239例下尿路排尿功能障碍患者影像尿动力学特点分析

目的 回顾分析我科下尿路排尿功能障碍患者影像尿动力学诊断特点,探讨影像尿动力学在复杂排尿功能障碍患者诊断中的优势.方法 收集自2014年1-7月因下尿路排尿功能障碍而在我科行影像尿动力检查患者239例,男性165例,女性74例.分析神经源性膀胱和非神经源性膀胱患者尿动力学诊断特点及下尿路影像形态,探讨典型复杂排尿功能障碍患者尿动力学检查的特点及输尿管、膀胱、尿道形态学的变化.结果 239例患者中因存在明确神经系统病变而出现排尿功能障碍经尿动力学检查确定为神经源性膀胱患者32例(13.39％):①逼尿肌反射亢进伴急迫性尿失禁8例,3例患者存在脑血管意外,1例患者存在帕金森病,2例患者存在阿尔茨海默病,1例患者存在骶脊膜膨出;1例患者行根治性子宫全切.②逼尿肌收缩无力伴尿性尿潴留24例,其中糖尿病患者16例,急性感染性多发性神经根炎患者2例,酗酒患者2例,药物滥用患者1例,高空坠落致腰或骶髓损伤3例.存在单侧输尿管反流1例,双侧输尿管反流7例,逼尿肌膀胱颈协同失调2例,逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调3例.诊断为非神经源性膀胱患者203例(84.94％):膀胱出口梗阻131例、压力性尿失禁41例、单纯逼尿肌过度活动11例、逼尿肌收缩力弱10例、逼尿肌收缩无力10例.排尿期膀胱颈部完全开放76例,部分开放129例,膀胱颈部未见开放34例.膀胱及尿道功能未见异常4例(1.67％).结论 影像尿动力检查可帮助神经源性膀胱患者准确判断是否存在逼尿肌-尿道外括约肌协同失调、逼尿肌-膀胱颈协同失调、输尿管反流、漏尿点压,对于非神经源性膀胱患者,可帮助判断胱和尿道的影像形态变化,精确了解尿道梗阻部位,甚至了解膀胱尿道是否存在异物.     

女性膀胱出口梗阻的影像尿动力学特点分析

目的:探讨女性膀胱出口梗阻患者的影像尿动力学异常表现及临床意义。方法:回顾分析50例女性膀胱出口梗阻患者的影像尿动力检查结果。结果:膀胱颈梗阻21例(42%),中远端尿道梗阻20例(40%),尿道外口梗阻3例(6%),膀胱脱垂4例(8%),尿道憩室2例(4%);储尿症状为主占18%,排尿症状为主占36%,混合症状为主占46%;可见逼尿肌不稳定13例(26%),膀胱顺应性减低24例(48%)。结论:影像尿动力学检查能了解患者逼尿肌的功能状况,并能准确判断下尿路梗阻的解剖水平,为临床治疗的选择提供了可靠的依据。     

前列腺增生症患者的尿动力学分析(附357例临床报告)

目的:观察前列腺增生症(BPH)患者手术前后的尿动力学指标的变化,探讨尿动力学检查(UDS)对BPH诊断、术前评估、术后疗效评价的价值.方法:357例BPH患者术前均有严重的排尿梗阻症状,国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)为(27.8±3.5)分,UDS检查均提示BPH诊断.其中17例患者UDS检查发现伴有膀胱尿道功能性疾患(膀胱逼尿肌收缩力异常与不稳定收缩、尿道外括约肌收缩强度过高等),包括低顺应性膀胱5例、逼尿肌收缩无力6例、逼尿肌反射亢进1例、逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调8例、不稳定膀胱7例、逼尿肌排尿后持续低幅度收缩1例、尿道外括约肌痉挛2例.术后对所有患者进行随访及UDS检查.结果:术后1个月随访,340例术前UDS检查无膀胱尿道功能性疾患患者排尿通畅,无梗阻症状,I-PSS (2.3±1.5)分,UDS指标基本恢复正常(最大尿流率、平均尿流率、最大尿流率时间、总尿流时间、尿量及尿流曲线改善等);17例术前存在膀胱尿道功能疾患患者,术后排尿仍不满意,I-PSS(26.8±2.1)分,UDS示膀胱尿道功能疾患仍存在,膀胱与尿道外括约肌的异常收缩无显著改变,但尿道膀胱镜检查未发现机械性梗阻.结论:手术治疗能解除大部分BPH患者的机械性梗阻症状,但对功能性梗阻患者效果可能不明显,手术前后有必要进行UDS检查,以进一步明确诊断、选择手术时机并对术后疗效进行正确的评估.     

