀性的问题,提出一种快速、实用的独立于几何校正结果的色彩校正方法。该方法利用细分网格变形技术将现有针对平面投影屏幕的色彩校正方法推广到适应任意光滑曲面投影屏幕,同时利用加权最小二乘曲线拟合思想降低色彩测量数据量。实际进行色彩校正时,采用可编程图形处理单元(GPU)的像素着色器对投影图像的每个像素进行实时校正计算,并在实际多投影仪显示墙系统中验证了方法的有效性。     

一种快速、高效的车牌定位方法

基于车牌区域丰富的边缘特征,本文提出了一种改进的车牌定位方法。首先增强原始图像,并对原始图像和增强图像分别进行边缘提取;然后基于车牌区域边缘均匀,长短有限等特征,滤除背景及噪声边缘点;最后通过投影搜索出车牌区域。对采集到的各种复杂背景、环境下的车辆图像进行了大量实验,实验结果证明算法准确率高、适应性强。     

一种投影仪相机系统几何配准的鲁棒算法

目前投影屏的反射及几何特性决定了投影仪投影图像的显示效果。为解除投影仪对标准屏幕的依赖性,借助数码相机可构成反馈系统对显示表面的缺陷进行辐射度补偿和图像校正,而其前提即是建立投影图像面与相机图像面像素之间的配准关系。为实现这一目的提出了一种能实现投影仪相机系统几何配准方法的鲁棒算法。通过设计黑白二色编码图像、显示采集编码图像的方式并对捕获图像进行二值化以及形态学处理以定位和识别采样色块,建立几何配准函数关系。该算法在平面、曲面以及无图案与有图案等各种显示表面的投影场景中得以验证,其平均配准误差稳定在0.2～1.0个像素单位,且不依赖于色块的数量而变化,并能在10s内完成整个配准关系的建立。实验表明该方法能在适用范围以及精度和效率等方面满足相机反馈式投影仪像面配准的应用需求。     

多投影仪无缝拼接显示中的颜色校正技术比较研究

基于多投影仪的无缝拼接显示是对图形、图像、视频等进行大范围、高分辨率显示的一种有效实现方式。多投影仪无缝拼接显示的一个关键是解决颜色失调问题,而现有的颜色失调原因的分析结果可归纳为投影仪输出颜色的变化特性和投影屏幕与投影环境的影响两个方面。近年来,为解决该问题已提出了多种颜色校正技术,而根据解决颜色失调问题的原理和实现方法的不同,这些技术可分为基于边缘融合的校正技术、基于单一投影光源的校正技术和基于颜色/亮度输出匹配的校正技术3类,并对这3类技术在无缝拼接显示效果、可维护性和可扩展性等方面的优缺点进行了较详细分析,该领域下一步的研究将会朝着兼顾不同投影机类型、不同形状和反射特性的投影屏幕和考虑运动中观察者的实时颜色校正方向发展。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.