尿动力学检查在良性前列腺增生症诊治中的应用

目的探讨尿动力学检查在良性前列腺增生症诊疗中的意义。方法对103例前列腺增生患者进行尿流率测定、残余尿量测定、充盈性膀胱测压、压力一流率同步测定、尿道压力测定,并分析检查结果。结果103患者行尿流率测定,25例不能自行排尿,78例患者最大尿流率〈15ml／s、平均尿流率〈10ml／s;逼尿肌稳定67例,逼尿肌不稳定36例;高顺应性膀胱11例,低顺应性膀胱22例,顺应性正常70例;膀胱充盈感觉减退21例,感觉增强23例,感觉正常59例;逼尿肌收缩有力78例,P／Q图显示膀胱出口梗阻66例,可疑梗阻12例,逼尿肌收缩力降低,未能排出尿液25例;103例患者均显示前列腺及功能尿道长度延长,75例患者显示膀胱颈压升高。结论尿动力学检查能正确判断患者是否有膀胱出口梗阻,还可评估膀胱逼尿肌功能,在前列腺增生症的诊断和治疗中具有重要的临床价值。     

表现为遗尿的神经源性膀胱影像尿动力学诊断

目的探讨影像尿动力学诊断以遗尿为主要临床表现的神经源性膀胱患者的膀胱功能改变.方法对2例经B超影像尿动力学检查证实为神经源性膀胱的病例进行回顾性分析.结果2例患者均以遗尿为主诉就诊,B超尿动力学检查表现为充盈期膀胱颈口不能完全关闭,排尿期膀胱颈口不开放,膀胱大量残余尿,上尿路损害,瘫痪性膀胱.结论对于临床表现为遗尿的患者,影像尿动力学检查可以全面地了解膀胱尿道功能.     

女性膀胱出口梗阻的诊治及尿动力学检查的应用

目的探讨尿动力学检查在女性膀胱出口梗阻(FBOO)的诊治及尿动力学检查的应用价值。方法收集32例疑似FBOO的患者,年龄21~80岁,平均56.3岁。主诉有尿频、尿急、排尿困难等下尿路症状,对患者完善常规检查,同期行膀胱镜、排尿期尿道造影以及尿动力学检查。对确诊为解剖性FBOO的患者行经尿道膀胱颈切开术,术后3个月进行随访比较。结果 32例疑似FBOO患者中解剖性FBOO 20例,功能性FBOO 7例,正常5例。解剖性FBOO组与功能性FBOO组比较尿动力指标,其中最大尿流率、峰值尿流率膀胱逼尿肌压力、最大逼尿肌压力、最大尿道闭合压差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。对20例解剖性FBOO患者行经尿道膀胱颈切开术,术后3个月进行随访。术前和术后比较,最大尿流率、峰值尿流率膀胱逼尿肌压力、最大逼尿肌压力、最大尿道闭合压、残余尿量差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论尿动力学检查可对功能性与解剖性的女性膀胱出口梗阻作出客观判断。经尿道离子束刀膀胱颈切开术治疗解剖性FB00疗效安全、恢复快、并发症少。尿动力学检查在女性膀胱出口梗阻术后评价方面具有重要价值。     

“尿道关闭面积缩小术”治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的前瞻性研究

目的 前瞻性研究“尿道关闭面积缩小术”(diminution of the ureathral functional area,DUFA)治疗女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效和并发症.方法 122例患者经尿动力学检查确诊为女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻,进行作者设计的新手术“尿道关闭面积缩小术”.统计手术持续时间、术中出血量.手术后随访6个月,统计分析国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率、残余尿量、尿道关闭面积、膀胱颈压、最大尿道压、膀胱逼尿肌压及并发症.结果 122例患者均得到随访,手术时间(19.7±8.3)min、出血量(15.2±6.9)mL.IPSS从术前25.6 ±8.2降为术后4.5±2.6,最大尿流率从术前(7.5±3.8)mL/s增加至(25.9±8.3) mL/s,残余尿量由术前(164.1±86.8) mL降为术后(17.4 ±9.1)mL,尿道关闭面积从术前(1 392.9±697.6) mmcmH2O降为术后(654.6±211.3) mmcmH2O,膀胱逼尿肌压从术前(36.5±12.1)cmH2O降为术后(18.6±6.3) cmiH2O,膀胱颈压与最大尿道压降低.各项指标手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).并发症:术后2例大出血,3例轻微排尿困难,6例轻微压力性尿失禁,经保守治疗恢复.结论 DUFA既能有效解除尿道梗阻,显著提高尿流率,缓解患者症状,又不发生永久性尿失禁,并发症极少,是手术治疗女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻的安全而有效的手术术式.     

女性膀胱颈硬化症手术前后尿动力学对照观察

目的 通过对女性膀胱颈硬化症患者手术前后尿动力学观察,期望发现影响手术疗效的原因.方法 30例女性膀胱颈硬化症患者接受经尿道膀胱颈切开术治疗,每例患者均进行6次尿动力学检查,即术前、术后l、2、3、6个月、1年.结果 手术治疗有效27例,无效3例.治疗有效患者的尿动力学参数最大尿流率增大、平均尿流率增大、残余尿量减少、最大逼尿肌压降低(P＜0.05).无效患者的尿动力学参数最大尿流率、平均尿流率、残余尿量、最大逼尿肌收缩压与术前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经尿道膀胱颈切开术是治疗女性膀胱颈硬化症的有效方法,术后仍有排尿梗阻症状患者,虽然手术解决了解剖性梗阻,但此类患者可能合并有功能性梗阻,需进一步行影像尿动力学检查证实.     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学表现及意义

探讨慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的尿动力学表现.方法 采用莱博瑞尿动力检测仪对200例诊断为III型慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者进行压力―流率测定、尿流率、充盈性膀胱测压、尿道测压及肌电图检查.结果 膀胱出口梗阻92例(46%),不稳定性膀胱66例(33%),逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调56例(28%),低顺应性膀胱例23例(11.5%),其中不稳定膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻27例,不稳定膀胱合并逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调19例,低顺应性膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻17例.结论 慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学表现依次为膀胱出口梗阻、不稳定性膀胱、逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调及低顺应性膀胱,考虑患者尿频症状与上述改变有关,建议对治疗效果差的慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者行尿动力学检查,可达到对症治疗提高治疗效果.     

女性尿失禁患者尿动力学检查

目的:了解尿动力学检查在诊断女性尿失禁中的意义.方法:选取200例女性尿失禁患者为病例组和因上尿路疾病需要手术治疗而下尿路功能正常的20例女性患者为对照组.病例组依据临床和尿动力学检查结果分为急迫性尿失禁患者90例,真性压力性尿失禁患者70例,充溢性尿失禁患者40例.比较各组病例与对照组之间尿动力学参数的差异.结果:真性压力性尿失禁组的最大逼尿肌排尿压、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力、最大尿道压和最大尿道闭合压显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);急迫性尿失禁组最大膀胱压测定容量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);充溢性尿失禁组最大尿流率、膀胱顺应性、最大逼尿肌排尿压和最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力显著低于对照组,残余尿量和排尿前最大逼尿肌压力显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:尿动力学检查能为女性尿失禁患者的诊断和治疗提供客观依据.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.